Imfundo yaseSpain isenokungahambi kwelona xesha lihle (icacile). Kodwa into endiqiniseke ngayo kukuba kuyakuhlala kukho iingcali ezizakuzama ukulwela inkqubo entsha yemfundo kwaye ngubani oza kuzama yazisa uluntu ukuba kufuneka utshintsho ngokukhawuleza kwigumbi lokufundela. Ingxamiseko kakhulu. Omnye wabo bantu nguBelén Piñeiro.
U-Belén Piñeiro ngumfundisi-ntsapho onentliziyo ekhethekileyo kwi-neuropsychology kunye nemfundo. Ingcali ecacileyo ukuba iSpain ayenzi kakuhle xa kuziwa kwimfundo. Emva kokusebenza kumazwe aliqela aseYurophu kwaye ejonge iindlela ezahlukeneyo, uye waphuhlisa eyakhe iNkqubo yokuNgenelela kwezeMfundo egxile kwimfundo yeemvakalelo nentlalontle. Ngaba uyafuna ukuqhubeka ufunda udliwanondlebe lukaBelén Piñeiro Madres Hoy?
Madres Hoy: Okokuqala, Belén, enkosi kakhulu ngolwamkelo lodliwano-ndlebe Madres Hoy. Kuluyolo lokwenene ukuba nawe apha. Kwi-2015, iingcali zazithetha ukuba i-2016 yayiza kuba ngunyaka wokuhlaziywa kwe-pedagogical. Ngaba ucinga ukuba sele kwenzekile okanye kusekude ukuba kuyiwe?
UBelén Piñeiro: Ndicinga ukuba minyaka le kuyacaca ukuba utshintsho luyafuneka kwinkqubo yezemfundo nakwindlela esifundisa ngayo nokuvavanya abantwana. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, u-2016 ibingunyaka apho esi sibheno siye sabonakala kakhulu. Kusekude ukuba ndihambe, kodwa into ebalulekileyo kukuba sele siqalisile ukuhamba.
MH: Mva nje siva okuninzi malunga "neMfundo yeemvakalelo", kodwa ngaba ayizukuchaneka ngakumbi kubantu abadala ukuba bafunde ukuya nokuzamkela iimvakalelo zobuntwana?
PO: Ungaya njani kwaye wamkele imvakalelo emntwaneni ongazi ukuba ungayazi okanye ulawule ngokwakho? Ngokuqinisekileyo ayinakwenzeka into yokuba umntu omdala afundise umntwana ukufunda okanye ongeze ukuba akakwazi ukwenza oko. Okufanayo kuya kwiimvakalelo. Ukuba awuyazi indlela yokulawula iimvakalelo zakho, awungekhe ufundise umntwana ukuba ayenze. Isinyathelo sokuqala ekuphenduleni kwiimfuno zengqondo zabantwana kunye nabantu abadala "ukufunda nokubhala ngokweemvakalelo." Ukubiza into esivakalelwa ngayo kwaye siyazi ukuba siyichonga njani
MH: Luluphi uqeqesho oluqinisekileyo kwaye lunaziphi iingenelo kwiintsapho nakubantwana?
PO: Uqeqesho oluqinisekileyo yindlela yemfundo ejolise kuyoukubonelela abazali nabahlohli ngeendlela zokuba nobubele kwaye bazinze ngaxeshanye, ngeyona njongo iphambili yokufundisa umntwana izakhono zobomi ezisisiseko. Yimodeli yezemfundo ejolise ekuqondeni indlela yokuziphatha kwabantwana kunye nendlela yokujonga isimo sabo sengqondo ukubakhokela kwindlela yabo rhoqo ngendlela elungileyo, enomdla, kodwa eqinile kwaye ehloniphekileyo kwabancinci nakwabadala.
Okwangoku ndinikezela ngekhosi yoLuleko oluqinisekileyo ejolise kubazali nakootitshala. Unolwazi ngakumbi ngayo, apha
MH: UKen Robinson uthi "izikolo zibulala ubuchule." Ngaba ucinga ukuba ubuchule bokufunda yinto esalindelwe kwizikolo ezininzi?
