El Ukuphazamiseka kwembonakalo yengqondo (ASD) kukukhubazeka okuphuhlisayo okuchaphazela unxibelelwano lwasentlalweni, unxibelelwano, umdla kunye nokuziphatha komntu onengxaki kulo. Iimpawu ze ASD zihlala zifumaneka ebantwaneni abaphakathi konyaka omnye ukuya kwemithathu, ngenani eliphezulu lamakhwenkwe achongiweyo kunamantombazana. Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ngeentsomi malunga nengxaki ye-autistic ngokukodwa (kodwa kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba kwi-ASD sinokufumana i-Asperger's Syndrome kunye ne-PDD okanye i-Generalized Developmental Disorder, ukongeza kwi-Autistic Disorder).
Nangona kungekho 'nyango' kuba ayisosifo, kukho iindlela zokuthetha nolwimi, unyango lwasemsebenzini, inkxaso kwezemfundo kunye nongenelelo nabazali, baya kumnceda umntwana onoluphazamiseko ukuba aphuhlise amandla akhe. Okwangoku kusekho ezinye iintsomi ezifanele ukubhuqwa ukuze abantu baqale ukuqonda ngcono ukuba yintoni ingxaki ye-autistic.
Autism ichaphazela intetho kuphela kodwa hayi izakhono zentlalo
Uninzi lweenkxalabo abazali abanazo malunga nabantwana babo abane-autism kukuba inokuchaphazela indawo ngakumbi kunentetho, kwaye kunjalo. Autism ichaphazela ulwimi, unxibelelwano, kunye nezakhono zentlalo:
- Ukulibaziseka ekukhuleni kwentetho
- Ukungaboni kakuhle emehlweni nabanye abantu
- Incinci okanye akukho mpendulo kunxibelelwano nabanye
- Iipateni ezingaqhelekanga zokuziphatha ezinjengokubambelela ngokuqinileyo kwiinkqubo, ukuxhathisa utshintsho, ukuphindaphinda ukunyakaza, ukugqithisa, njl
- Inomdla kwizinto ezinomxholo othile, ukubeka izinto ukuze uzijonge, njl.
Kodwa kubantwana abadala kunye nabakwiminyaka yokuhamba isikolo, kusenokubakho nezinye iimpawu ezixhalabisa abazali babo ezingaphezulu kwezakhono zentlalo:
- Kunzima ukwenza abahlobo
- Ingqondo ephosakeleyo yentlalo
- Kubonakala krwada okanye kungakhathalelwa kwabanye, kuswele uvelwano
- Babonakala bengathobeli ngenxa yokuba bengayiqondi imigaqo yentlalo
- Umdla omncinci kwincoko nabanye abantu
- Iindlela eziqinileyo kunye nokumelana notshintsho
Kuthatha iminyaka ukuqinisekisa isifo se-autism
Abantwana kunye neentsapho ezinokufikelela kwisifo se-autism kwiNkonzo yaBantwana yezeMpilo yeNgqondo baya kuba nakho ukufumanisa ukuba ingaba umntwana wabo une-autism na. Ukuthunyelwa kungenziwa ngugqirha wakho okanye ugqirha wabantwana, kwanonyango. Ukuba abazali barhanela ukuba kunokubakho uphuhliso olungaqhelekanga okanye barhanela ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba kubekho amathuba e-autism, kwayeEmva koko kuyakufuneka uye kugqirha wabantwana ukuvavanya ukuthunyelwa ukuvavanya umntwana.
Oku kuthunyelwa kungalinda iinyanga ade afunyanwe umntwana, kodwa ukuba abazali bafuna ukuxilongwa kwangoko, kuya kufuneka baye kwicandelo labucala. Kule meko, iimvavanyo zokuqonda isifo kunye neengxelo kufuneka zihlawulwe ukongeza kuvavanyo lokuqala okanye udliwanondlebe kwaye zihlala zibiza. Kuko konke oku, kubalulekile ukuba abazali bavavanye ukuba bakhetha ukukhathalelwa licandelo likarhulumente (ngokulinda kodwa ngaphandle kweendleko zezemali) okanye licandelo likarhulumente (ngaphandle kokulinda kodwa ngendleko eziphezulu zoqoqosho).
