Ubudala phakathi kweenyanga ezili-12 kunye neminyaka emi-3 ngokungathandabuzekiyo lixesha lemilingo kwinto uMaría Montessori ayibiza ngokuba lixesha elibuthathaka. Sikulo xesha lokuvuthwa apho abantwana bethu baya kuba ngaphezulu kwabo bonke "abaphandi abakhulu"Bafuna ukuchukumisa yonke into, umhlaba sele uvulekile phambi kwabo ngewaka lezinto abafuna ukuzenza kwaye baya kufikelela kuzo ngokufikelela izandla zabo: ukuhamba nokuthetha ekugqibeleni.
Sele sikwisigaba apho unxibelelwano luqala khona ukukhula kwaye apho thina, Siza kuba ngabo bayili bemihla ngemihla ekufuneka sithandile ukukhula kwabo, ukwanda kwabo, ukuqonda kwabo yonke into ebangqongileyo.. Es un momento increíble en la vida de tu hijo y en «Madres Hoy» queremos darte adecuadas pautas basadas en izicwangciso ukuba Montessori usishiyile. Ngokuqinisekileyo baya kuba luncedo kuwe.
Iindlela zeMontessori: ukufunda ngokudlala
Sele sikulelo xesha xa abantwana bengasalali ixesha elide. Amehlo abo avulelwe kwilizwe elisondeleyo elibangqongileyo kwaye yonke imihla bayakothusa ngegama elitsha, kunye nebinzana elikumangalisayo kunye nenqanaba elingaphaya kwemida apho ngequbuliso, yonke into sele isesandleni sakho.
Unyana wakho uba ngumhloli olungileyo kwaye kufuneka ubeke umhlaba phambi kwakhe ukhathalelo lokhuseleko lwakhe, kodwa uthande ukufundwa kwakhe kangangoko. Singayiphumeza ngayiphi indlela? Ngokudlala.
Ngoku, ayisiyiyo kwaphela eyokumshiya kuloo paki yokudlala kwigumbi lakhe eneetyhubhu ezinemibala nonodoli. Ngale ndlela, into esiyenzayo "ukunciphisa" uninzi lwezo zinto sizikhuthazayo ekhaya.
- UMaría Montessori uqhoboshele ukubaluleka kokudlala njengesicwangciso sokufunda. Ukwenza oku, wayila izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye neefenitshala ukufezekisa oku.
- Ukutya ukutya ekhaya kunokwenza njalo. Umbono kukubonelela ngobuninzi bokuvuselela uvakalelo.
- Ukudlala kukuhlola. Ngayo sikhuthaza into ebizwa ngokuba yi "pruning of the synapse"Ngamanye amagama, siqhubeka ukugxila kwingqondo, emva koko siphucula iinkqubo ezisisiseko zokuqonda.
- Ngokudlala, abantwana mabazame indawo abahlala kuyo ngendlela ekhuselekileyo, ukuze bafunde indlela yokuziphatha, basombulule iingxaki kwaye baziqhelanise neemeko ezintsha.
- LIzicwangciso zomdlalo we Montessori zisekwe ngaphezulu kwayo yonke imeko yokudala iimeko ezikufutshane nehlabathi lokwenyani. Ngale ndlela, simanyanisa umntwana nehlabathi, kwaye sikhuthaza ukhuseleko lwabo, ubuhlobo kunye nentembeko.
- Kufuneka sithathe inxaxheba kumdlalo, kwaye emva koko, kwaye njengoko umntwana ekhula, kubalulekile ukuba nonxibelelwano nomntwana ukumvumela ukuba adlale nabanye abahlobo, nokuba baneminyaka eyahlukeneyo.
Fumanisa umhlaba ngeemeko zokwenyani
Akufuneki sinciphise abantwana bethu kuphela kwigumbi labo. Siyazi ukuba ubudala obuphakathi kweenyanga ezili-12 kunye neminyaka emi-3 ubudala, basabonakala ngathi "ziintsana" kuthi, kodwa lixesha apho ukutsiba kwabo kukhulu kuphantse kube yinto entle. Yiyo loo nto kukho imfuneko yokukhuthaza, ukubasondeza kwiimeko ezintsha, ukuba basebenze njengezikhokelo zemihla ngemihla kwinyathelo ngalinye, nakwilizwi ngalinye labo.
Siyazi ukuba akusoloko kulula ukufumana izinto ezifanelekileyo ekhaya, kodwa kukho uhlobo "lweepaki" ezincinci ezenziwe ngomthi apho singasa khona umntwana naphina endlwini ngokuzolileyo. Kuzo unokuma okanye uhlale. Kwizicwangciso zeMontessori, injongo iya kuba koku kulandelayo:
- Menze athathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yasekhaya. Xa sisekhitshini, umzekelo, sinokuyivumela ukuba idlale ngemifuno, nesonka, ngesikhunta se-silicone apho senza khona iidessert. Kuyenzeka ukuba benze iresiphi elula kunye nabo, ebavumela ukuba bangcoliswe ngumgubo, ukuziva amavumba.