PO: Ukuyila yenye yezona mpawu zixabisekileyo emntwini. Umthamo wethu wokuvelisa izinto, wokuvelisa izimvo ezintsha, yenye yezinto ezimbalwa oomatshini abasenakho ukusenzela zona. Ukubulala ubuchule bethu bokuyila kuthabatha inxenye enkulu yamandla ethu. Isikolo kufuneka sisincede ekusebenziseni, ekuboniseni nasekuqondiseni amandla okudala ekufikeleleni kwinjongo, kunokuba sikhuthaze ukunyamalala kwayo.
MH: Kukho izikolo eziye zazisa iMfundo yezeMvakalelo njengesifundo esinokuvavanywa. Kodwa, awufanelanga ukuba usebenze kwiimvakalelo ezinqamlezayo kwaye kuzo zonke iiklasi?
PO: Uvavanyo lulungile ukuba nje lwenziwa njengokulandela izinto ukuphucula, kokubini ngabafundi kunye notitshala okanye sisikolo kwaye azisetyenziswa njengesixhobo soxinzelelo. Ewe kunjalo, kungcono ukuba nemfundo yeemvakalelo njengesinye isifundo kunokuba ungabinaso, sisiqalo esihle kwaye kulawo manyathelo okuqala endapapasha incwadi yam yokuqala: Ukufundisa iimvakalelo ebuntwaneni, ebandakanya isicwangciso songenelelo ngoncedo sokusa kumagumbi okufundisela.
Kodwa, uthathe amanyathelo okuqala, Ngokufanelekileyo, kufanele ukuba ibekho ngokusisigxina eklasini kwaye bonke ootitshala banoqeqesho oluyimfuneko lokujongana nale micimbi. Ukuba umntwana uye wakhathazwa yimeko yokuxhatshazwa ngentsasa yangoMvulo, loo mbambano kufuneka kujongwane nayo xa yenzekile kwaye ingalindi umzuzu xa "bechukumisa" isifundo semvakalelo ngexesha lesikolo.
MH: Ngaba imida kunye nemilinganiselo ayihambelani nengqeqesho efanelekileyo?
PO: Hayi, imida ikwakhona kuqeqesho olululo, kuphela ukuba abantwana bayabandakanyeka ekwenzeni imigaqo (ngokokusemandleni abo) kwaye oko kubenza bakulungele ngakumbi ukuyithobela. Siphendula ngcono kwinto evumayo kunakwisiqhelo esimiselweyo.
MH: Ngaba uluntu luxhalabile ngamabanga, iimvavanyo kunye namabanga?
PO: Yile nto sifundiswe ukuba siyixabise kwixesha lezorhwebo. Abantwana bakalwe "smart" okanye "sisidenge" ngokusekwe kwizakhono zabo kwizifundo ezinjengezibalo, ulwimi, okanye amandla abo ememori. Amabanga esikolo ibingumlinganiso wezakhono kunye "nokuphumelela" ebomini. Namhlanje siyazi ukuba amabakala amahle awaqinisekisi impumelelo, kungekuphela kwinqanaba lomntu, kodwa nakwinqanaba lobungcali.
MH: Uvakalelo ngalo lonke ixesha ... nangona ucinga ukuba kutheni ezinye zeemvakalelo zibonwa njengezingalunganga?
PO: Sinolu luvo kuba indlela yokubonisa ezo mvakalelo inokuba yingozi, kubo abo baziva loo mvakalelo, kunye nakwabo babangqongileyo. Ukongeza, kukho iimvakalelo ezithile ezine "bala elibi" kuxhomekeke kwimeko. Kuyaziwa kakuhle ukuba umntwana omncinci uyakhala, kodwa laa ntlungu ayamkelwa kakuhle kubantu abadala. Kukwanjalo nangomsindo kunye nabasetyhini. Kusekho abo bababiza ngokuba "zii-hysterical" njengegama elibi kwaye, ngokuthakazelisayo, elo gama livela "kwisibeleko"
MH: Zithini izibonelelo ze-neuropsychology kwigumbi lokufundela?
PO: Kunjengokuba uJ. Marina esitsho: “Ukufundisa kuphela komsebenzi oneenjongo zokutshintsha ingqondo yomntu yonke imihla. Kufuneka ikhunjulwe engqondweni ukuze ingabinakuziphendulela". Inokwenzeka njani into yokuba utitshala angabinalo noluncinci uluvo lwendlela eyakhiwe ngayo ingqondo yethu? Ingqwalaselo yethu, inkumbulo yethu, izakhono zethu zeemoto, iimvakalelo zethu, ukucinga kwethu kwemathematics ...
