Nhasi ndinopa kwamuri bvunzurudzo yatakaita naMaría Berrozpe, munyori webhuku richangoburitswa rakanzi "Kutapira Kurota", rakaburitswa naAlianza Editorial. Ini ndinofungidzira kuti harisi bhuku rine matipi ekuti mwana arara zvirinani, asi chishandiso kuna vanamai nemadzibaba kuita sarudzo dzakazvimiririra, asi pamusoro pezvose zvinoremekedza hunhu hwemhuri. Ruzivo 'isimba' uye ndizvo zvatinowana kubva pakuverenga kwaro. Izvo zvave zvichikwanisika nekuda kwekuongororwa uye kudzidza kwesainzi uye inodzidzisa zvinyorwa pamusoro pekurara kwehucheche.
María Berrozpe ane doctorate mune biology sainzi uye akatsaurira rake rehunyanzvi basa rekutsvaga, iro raanosanganisa nekurera vana vake vatatu. Anogara muZurich uye parizvino ari kuongorora nekudzidza zvese zvine chekuita nezve primal hutano uye kukura kwevana. Yedu protagonist nhasi ndiye zvakare munyori we Iyo Sayenzi Yevacheche Kurara (dandemutande rekuparadzirwa kwesainzi) uye iro bhuku "Hwaamai hutsva"; pamwe nekutarisisa kweLa Leche International League. Iwe unogona kuziva zvakawanda nezvazvo pa yake blog Reeducando a Mamá. Ndisati ndakusiya nehurukuro, ndinoda kukuudza kuti kana paine chinhu chinondinyengedza nezvebhuku rako idzva, ndizvozvo inopa chifananidzo chitsva chesaenzi yekurara kwevana, sezvo ichionekwa seyakabatanidzwa uye yakawanda multipisciplinary.
Kana iwe ukativerenga, iwe uri amai kana baba, uye kana uri, iwe uchazvibvunza wega mazuva ese, kana iwe unenge wakambozvibvunza iwe munguva yakapfuura (mune nyaya yekuve nevanasikana vakuru nevanakomana) 'zvekuita' kana mwana achinetseka kurara: Ndingarara naye here? Ndinoipfuudza riini kukamuri rako? Zvakanaka here kwandiri kuyamwisa husiku? Kune iyi mibvunzo, iwe unogona kuwana mhinduro dzinoenderana neyako tsika, dzimwe dzisingakubatsire, kunyangwe akawanda emazano ehunyanzvi ayo dzimwe nguva anova 'ekudzidzira nzira'. Mazhinji ekurudziro anozoita kuti vana vatambure, newe, uye haisi mhinduro nekuti hausi iwe unoita sarudzo dzinoenderana nenzira yako yekurera. Uye zvino kana:
Madres Hoy: Ichokwadi here kuti tiri kupupura izvo zvinotsanangurwa se 'denda' rekushaya hope kwehudiki? Kana ndikarangarira nemazvo, ndakaverenga imwe nguva muThe Sayenzi Yekurara Kwevana izvo zvinongowanikwa munharaunda dzekumadokero, chii chiri zvikonzero?
Maria Berrozpe: Munharaunda yedu tinoisa mamiriro ekurara kuvana vedu izvo zvisingaenderane nehunhu hwavo sechipiri vana vacheche, zvipuka uye mhuka. Tinoda kuti vavate voga kure nesu, ivo vachi “gadzirirwa” kuramba vachikurukura naamai vavo, kana mumwe munhu mukuru anovachengeta kana vasipo, maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva. Kupona kwavo kwakaenderana nazvo panguva yekushanduka kwedu. Vacheche havasati vaziva kuti nhasi ivo vanenge vakachengeteka vega mumubhedha wavo kana hammock. Kwavari ine njodzi uye inoburitsa kuvhunduka kwakawanda sekunge munguva dzekare vaionekwa nenzara dzemhuka dzinodya dzimwe mhuka.
MH: Iwe unofunga vanamai navanababa vakarasa chivimbo mukukwanisa kwedu kuva mubereki uye kuita zvakanaka? Chii chimwe chinhu chingatsanangure huwandu hwevashandi mumunda wevana ndiani anouya achitipa kurudziro yekuti vacheche vanofanira kurara kupi uye sei? Iwe haufunge here kuti akawandisa mazinga ekupindira asvika?
