Uropi hwemwana hunokura sei? Iwe unodzidza sei? Ndedzipi shanduko dzinoitika kana paine dambudziko rekuvandudza? ILabhoratri yeLondon iri kuendesa kwese tekinoroji inowanikwa nzwisisa uropi hwemwana uye chii chinoitika kana budiriro ikaenda zvisiri izvo.
Asi unopinda sei mupfungwa dzemunhu asingakwanise kutaura, asingateveri kurairwa, uye nekukanganisa anoyedza zvaanoedza? Ndiro dambudziko rakagamuchirwa nemasayendisiti e Bhabhironi, uko LMasayendisiti anoongorora mashandiro emagetsi muuropi hwemucheche kuti aone zviri kuitika uye woongorora chimwe chezvakavanzika zvikuru zvehupenyu.
Uropi hunochinja zvakanyanya mukati memakore maviri ekutanga ehupenyu kupfuura chero imwe nguva- Hana yemunhu wese, hunhu, hunhu, uye kugona zvinoratidzwa, sezvazvakaita zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekuti budiriro inogona kukanganiswa. Asi ino nguva zvakare ndiyo yakanyanya kuoma kuongorora, nekuti mazhinji ezvishandiso zvakajairwa zvevanhu neuroscience hazvina basa nevana nekuti kubatana kwevatori vechikamu kwakakosha. Kunyangwe nzira dzekutarisa dzekutarisa hadzikwani kuongorora hunhu uye maitiro muvacheche.
Zvisinei,, chikumbiro kubva kumasayendisiti paBirkbeck laboratori muLondon chinotaridzika zvikuru. Masayendisiti ari murabhoritari iyi akapayona matekiniki senge padhuze-infrared baby spectrometry (NIRS), iyo inoyera mashandiro ehuropi nekunyora iro ruvara, uye nekudaro oxygenation, yeropa. Ivo vari zvakare kuyedza kusimbisa mhedzisiro nekubatanidza akawanda matekinoroji. Chinosiyanisa murabhoritari kubva kumamwe marabhoritari akanangana nevacheche ndeekuti "Varikuita tsvagiridzo pamusoro pevacheche vachishandisa hunyanzvi hwese hwaunogona kufungidzira."anodaro Richard Aslin, muongorori wehunhu hwevana uye director weRochester Center yeBrain Imaging muNew York.
Iyo lab yakashandisa maturusi aya kuburitsa akateedzana e "kutanga" nezve pfungwa dzevacheche, seinotevera:
- kuti vacheche vanosarudza kutarisa zviso zvakatarisana navo, kwete kure nazvo
- iyo inopindura kune iwo akanangana nekutarisisa nekuvandudza neural kugadzirisa
- izvo zvinoshanduka mune ino mhinduro yehuropi zvinogona kusanganisirwa neyekupedzisira kutanga autism (humbowo hwekutanga hwekuti chiyero chehuropi chinoshanda chinogona kushandiswa kufanotaura mamiriro acho).
Muna 2013, Babylab akatanga chirongwa chemureza d chekudzidza vacheche kubva pamasvondo gumi nemaviri ezera vari panjodzi huru ye autism spectrum kusagadzikana kana kucherechedzwa kwekushomeka kwehutano hwehutachiona (ADHD)., pamwe neboka rinodzora, kuitira kuti vawane zvimwe zviratidzo zvekutanga zvemamiriro aya uye vawane maitiro ekurapa anogona kuvabatsira. Muna 2014 rabhoritari yakagamuchira mari yakawanda kuti ikure uye isimbise kuyedza, umo vana kubva pamwedzi gumi nemasere kusvika pamakore matatu kana mana ekuberekwa vanozoiswa pasi pemhando dzisina waya dzesarudzo yeelectroencephalography (EEG), NIRS uye tekinoroji yekutevera maziso panguva dzakasiyana zviitiko. Chinangwa ndechekunzwisisa uropi panguva yehucheche, iyo nguva iyo vana pavanotanga kukoshesa musiyano pakati pavo neumwe, ivo vanodzidza mutauro, zviitiko zvakaoma zvinoitika uye ndangariro dzenguva refu dzinotanga kuumbwa, nezvimwe.