- Sinokwenza okufanayo noxanduva lwasekhaya. Kuyathandeka ukuba bahambe kancinci, bebeka iithoyi zabo, belala iibhedi zabo, besazi ukuba ziyaphi iimpahla zabo.
- Sikwacebisa ukuba nendawo encinci yendalo. Izityalo kufuneka zikhathalelwe, iimbewu ukuze zihlume njengeelenti zeklasikhi, iinkukhu ...
- Iithoyi mazibe zezizandla, zithanda ukudlala okomfuziselo, ukulungelelaniswa kwamehlo.
Sikhuthaza ulwimi lwakho ngokuzolileyo, ngaphandle koxinzelelo
Siyazi ukuba bakuloo minyaka apho eyona nto ixhalabisayo kuthi kukuba baqala ukuthetha nokulawula ukulungisa ulwimi ngokukhawuleza, ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo. Ngoku dKuya kufuneka siphumle kwaye siqwalasele ukuba umntwana ngamnye unesingqi sakhe esikhulayo, kwaye uxinzelelo, okanye uxinzelelo lwethu alulilo iqabane elilungileyo kwezi meko.
- Ulwimi ngokuqinisekileyo lolona phawu lubalaseleyo lomntu, kwaye siya kuba sisalathiso salo semihla ngemihla. Thina bayili bayo.
- Thetha nomntwana wakho ngalo lonke ixesha uzolile, mnike ukuzithemba, ukhuseleko. Umntwana uya kuyazi imihla ngemihla ezo zandi, intsingiselo yazo yokubonisa ... Kwaye leyo yinto eyakwenzeka ngokwexesha labo lokuvuthwa. Awunakukhathazeka.
- EKukulungele ukuba uyazise kwiimeko zemihla ngemihla. Thetha naye ngelixa usiya kuthenga, xa ubukele umabonwakude, ekhitshini, ngelixa utyala loo mbewu kwiimbiza. Iimeko zemihla ngemihla zibangela inkuthazo ebonakalayo inxulumene neemvakalelo kunye namagama.
Uphuhliso lwePsychomotor ngelixa kufunyanwa umhlaba
Indlu yethu inokuba yindawo entle yokufumana izinto, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ukukhula kunye nokuphuhlisa izakhono zabo zengqondo ngendlela efanelekileyo. ¿Yiyiphi indlela esinokukhuthaza ngayo ukukhula kwengqondo kwabo, ngelixa sikhuthaza ukuzimela kunye nokuzimela kwabo?
UMaría Montessori ucebise oku kulandelayo kuthi:
Indawo evuselelayo nelawulwayo
Sifuna ukukhuthaza izakhono zabo zemoto, kwaye oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphucula ukulungelelaniswa kwezandla zakho (i-digital clamp), kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukumangaliswa, ukuba nomdla. Ungathandabuzi ukwenza izinto ezintsha mihla le:
- Ukuba sisekhitshini mnike ii-ertyisi azithathe azifake ekomityini.
- Makube nguye otyala imbewu embizeni
- Beka izinto endlwini eziphakamileyo kwaye abanokuzilawula: iincwadi kwiishelufa ezisezantsi, izinto zabo kwiitafile eziphantsi kwaye zihlala zigcina ucwangco.
- Ilungiselela ukuba inxibelelane nomphezulu weemilo ezahlukeneyo kunye noburhabaxa: ukhuni, umhlaba, isanti, amatye, amalaphu, iplastiki, ukutya ... Zonke ezi zizinto ezikhuthazayo esinokuthi sizibeke ezandleni zakho ngolawulo olululo.
Kwakhona kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo ukuba umntwana ngamnye unesingqisho, kwaye luxanduva lwethu njengabazali ukusihlonipha. Sukuba nexhala lokuba bafike kwiinyanga ezili-16 kwaye abakafiki. Ngokwendlela yeMontessori, kuya kuhlala kulunge ngakumbi ukuhlonipha ixesha lomntwana kwaye umyeke akhule ngokukhululekileyo.
Ngamanye amagama, akufuneki sibathenge i-playpen okanye i-classic "tacataca". Masihambe ngokukhululekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo, makaphonononge, aphakame xa efuna, erhubuluza, erhubuluza… Abantwana abaphakathi kweenyanga ezili-12 kunye neminyaka emi-3 ubudala bangabahloli bezendalo, kwaye le miba yemihla ngemihla yenkululeko naphantsi kolawulo lwakho iya kubavumela ukuba bakhule ngemvisiswano efanelekileyo.
Kamva kuza ezinye iimbopheleleko, phakathi kweminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwe-6 la maxesha abuthathaka ayaqhubeka kwaye ukusuka apha, siyakukhuthaza ukuba ubazi ngokwembono yeMontessori.