Mutane tare da Savant ciwo kuna da ƙwarewar ban mamaki, ta al'ada. An fara bayanin wannan ciwo a cikin 1887, kuma yana magana ne game da mutanen da ke da rauni a cikin ƙwarewar hankalinsu, amma tare da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na musamman. Tun wannan lokacin, masana kimiyya da yawa sun binciki wannan lamarin.
Har wa yau, ba a san 100% dalilin da ya sa wannan cutar ta Savant ke faruwa a cikin wasu mutane ba a cikin wasu ba. Abin da ya bayyana a fili shi ne za'a iya gado ko samu, kuma ana tsammanin akwai yiwuwar haɗuwa tsakanin ciwo da lalacewar kwakwalwa. Muna gaya muku ƙarin son sani game da shi kuma muna ambaci wasu sanannun al'amuran.
Menene cutar Savant?
Ciwon Savant ko mutum mai hikima yanayin cuta ne wanda wasu mutane da ke fama da larurar hankali, duk da nakasassu na jiki, na hankali ko na motsi, mallaki ikon mamaki ko takamaiman ikon tunani. Halayen da ke bayyana Savants yara maza da mata sune iyawar su. Mafi mahimmanci sune:
- Ƙwarewa na asali don kiɗa, zane ko sassaka.
- Lissafin kwanakin ko kuma kalanda. Suna iya sanin lokacin da takamaiman rana ta faɗi a cikin kowane wata ko shekara.
- Ikon yi hadaddun shugaban lissafi, har ma da rarrabuwa tare da wurare goma.
- Damarwa don auna kusa da ainihin nisa Ba tare da kayan kida ba, haddace kwatance da taswirori, kuma rike sikelin samfuran zuwa kammala.
Waɗannan sune ƙwarewar da aka fi sani, amma akwai wasu waɗanda basu da yawa, kamar sauƙin koyan harsuna, ƙarancin hankalinku, sanin lokaci ba tare da duba agogo ba, da dai sauransu. Illswarewar da ke da alaƙa da yare ba a cika ganin ta ba. Gabaɗaya sun dogara ne akan tsohuwar hanyar cortico-striatal, tsari ko ɗabi'ar tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, maimakon akan babban matakin cortico-limbic, fassarar ma'ana ko fassarar ƙwaƙwalwa.
Me yasa ake samar dashi?
Yawancin karatu sunyi ƙoƙari don gano dalilin da yasa wannan cutar ta Savant take faruwa da alaƙar ta, misali tare da Autistic bakan. Ko yau, yana da wani enigma. Akwai masana kimiyya da suka kafa a haɗuwa tsakanin wannan ciwo da lalacewar kwakwalwa. Hakanan ana zargin cewa kasancewar ko rashin chromosome 15 yana da alaƙa da shi.
Game da rabin mutanen da ke da cutar Savant suna da autism, kuma daga waɗanda ke da autism, kusan 10% suna da cutar Savant. Sauran 50% ya fito ne daga yawan jama'a tare da nakasawar ci gaba ko mutanen da ke fama da rikice-rikice na tsarin juyayi.
El Ciwon Savant na iya kasancewa yayin haihuwa kuma ya bayyana a yarinta. Hakanan yana iya faruwa sakamakon lalacewar tsarin jijiyoyin tsakiya ko rashin lafiya. Sabili da haka, yana iya zama saboda bayyananniyar haihuwa ko samu. Ya fi shafar samari fiye da 'yan mata. Duk wata damar da aka nuna, tana tare da babban ƙwaƙwalwa.
Sanannun al'amuran cutar Savant
Kim leke (1951 -2009) ɗayan sanannun sanannun cututtukan Savant, tunda silima ta samo asali ne daga tarihinta don yin fim ɗin Rain Man. haddace a cikin rayuwarsa fiye da 8.000 littattafai, tunda iyayensa suka fara karanta masa labarai tun yana dan watanni 18 kacal. Abun mamaki shine cewa cutar Savant wacce ta ba shi wannan ƙwaƙwalwar mai ban sha'awa, shi ma abin da ya nakasa shi cikin ayyuka kamar sauƙaƙe kamar ɗora maballin.
Ingila Stephen Wiltshire nuna gwanintarsa ta wata hanya daban. Wannan mai zane zai iya zana cikakken birni kamar Rome, zuwa sikelin kuma dalla-dalla, ba tare da yin kuskure ba, bayan ya ziyarce shi sau ɗaya kawai ta jirgi mai saukar ungulu a cikin tafiyar minti 45. Yana da da aka sani da kyamarar mutum.
Wani misalin cutar Savant shine Tony DeBois, wanda aka haifa makaho da autistic kuma tun yana dan shekara 2 ya fara kidan piano ba tare da ya samu darasi ba. A yau ya kware a jazz, amma yana iya yin kusan kowane irin kiɗa. Yana kunna sama da kayan kida ashirin, yana da ikon fassara kusan waƙoƙi 8.000.