BabyLab ichaedza kuzadza rakakura gwanza reruzivo ruripo nezve yehuropi hwevacheche
Masayendisiti anga achiongorora vacheche kubvira pakati pezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri. Imwe yekutanga kuita kudaro yaive Jean piaget, chiremba wepfungwa weSwitzerland uyo akashandisa zvakadzama kucherechedzwa kwevacheche nevana vakuru kuti vanzwisise zvirinani kuti vanonzwisisa sei nyika. Piaget akagadzira dzidziso yekuti vacheche vanozvarwa semateyiti asina chinhu, asi vane michina inovakurudzira kuti vatarise pasirese uye inoita kuti vatore ruzivo.
Mwana neurology nerudzi rwakadai muma1960, apo nyanzvi yekuvandudza pfungwa muAmerica Robert fantz akatanga kuyera nguva yenguva inopedzwa nevacheche kutarisa chimwe chinhu senzira yekuyera kufarira kwavo. Kuyera kuyera kuyedza kwave kushanda mubindu iri kubva ipapo.
"Pakave nezviuru zvekuyedza zvakaitwa nenzira idzi munguva yekutsvaga"anodaro Aslin, “uye inowanzova nzira yakatendeka. Asi idzi mhando dzezvidzidzo dzinofanirwa kutariswa nekuchenjerera, sezvo zvakawandisa zvinogona kugadziriswa kubva mukushanda kwepfungwa dzemwana. Muchokwadi, vesaenzi vazhinji vanonetsekana kuti mamwe marabhabhu haasi kudzora kune vanovhiringidza sezvavaifanira.
Zvakare, uropi hwevacheche huri kukura nekukura pamwero unoshamisa, izvo zvinoita kuti kuenzanisa pakati pemazera akasiyana kuve kwakaoma. Neichi chikonzero, masayendisiti e BabyLab anga achishanda kwemakore mazhinji nenzira inogutsa yekuongorora hunhu hwevana nehunyanzvi sechinhu chakakosha.
Imwe yemhedziso yekutanga yezvidzidzo izvi ndeyekuti vacheche havaberekwi masiraidhi asina chinhu, sekutaura kwaPiaget. Nekudaro, ivo zvakare havana pfungwa senge vakuru pamusoro pezvinhu zvakaita senhamba. Vanoongorora vanoti mwana achangoberekwa ane zvido zvekutarisa zvinhu zvakaita sekumeso nekutaura, uye kuti zvishuwo izvi zvinoumba huropi sezvavanokura. Vanoti chokwadi chekuti vana vadiki vanofarira kutarisana nemaziso muenzaniso weizvi, sezvo izvi zvichivagadzirira kuti vatarise kumatunhu akakodzera munharaunda, zvinova zvinoita kuti vadzidze nezvemitauro uye zvimwe zvinongedzo, zvakaita se kumeso.
Autism neADHD zvazova izvo zvakanyanya kukoshesa Bhabhironi
Nguva-yekutarisa inoramba iri chishandiso chakakosha muLabhorkbeck murabhoritari uye kumwe kunhu, kunyangwe nhasi ichi chakasimbiswa kwete nekucherechedzwa kwevanhu, asi nehunyanzvi hwekuteedzera maziso. Ichi chiyero chakakosha kwazvo pakudzidza autism uye kusagadzikana senge ADHD.
Autism neADHD zvazove zvakakosha kukoshesa kweBabylab, uye kune akati wandei kuyedza kuyedza kunyatsonzwisisa kusagadzikana uku. Chikwata chinotarisira kuti misiyano yehuropi yakawanikwa pazera diki inogona rimwe zuva kupa zviratidzo zveatism, izvo zvisingawanzo kuongororwa pazuva rechitatu rekuzvarwa kwemwana. Ivo zvakare vane tariro yekuwana nzira yekudzora kukura kwehuropi kudzokera kune yakajairwa kosi.