Ukuba ukhulelwe amawele, zinokubakho izinto ezininzi ezikukhathazayo, ezinje ngento enokwenzeka ukuba bazalwa kwangoko. Ukuqala komzimba kukubeka emngciphekweni uninzi lokuphindaphindeka kobuso, kunye neziphumo zoluhlu lokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokubeleka ukusuka kwi-minuscule ukuya kusongela ubomi. Ngaphezulu kwama-50% amawele, ama-90% amawele amathathu kunye nama-quadruplets, kwaye phantse zonke ii-multiples zodidi oluphezulu zizalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, okanye ngaphambi kweveki yama-37 yokukhulelwa. Ukuzalwa kwangoko, kokukhona kunokwenzeka umngcipheko weengxaki kubantwana.
Inkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji ivumele iintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha ukuba zibenombono ongcono ngobomi, ke, zihlala ixesha elide. Nangona ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kwexesha kuye kwanda kwaye kuhlala kungoyena nobangela wokufa kweentsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa kunye neyesibini ekhokelela ekuswelekeni kwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala.
Iziphumo zokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha
Abazali kufuneka baliqonde ifuthe leentsana zokuba ngaphambi kwexesha njengoko zinokuchukumisa iintsapho ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Kwezinye iintsapho, umntwana ongaphambi kwexesha uya kuthetha kuphela ukuhlala esibhedlele okanye ukuhlala ixesha elifutshane esibhedlele ekuzalweni kwaye akukho nto iyenye. Kwezinye iimeko, nangona kunjalo, oko kunokuthetha ukuhlala okuninzi esibhedlele kunye nokulandelelana kobomi bonke.
Yintoni egqiba ngaphezulu okanye okungaphantsi kwe-sequelae kwiintsana yiveki yokuzalwa. Iintsana ezizalwe kufutshane nomhla wazo omiselweyo ziya kubanqabile ukuba nazo ube neengxaki kamva kuba uya kuba nexesha elaneleyo lokukwazi ukukhula esibelekweni sikanina.
Ezona zinto zixhalabisayo
Isibeleko yindawo efanelekileyo yokukhula kweentsana. Xa bezelwe kwangethuba kakhulu, amalungu abo akaphuhlanga kakuhle kwaye ke abakulungelanga ukusebenza kakuhle ngaphandle. Xa usana luzelwe ngaphambi kwexesha ngamalungu alo anokuchaphazeleka. Amalungu achaphazeleka kakhulu kwezi meko aqhelekileyo:
- Amaphaphu. Iintsana ezizalwe ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-34 ziya kuba nengxaki yokuphefumla zodwa. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba imiphunga yabo ingakakhuli kwaye ingakulungelanga ukusebenza kwihlabathi elingaphandle kwesibeleko.
- Ingqondo. Ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kuphuma ebuchotsheni okuchaphazela ikakhulu iintsana ezizalwe ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-32 okanye iintsana eziye zafumana uxinzelelo kolunye uhlobo lwaphambi kwexesha, ezinje ngokuphefumla. Ingadala umonakalo kwingqondo okanye yehle i-drainage ye-cerebrospinal fluid, ekhokelela kulwakhiwo olungaphezulu kolwelo ngaphakathi nangapha kwengqondo (i-hydrocephalus).
- Intliziyo. Kwisibeleko, i-ductus arteriosus ivumela iintsana ukuba zifumane ioksijini ngentambo, zidlula kwimiphunga. Ekuzalweni, lo mthambo wegazi kufuneka uvalwe. Iintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha zinokuphuhlisa i-patent ductus arteriosus, ebangela ukuhamba kwegazi okungaqhelekanga phakathi kwemithambo yegazi engqonge intliziyo. Oku kunokukhokelela kukusilela kwentliziyo.
- Amathumbu. Inkqubo yokwetyisa yeentsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha ayikakulungeli ukwenza ukutya. Oku kuya kukhokelela ekuvukeleni kwimbombo yamathumbu okanye izifo ezinzulu.