MB: Ini handikwanise kukuudza zvakanaka chaizvo kana tarasikirwa nazvo kana kuti zvakatorwa kubva kwatiri. Kubva pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX uye kutanga kwezana rechiXNUMX akateedzana emabasa ekudzidzisa inoratidza kupindirana kukuru kwevana vezvechiremba uye vezvepfungwa mukurera, iyo yakatanga kuenzanisa nhevedzano yemaitiro ehutsika hwetsika, muzita resainzi yekurapa. Vabereki vakarasa chivimbo uye isu takasiya mutoro unoenderana nesu mumaoko avo.
MH: Haisi iyo mhuri here iyo inofanirwa kubata chiremera chepamusoro pazvinhu zvekurera vana, kurara kwevana kunosanganisirwa?
MB: Ini ndinotenda izvo ndezvekusanganisira vese vatambi vanogona kubatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko. Rega nditsanangure: zviri pachena mushonga unokosha kugadzirisa mamiriro ekurwara. Kana isu tiine mwana ane fivhiri, chinhu chinonzwisisika kuita ndeyekuona chiremba. Mamwe masainzi anogona kutibatsira kutsanangura hunhu hwevana vedu, semuenzaniso, shanduko biology, neurology kana anthropology uye kuva neruzivo rwazvo kunogona kutibatsira zvakanyanya mukurera. Asi pakupedzisira isu tiri vabereki vanofanirwa kutora sarudzo madiro atinoita kubereka uye hunhu hwedu neruzivo hazvifanire kurerutswa nechero resainzi yesainzi, kusanganisira mushonga.
MH: Chaizvoizvo, kana iwe uchifunga zvisina basa, kuvimba ne 'nzira dzekudzidzisa' kuti vana vedu vavate ndicho chinhu chinoshamisa, asi zvakare ndezvekuti, sekuverenga kwandakaita mune dzimwe kubvunzurudza kwawakaitirwa: kurara kwevana 'kwakazvidza ruzivo izvo zvimwe zvinangwa zvinogona kubatsira. Iwe unoda here kutiudza isu chimwe chinhu chakanyanya kukosha nezve izvo biology inounza nezve 'kurara' kwevana?
MB: Chinhu chakanyanya kukosheswa ndechekuti isu tiri chechipiri mhuka dzakakwirira saka takagadzirwa kuti tigare tichisangana naamai vedu kuti tigodyiswa kazhinji. Asi kurara kwevana kwakateedzera kwese kutsvagurudza kwayo pamusoro pezana ramakore rapfuura pakudzidza kwemucheche anorara ega uye anodyiswa muhombodo, sekutaura kunoita muzvinafundo weanthropology James McKenna.
Nenzira iyi, akarara oga kurara semuenzaniso une hutano, achienzanisa uye achiregeredza kuti aya mamiriro anoenderana nemwana mucheche. Ndokusaka uyu muongorori achitsanangura izwi rekuti Kubata Kurara sechiitiko chitsva chekutsvagisa pamusoro pekurara kwevana
MH: Kana iwe uchiti vana vedu vanoona zvichinetsa kuchinjira kune izvo zvetsika zvatinoda kuti tiite, unorevei?
MB: Tiri kuedza kuvamanikidza kuti varare vega pazera iro uropi hwavo husati hwagadzirira kunzwisisa kuti hapana njodzi uye kuti vakanaka nenzira iyoyo. Kana isu tinobvisa yavo yekunwa husiku uye tinotarisira kuti vachasimbisa kurara husiku hwese pamazera apo kuvaka kwavo kwekurara kuchiri kuchinja uye zvakajairika kuti vanotambura kumutswa kwemanheru uko kwavanoti muchengeti wavo uye vanoda kudyisa.
Oskar Jenni, chiremba wevana paZürich Children's Hospital, akaunza pfungwa ye "kunaka kwekugwinya" muchimiro chekurara kwehucheche kunyatso kureva mamiriro ezvinhu etsika nemagariro anoremekedza zvinodiwa nemwana nekuchinjika. Kana kunaka kwekugadzirisa kusingaremekedzwe, isu takatarisana nehurombo hwekugadzirisa, izvo zvinoitika kana zvinoda nharaunda zvakapfuura kugona kwemwana kugadzirisa. Mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kutungamira kumatambudziko chaiwo. Sekureva kwaJenni, kupindira kwekiriniki kunofanirwa kuita kuremekedza runako rwekugwinya, uye kwete kuita kuti mwana arare ega chero zvakadii.
MH: Vana vanoda vabereki vavo husiku here? Chii chinoitika muuropi hwemwana anosara ega husiku, achiregeredza kuchema kwake? Uye ndeipi mhedzisiro yaingave nayo mukukura kwayo?
