Kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye kwavela iincwadi ezininzi ezishumayela ngokusebenza kwazo ukuba ngumzali ngokuqinisekileyo kwaye "akukho drama". Oku kudala ukubhideka kwabazali abaninzi, ngakumbi xa imeko iqhubeka nokusebenzisa isohlwayo nabantwana babo nokuba abakhethi (ukuqala ngesikolo) okanye xa bengazi ukuba mabenze ntoni ukuze bafumane into abayifunayo ngaphandle kosongelo nokuziphindezela. Kule meko, kwiNgqungquthela yoNyaka ye-123 ye-American Psychological Association iingcali zichaze ukuba ukohlwaya umntwana kuyasebenza, ukuba nje kwenziwa ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Ndiyaxolisa ukuba uluvo lwam olulandelayo aluchanekanga kwezopolitiko, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo kwabaninzi ayisiyonto intsha. Ngoku, loluphi isohlwayo olusebenzayo kwimfundo yomntwana? Njengoko uza kubona ngezantsi, iingcali zijonga oko zikwaziyo njengesohlwayo ixesha lokulinda. Makhe sibone ukuba zithini iingcali.
Uqeqesho oluchanekileyo namaxesha okulinda
Kwenye yeengqungquthela ezazisenziwa kwindibano, umphandi weYunivesithi yase-Oklahoma State uRobert Larzelere wachaza ukuba iindlela ezizizo zokuziphatha ezisetyenziswa ngabazali zinokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko le ngcali ichaza, Iinkqubo ezixhaswe ngokwenzululwazi zokuba ngumzali ziye zafumanisa ukuba amaxesha okulinda kunye nezinye iintlobo zendlela yokuqinisekisa inokusebenza ukuba ilawulwa ngokuchanekileyo.
Kwinkcazo-ntetho yakhe, uLarzelere uthe iqela lakhe lophando lenze udliwanondlebe noomama abali-102 abathe banika inkcazo eneenkcukacha ngezihlandlo ezihlanu xa befanele ukubaqeqesha abantwana babo xa bebetha okanye bebetha abanye, beqhankqalaza, becela umngeni kubo, bezama ukuthetha-thethana okanye ukungamameli.
Fumana ukutshatyalaliswa yayiyeyona ndlela isebenzayo ekuphuculeni indlela yokuziphatha kwangoko, ngaphandle kokuziphatha. Ukuqiqa yayiyeyona mpendulo ilungileyo xa oomama babephendula ngokuzolileyo kwiindlela zokuziphatha ezicaphukisayo, ezinje ngokuxoxisana okanye ngokuqhankqalaza.
Los ukohlwaya, njengokuphuma kwexesha okanye ukuthatha into, bekusebenza ngakumbi kunokuqiqa xa kufikwa kumntwana obambeleyo Ifaka umceli-mngeni. Nangona kunjalo, ukohlwaywa yayingelona qhinga lincinci elisebenzayo xa ujongene nengxoxo yomntwana kunye nokukhalaza, kwaye ukuqiqa kwakungasebenzi xa kusetyenziswe abantwana abadelelayo okanye 'peggy'.
Kodwa iziphumo zexesha elide zityhila ipateni eyahlukileyo. Xa oomama kudliwanondlebe nabo kwiinyanga ezimbini kamva, abo bahlala bethembisa abantwana ababetha kakhulu okanye ababetha kakubi bathi abantwana babo benza izinto ezimbi, utshilo uLarzelere. Ukuqiqa, nangona kunjalo, kwakuyeyona nto isebenzayo ngexesha kwaba bantwana, nangona yayiyeyona mpendulo iphantsi kwangoko. Ukusetyenziswa ngokuphakathi kwexesha lokuphuma kunye nolunye ukohlwaya (ngaphantsi kwe-16% yexesha) kukhokelele ekuphuculeni isimilo kamva, kodwa kuphela kwaba bantwana badelelayo.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwexesha lokuphuma
Kwenye intetho kwisimpoziyam enye, u-Ennio Cipani, ovela kwiYunivesithi kaZwelonke, wayitsho loo nto Isizathu sokuba ixesha lokuphumla lingasebenzi okanye lijongwa ngokungalunganga kungenxa yokuba azisetyenziswanga ngokuchanekileyo. UCipani noogxa bakhe bakwazile ukuqaphela, ngexesha elililo, iimpazamo ezinokwenziwa ngabazali ekusebenziseni ixesha lokuphuma, utshilo uCipani. Umzekelo, abazali akufuneki bathathe izigqibo eziqhutywa yimvuselelo yomzuzu wokusebenzisa ixesha lokuphuma. Endaweni yokuba baxelele abantwana babo kwangethuba ukuba ziziphi iindlela zokuziphatha (umz. Ukubetha, ukungxolisa abanye abantwana) okuya kubenza bazibambe kwaye bahlale behamba.
"Iziphumo zethu ezivela kumatyala ezonyango zibonise ukuba ixesha lokulinda lisetyenziselwa ukungaziphathi kakuhle kunye neemeko ezithile, kunciphisa kakhulu iingxaki zokuziphatha ekuhambeni kwexesha," UCipani utshilo.
Unyango lokuziphatha kwabantwana
Unyango lokuziphatha kwabantwana lunokunceda abazali nabantwana abanengxabano eqhubekayo.ngokukaDavid Reitman waseNova Southeastern University kunye noMark Roberts weIdaho State University. URoberts wazisa ulwazi ngendlela yeHanf yokuba ngumzali, ngokusekwe kwimisebenzi kaConstanza Hanf, evumela inqanaba lokuqala lokuziphatha kakuhle (oko kukuthi, abantwana bavuzwa ngokuziphatha kakuhle) kwaye ekugqibeleni baye kwiindlela zobuzali ezinegunya ngakumbi (okt ixesha lokuphuma) .
NgokukaRoberts, Ukuvumela umntwana ithuba lesibini lokuthobela imiyalelo yabazali ngokunika isilumkiso ngokungathobeli kungqineke kuluncedo. Ngokwengcali le, ekuhambeni kwexesha abazali bafunda ukunika imiyalelo kunye nezilumkiso ngokufanelekileyo, ukunciphisa isidingo sexesha lokulinda kwimeko yokungathobeli.
UReitman ucebise ukuba abazali babantwana abasakhulayo banokujonga unyango ngokuziphatha njengesohlwayo, kodwa njengento enexabiso elibanzi ekukhuthazeni ukukhula komntwana.
UReitman ucacisile ukuba abantu abagxeka inyathelo labanyangi abayiqondi imizamo yabo yokudlulisela kubazali ixabiso lonxibelelwano oluqinisekileyo nomntwana wabo.. "Iingcali zonyango zinokunceda abazali baqonde ingxaki, baququzelele utshintsho kwindalo esingqongileyo, kwaye bancede abantwana bafumane izakhono abazifunayo ukuze baphumelele." ucacisile.
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