La ukufikisa Eli linqanaba lobomi apho umzimba wenkwenkwe, kunye nowentombazana, uqala ukufumana amava utshintsho olukhulu. Ngolu tshintsho, kokubini ingqondo nomzimba zilungiselela ukuba ngabantu abadala. Nangona kunjalo, olu tshintsho alwenzeki kuzo zonke kwaye zonke ngaxeshanye, okanye kwinqanaba elifanayo.
Kungenxa yoko le nto sithetha ngayo izigaba ezahlukeneyo okanye imimangaliso yokufikisa, kunye neenkqubo zokuvuthwa zombini ngokwasemoyeni, ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba. Okungakumbi okanye ngaphantsi oku kukuvumelana malunga nezi zigaba: ngaphambi kwexesha lokufikisa, ixesha lokufikisa kunye nokufikisa kade.
Ukufundwa kwexesha
Singaqwalasela ukuba ubutsha eYurophu buya ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-8 ukuya kweli-11. Sithetha ke ngamasiko abizwa ngokuba lihlabathi lokuqala. Kweli nqanaba kukho utshintsho phakathi kobuntwana kunye nokufikisa. Ihambelana kwangoko nokufikisa.
Kweli nqanaba, njengakwezinye, kukho utshintsho emzimbeni, emphefumlweni nasengqondweni. Elinye lamanqwanqwa aqala ukuvela kweli nqanaba yinkqubela phambili ekucingeni ngendlela engaqondakaliyo. Amakhwenkwe namantombazana aqala ukucinga iimeko zokucinga okanye imisebenzi yolwazi kunye nemathematika. Uqala ukukhathazeka kwaye ulinganise okunokwenzeka iziphumo yezenzo zabo. Le yenye yeendlela zokuqala zokucinga ezivuthiweyo.
Kwakhona lixesha lokungena kwi iindima zesini. Ukudideka okanye isiqinisekiso sivelisiwe ukunqanda iingcinga ezinxaxhileyo ezinxulumene nembonakalo kunye nokuziphatha kwindima phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi.
Ixesha lokufikisa
Ukufikisa ebusheni kusekwe phakathi kweminyaka ye-11 kunye ne-15. Lixesha lokuba utshintsho lwehomoni. Umzimba utshintsho ngokupheleleyo, utshintsho kwilizwi, ukukhula kwezihlunu kunye namalungu esini. Amantombazana nawo aneenguqu kwilizwi, kodwa olona tshintsho lubonakalayo kukukhula kwesifuba, iinwele ze-pubic, kunye nokwandiswa kwesinqe. Kukho ukonyuka kwamafutha omzimba.
Ngexesha lokufikisa, amandla okucinga ngokungaqondakaliyo ayoyiswa ngokupheleleyo. Ungaphuma kwikhonkrithi kwaye wenze uhlalutyo lokufumana izisombululo ezininzi kunye nezinye iindlela. Inkqubo ye- ubandlululo yenzeka ukuba ibaluleke kakhulu, izingqinisiso zifunwa ngaphandle kosapho. Iqela linceda umntwana ofikisayo ukuba akwazi ukumelana neemeko ezinokuphikisana, ezinje ngokusilela kwesikolo, ukuba buhlungu kwentliziyo okanye ukungavisisani nabazali. Iya kuba yeyona iphambili, okanye iphantse ibe ngowona mthombo wolwazi. Yindlela yokwakha ukuzithemba nokuzithemba kwakho.
Uninzi lwabakwishumi elivisayo kweli nqanaba banokungonwabi kubo umzimba omtsha wabantu abadala kwaye uwufihle. Baza kuqala ukubonisa iintloni zokuba ze kunye nakwimbonakalo yothando oluvela kubantu abadala.
Ukufikisa emva kwexesha
Esi sisigaba sokugqibela samanqanaba okufikisa, kwaye ngokwe-WHO yenzeka phantse phakathi kweminyaka eli-15 neli-19. Abanye abaphandi bajonga ukuba esi sigaba asihlukanga kakhulu ekubeni mdala. Kungenxa yokuba ikhona kwiinkcubeko ezithile, njengakwethu umzekelo, kodwa hayi kwezinye. Nangona kunjalo, impembelelo engqondweni Eli nqanaba kuluntu lwethu luyinyani kwaye, ke ngoko, lubandakanya uthotho lwezinto ezibalulekileyo eziphembelela inkqubo yokuvuthwa komntwana ofikisayo.
Eli linqanaba apho i isazela sentlalo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba abantu abatsha banomdla kwimibutho yezentlalo okanye kwezopolitiko. Iindidi ezimbini zeendlela ezibonakala ngathi ziyaphikisana okanye amanyathelo abonakalayo: prosocial kunye antisocial. Kukulahla ubugwenxa obuqhelekileyo kumanqanaba angaphambili, nangona unganyamalali ngokupheleleyo.
Kwinqanaba lomzimba, bobabini kwaye bafikelele kwi- 95% yophuhliso lwayoBanoluvo olulungileyo lomzimba wabo, bayawukhathalela ngaphandle koxinzelelo loontanga, kwaye nengqondo iyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ngokufikisa emva kwexesha, abazali baziva besondele kulutsha, kwaye ngokufanayo. Ngumzuzu wokuqala kokulingana koomama, kunye nomzuzu wamathuba abantwana.