MB: Vacheche vanoda basa rekutarisira remuchengeti wavo, kunyanya amai vavo, kukudziridza hutano hwakanaka uye hunoenderana nekunetseka. Mamiriro akashungurudza akatambura nekusiiwa, senge rima remumba mako uri wega, anogona kumutsa mhinduro ine chepfu iyo ine mhedzisiro inokuvadza pahutano hwako hwepfungwa nemuviri munguva pfupi nepfupi.
Parizvino hapana zvidzidzo zvakaringana kuongorora mhedzisiro yekushushikana kunoitwa nehunyanzvi hwekudzidzisa maererano nekuchema, nevadziviriri vacho vanonamatira pane izvo. Asi isu tinogona kuburitsa mhedzisiro kubva kune zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kushushikana kunogadzirwa nekutarisirwa kusingateereri (samai vakaora mwoyo) kwakakwana kukonzera kukuvara kukuru. Zvimwewo zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti vacheche vanobvumidzwa kuchema kudzamara vabatwa nehope ivo vachiri vachiri kunetsekana kana varega kuchema, zvichikonzera kusagadzikana pakati pezvavanoratidza nezvavanonzwa.
Uye kune rimwe divi, zvakaonekwawo kuti kurovana kwevana vane mhinduro ine hutano kune zvinyoro-nyoro zvinonetsa zvezuva nezuva, sekugezesa. Zvese izvi zvinotitungamira kuti titende kuti kurega vana vachichema kuti "vadzidze" kurara kunogona kukurudzira zvakanyanya kudzora kwekuita kwavo kunetseka, kunova nekwakanakira hutano hwavo.
MH: Ichokwadi here kuti kubatana kurara itsika yakajairika mune dzimwe tsika? Pamusoro pekuve mufambisi wekuyamwisa, Ndezvipi zvimwe zvakanaka zvinevacheche naamai vavo kana vanababa?
MB: Muvacheche vadiki, kurara-pamwe kunobatsira kudzora tembiricha yavo, kurova kwemoyo uye kunyange kurara kwekuvaka, izvo zvinotungamira kune iri nani metabolic adapta kune hupenyu kunze kwechibereko.
Sezvo mwana anokura, anokwanisa kudzora fizikisi yake ega, asi acharamba achikweverwa kuti abonderane naamai vake. Uku ndiko kuita chaiko uye kunogona kuve chiitiko chakakosha kune wese munhu. Izvo zvinonyadzisa chaizvo kuti mutsika yedu zvave zviripo, uye zvichiri zvimwe zvikamu, zvakashatiswa nedhimoni, zvichidzivirira vana vazhinji kuti vasanakirwe nazvo.
Vanamai vanounganidza vanopindura zvirinani kune zvirevo kubva kuvacheche vavo, uye zvakare vanogutsikana nekuchengetwa kwavo. Kune rimwe divi, zvakaratidzirwa kuti vabati-mubereki vevabereki vane mashoma ezasi e testosterone, ayo anokanganisa maitiro avo evabereki.
MH: Ini ndinofunga inguva inguva yekuti iwe utitaurire zvatichawana mubhuku, Sei iwe uchifunga kuti tichaifarira?
MB: Nekuti iyo ichakupa iwe izere, yakawanda multidisciplinary uye yakagadziriswa mamiriro ekurara kwehucheche. Iri bhuku harina mashiripiti mabikirwo evana ekurara asi iwo ruzivo rwunogona kubatsira iwe kuti uwane nzira yakanakisa yekuti iwe nevana vako muvate muchifara.
MH: Inogona kunge isiri tsika yako yekupa 'tsika' kuraira kuvaverengi vedu, asi unoita sei kuti zvive nyore kuti mwana kana mwana mudiki arere achifara uye ave nerunyararo hope? Kana paine chero mwana ane hutano anozopedzisira arara 'zvakanaka' pane imwe nguva muhudiki hwake, Chii chingave chinzvimbo chevakuru vanochichengeta?
MB: Basa revakuru ndere kupa kuchengetedzeka. Ini ndinotenda kuti vanhu vese, vana nevakuru, isu chatinonyanya kuda kurara zvakanaka kunyatsonzwa kunzwa takachengeteka.
Uye kana bvunzurudzo yapera, ndinogona kungotenda Maria zvakanyanya nekuburitsa bhuku rake kwatiri uye, pamusoro pezvose, nekupa chiratidzo chekuremekedza chakadai chehope dzevana. Zvaifadza 🙂.