- Amehlo. Uninzi lweentsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha ziba neengxaki zombono kuba imithambo yegazi ekwi-retina ayikakhuli ngokupheleleyo. Iingxaki ezinzima kakhulu zingakhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu zombono okanye ubumfama. Ezinye iimeko zinokusombulula ngokwazo, kodwa ezinye zifuna utyando okanye i-laser.
Bobabini abantwana abazelwe ngaphambi kwexesha kunye namawele abantwana banokuba nayo nayiphi na kwezi meko, ngakumbi abantwana abazelwe ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-32 zokukhulelwa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha ezifumana unyango olukhethekileyo ngexesha zinokuphumelela kwezi ngxaki zempilo kwaye zikhule ngempumelelo kwixesha elizayo.
Yintoni ekufuneka uyigcinile engqondweni
Xa isigaba sokuqala esibalulekileyo sidlula emva kokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa, xa kugxilwe kuphela ekusindeni, iziphumo zokungakhuli kakuhle zisenokungaziwa ngokupheleleyo. Ezinye zeengxaki zexesha elide zisenokungabonakali kwasekuqaleni ebomini kwaye zinokubonakala kwangoko esikolweni. Nokuba zivela nini iingxaki zempilo, Unyango lukagqirha kuya kufuneka lufumaneke ngokukhawuleza.
Iintsana ezizalwe ngaphambi kwexesha zinokuba semngciphekweni wokufa ziselusana kwaye zinganciphisi ukuba nabantwana bazo njengabantu abadala. Ukongeza, banamathuba amancinci okugqiba isikolo esiphakamileyo okanye ukugqiba ikholeji.
Oku kuhlala kubangelwa ziingxaki zonyango abanokuba nazo ngaphambi kwexesha ebomini babo, kunye nenqanaba lentlalontle elincitshisiweyo ngenxa yeemeko zonyango kunye nonyango ekufuneka behlawulwe ngabazali babo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi datha zithathwa kwizifundo apho idatha yazo ibingabandakanyi amawele okanye ukuphindaphindwa, kwaye abantu ekufundweni bazalwe ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini eyadlulayo kwaye ngekhe babe nokufikelela kubuchwephesha bezonyango obanceda uninzi lweentsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha namhlanje. Kubalulekile ukugcina olu phononongo ngendlela yokujonga zonke ezi zinto.
Uninzi lweentsana ezizalwe njengaphindaphindwe ngaphambi kwexesha ziya kuba nokukhubazeka okunokuhlala ubomi bonke. Olu khubazeko lunokuya kwinqanaba lokudodobala kwengqondo ukuya kwi-cerebral palsy, ubumfama okanye isithulu. Abanye banokufumana ulibaziseko lokukhula, iingxaki zokufunda esikolweni, okanye ukunqongophala kwengqwalaselo. Abanye banokufuna nje iiglasi okanye bahlupheke ngenxa ye-allergies okanye i-asthma. Kodwa kufuneka ikhunjulwe ukuba uninzi lwezi meko zinokoyiswa ngongenelelo lwakwangoko okanye ngoqhaqho. Inyaniso, kuyakubakho amawele, abantwana abathathu okanye nangaphezulu abanokuphila ubomi babo ngaphandle kweziphumo nokuba bebengabantwana abazelwe ngaphambi kwexesha.
Akukho nto inokuqikelela iziphumo zobuqu zomntwana ngamnye, into eyaziwayo kukuba kwangaphambi kokuzalwa kwabo, ngaphambi kwexesha, kokukhona baya kuba neengxaki zophuhliso. Kodwa ayikho indlela esivumela ukuba siqikelele ukuba ziziphi na iziphumo okanye uhlobo lobomi abaza kuba nalo ngaphambi kokuba bazalwe kwaye ziziphi iziphumo eziza kwaziwa. Into eyimfuneko kukuba abazali baqinisekise ukuba iintsana zabo lolona nyango lusemgangathweni lokunciphisa iingxaki kwaye kukho ukulandelwa okuhle kwezonyango okoko nje beyifuna.