Autism ichaphazela abantwana kuphela
Kukho abantu abacinga ukuba i-autism ichaphazela abantwana abancinci kuphela, Kodwa inyani kukuba i-autism sisifo esingapheliyo sokukhula. Abantwana nolutsha olunale meko baya kuqhubeka ukuba nobunzima kwizakhono zentlalo kunye nonxibelelwano ngokuthelekiswa nabantu abakubudala babo.
Sisifo esikhulayo esifunyenwe ebuntwaneni kodwa sihlala ixesha lokuphila. Akukho 'nyango', akukho lunyango lonyango… Kuyimfuneko nje ukuba usebenze ubhaqiwe ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi babantu abane-autism kwihlabathi esiphila kulo.
Akukho nto inokwenziwa ngabantu abane-autism
Nangona kungekho 'nyango' lwe-autism, kuninzi okunokwenziwa kubo, ukubanceda kunye nokwenza lula inkqubela phambili kunye nokufunda kwabo. Ayisiyiyo kuphela iziyobisi ezifanelekileyo kunyango lwe-autism. Bakwadinga unyango nentetho kunye nolwimi, unyango lwasemsebenzini, unyango lwezengqondo, unyango lwengqondo, kunye nokuphucula izakhono zentlalo ngokufunda kwakhona. Konke oku kungakhokelela kuphuculo olukhulu kubantwana abane-ASD. Olu nyango, ukuba luyagcinwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, luya kuvelisa iziphumo ezintle.
Ngokukhawuleza ukuba kufunyaniswe isifo se-autism somntwana, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sikwazi ukutyala ixesha elaneleyo kukhuthazo lwabo ukuqinisekisa ukuphucuka okuza kubonakala ngomsebenzi ozinzileyo ekuhambeni kwexesha, zombini ziingcali kunye nabafazi.intsapho.
Awunakuhlala uxela ukuba umntu une-autism
Xa kunokwenzeka ukuba umntwana abe ne-ASD ngenxa yeempawu ezibonakaliswa kukuziphatha kwakhe, uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lokukhula luya kufuneka. Kukho iimeko ezinokwenza ukuba kubonakale ngathi umntwana une-autism, kodwa kuyafuneka ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo ngokubanzi, olubanzi kunye nangaphezulu kwako konke ukulawula ezinye izizathu ezinokubangela iimpawu zokuziphatha kwabo. Naluphi na uvavanyo luyimfuneko.
Ezinye zeempawu ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo ukongeza kwizakhono zentlalo zezi:
- Ubunzima bokufunda ngokubanzi okanye ukulibaziseka ekukhuleni, kubangela ukuba umntwana abe nokulibaziseka ekuthetheni ukuqonda okungalunganga kokunxibelelana noluntu
- Ukuthetha ngokukodwa kunye nokuphazamiseka kolwimi, okwenza kube nzima emntwaneni ukunxibelelana nokunxibelelana ekuhlaleni nabanye abantu
- Ubunzima beemvakalelo, ezinje ngexhala, ukuziva ungakhuselekanga, ukungazithembi, njl. Konke oku kubangela ukuba umntwana aziphathe ngendlela engalunganga
Nje ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lophuhliso ngokubanzi kwaye iziphumo zibonisa i-autism, kuya kufuneka kwenziwe uxilongo ngakumbi.. Uvavanyo oluthile lokujonga umntwana kufuneka lwenziwe ukuze kufunyanwe uninzi lweempawu kwaye lube nakho ukuluvavanya. Ukuba umntwana ufunda enkulisa okanye esikolweni, ulwazi olunokunikwa ziingcali kwezemfundo malunga nendlela umntwana aziphatha ngayo kunye nemisebenzi ayenzayo esikolweni nayo iya kubaluleka kakhulu. Ukuxilongwa kusekelwe kulwazi oluqokelelwe kuzo zonke ezi zinto zingasentla kunye nokuthelekisa neendlela ekuvunyelwene ngazo kwilizwe liphela.
Abantwana abanoluphazamiseko ngongenelelo lwakwangoko kubo bonke ubomi babanobomi obulungileyo, kwaye nangona benomahluko koontanga babo, banokonwaba kakhulu.