Iintsana zinendlela ekhethekileyo yokukhula ngaphakathi kwisibeleko sikanina. Banezidingo ezifanayo, malunga nokutya kunye ne-oxygen ethatha, kodwa abakasebenzisi inkqubo yokugaya okanye yokuphefumla. Imiphunga iya kwakheka ngexesha lonke lokukhulelwa, kodwa abasayi kuzisebenzisa de babe bazalwe, kungoko siyabuza Indlela abantwana abaphefumla ngayo ngaphakathi kwesisu somfazi okhulelweyo.
Siyazi inimba, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi asazi ukuba yiyiphi imisebenzi ebonakala kwisibeleko somfazi okhulelweyo. Lo mbhobho bhetyebhetye udibanisa umbungu kwi-placenta kwaye uya kuyinceda ifumane izondlo ezifunekayo kunye neoksijini. Kule migca ilandelayo sinika iinkcukacha zendlela eziyimisebenzi kunye nokuba kubaluleke kangakanani na ekukhuleni komntwana.
Uphefumla njani umntwana ngaphakathi esiswini somfazi okhulelweyo?
Usana okanye usana ludinga ukutya kunye neoksijini ukuze sikhule kwaye siphuhlise. Akanakuyenza njengoko sisazi, kodwa uyazithatha ezi zinto ngentambo yombilical.
Inkaba idibanisa usana kwiplacenta, i-placenta yakhe nayo idityaniswe kwisibeleko sikamama. Imveku engekazalwa ayisebenzisi imiphunga yayo ukuphefumla, kodwa ikwenza oko ngentambo yombilical. Ioksijini iqukuqela kwi-umbilical vein ukuya entliziyweni ize isasazeke kuwo wonke umzimba.
Emva igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo ezilishumi elinambini ngenkaba ukuya esibelekweni, apho ithatha ioksijini kwakhona ukuze ibuyele kusana. Ngale nkqubo, ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-oksijini efunekayo lulawulwa, ngaphandle kokuba kubekho i-surplus okanye naluphi na uhlobo lwe-saturation.
Imisebenzi yentambo ye-umbilical
El inimba idibanisa i-fetus kwi-placenta. Luhlobo lombhobho oguquguqukayo owondla umntwana ngeoksijini kunye nezondlo. Inomlinganiselo ojikeleze i-56 cm. Ubume bayo kunye nomsebenzi yinxalenye yokuphuhliswa kokukhulelwa okupheleleyo, ekubeni ngeemitha zombini ze-umbilical umntwana unokondliwa ngokuchanekileyo.
Imiphunga yenziwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa
- Imiphunga yosana iqalisa ukukhula kwiveki yesihlanu yokumitha, apho zikhula ngokuthe ngcembe de zenze i-alveoli.
- Phakathi kweeveki 7 ukuya kwi-16 Umthi we-bronchial kunye nezakhiwo ezixhasa imiphunga (i-cartilage, imithambo yegazi kunye nezihlunu) ziqala ukwenza.
- kwiveki ye13 Umntwana uya kuqalisa ukuphefumla i-amniotic fluid encinci kwaye ayikhuphe, oku kuya kuba sisigaba sakhe esincinci sokulungiselela.
- Entre iiveki 17 ukuya 27 I-bronchi iya kuqala ukwahlula ibe yi-bronchioles kwaye apho i-pneumocytes kunye ne-surfactant iya kuqala ukubonakala, into evimbela i-alveoli ukuba ibambene xa iphefumla umoya.
- Ukusuka iveki 28 ukuya 36 I-alveoli yokuqala ibonakala kwaye iya kwenziwa ngokusesikweni kunye nesakhiwo sonke semiphunga kude kube ngumzuzu wokuzalwa.
Imiphunga lilungu lokugqibela ukugqiba ukukhula ngexesha lokukhulelwa. ekubeni intambo yombilical ithatha indawo yomsebenzi wayo ngaphandle kwengxaki. Usana luhlala phantsi kwamanzi kwindawo ehlala emanzini ebizwa i-amniotic fluid kwaye apho imiphunga yakho iya kuzaliswa ngolu lwelo.
Ukuphazamiseka kweoksijini ngexesha lokukhulelwa
Ukuphazamiseka kweoksijini kunokwenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Omnye unobangela usenokuba ukufinyela okunamandla ngokugqithisileyo okanye xa kukho a i-uterine hyperstimulation. Ukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga okanye ngokungafanelekanga kwe-oxytocin kunokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubeni ngunobangela wale nyaniso.
Ngexesha lokukhulelwa ungadala kwakhona ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yeoksijini kwi placenta, mhlawumbi ngenxa ye-placenta previa, i-placenta abruption, usulelo lwentsholongwane, i-anemia okanye ulwakhiwo olungaqhelekanga lwe-hemoglobin. Ukuphazamiseka kweoksijini ngentambo ye-umbilical inokuba yenye yezizathu, apho kuya kufuneka senze khona funda nzulu ukuba kutheni isenzeka.
Kuze kube yilapho umntwana azalwe, ummangaliso ode ulindelwe awuyi kwenzeka. Ude udlule kumsele wokuzalwa okanye uzalwe ngecandelo lotyando, impumlo yakho kunye nomlomo awuyi kulungele ukuvulwa kwaye sezela umoya okokuqala. Oku kuxa uphefumla emoyeni kwaye imiphunga yakho iya kwanda, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ioksijini ihanjiswe ngegazi ukuze uphile.