Yonke into ekusetyenzwa kuyo kwigumbi lokufundela isengqondweni, yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba utitshala abe nolwazi ngezi zihloko kwaye ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kodwa ikwabandakanya oku kufunda emsebenzini owenziwayo kwigumbi lokufundela, kwindlela yabo yokufundisa kunye kwindlela oqonda ngayo ukufunda kwabafundi. Yile nto iziswa yi-neuropsychology.
Okwangoku ndenza isifundo seNeuroeducation, esijolise kubo bobabini abazali nootitshala. Unolwazi ngakumbi ngayo, apha.
MH: Uneminyaka emithandathu ubudala ixinezelekile kwaye iphazamisekile. Ucinga ukuba kungenxa yantoni?
BP: Kubuhlungu kakhulu. Ubuntwana buhlala buncinci. Kutshanje ndiye ndafunda inqaku elalisithi “Iishedyuli ziginye abantwana bethu. Abantwana baye baba ngabantu abadala”. Abantwana abasenalo ixesha lokuba ngabantwana, ukuyila, ukucinga, ukubaleka, ukutsiba ... Kubaluleke kangakanani konke oku ... Siyihlisele phantsi imihla ngemihla yethu kusuku lwesikolo olubotshwe ngemixokelelwane kwimisebenzi engaphandle yeeyure zesikolo, umsebenzi wasekhaya kunye nemisebenzi eyalelweyo. Abancinci endlini baneeshedyuli ezinde kunabazali babo… lihlazo lokwenene.
Siyekile usuku nosuku lwabancinci ukuba lube ngumhla wesikolo obotshwe ngemixokelelwane kwimisebenzi engaphaya kwangaphandle, umsebenzi wasekhaya kunye nemisebenzi eyalelweyo
MH: Kukho ngakumbi nangakumbi izinto ezintsha nezikolo ezizezinye, kodwa ngaba bakhona ootitshala abangavumiyo ukutshintsha indlela abafundisa ngayo ngaphandle kwayo yonke into?
PO: Ngelishwa, zikhona. Kukho ootitshala abazinzileyo ekwenzeni umsebenzi wabo kwaye abafuni kushiya indawo abaphila kuyo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba imfundo ngumsebenzi wobugcisa, kukho abafundisi-ntsapho abaphulukene nehlombe labo kwaye baphindaphinde inkqubo efanayo unyaka nonyaka.
MH: Ngaba kunyanzelekile ukuba ootitshala baqeqeshe kwimfundo yeemvakalelo nakwintlalo?
PO: Kunjalo. Inzululwazi ibonakalisile ukuba imvakalelo inxulumene ngqo nokufunda. Ukongeza kwimo yethu yengqondo echaphazela zonke iinkalo zobomi bethu. Ukwazi indlela yokulawula iimvakalelo zethu kuya kuba sisixhobo esiluncedo kakhulu ebomini bethu, Ngokungafaniyo nolunye ulwazi olufundiswa kwisikolo sendabuko. Kukangaphi ufuna ukuthatha ingcambu ngesandla? Nangona kunjalo, mangaphi amaxesha oye waqhutywa ngumsindo okanye lusizi ungazi ukuba wenzeni ukubuyela kwimeko yokuzola?
MH: Ngaba isohlwayo lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lokuba umntwana angaphindi aziphathe ngendlela?
PO: Andizukutsho ukuba ukohlwaya akusebenzi, kuba kuyinyani ukuba kwixesha elifutshane baphelisa isimilo esingafunekiyo kwicala lomntu omdala. Ingxaki kukuba abazazi iimpembelelo zexesha elide kunye neemvakalelo abazicaphukisayo emntwaneni: imvukelo, ingqumbo, ukonakala kokuzithemba nokuzithoba.
Iya kuphelisa amagumbi okufundela njengoko siwazi. Ayenzi ngqiqweni into yokuba abantwana bachithe iiyure ezisi-8 behleli edesikeni bejonga ebhodini, ayiqhelekanga loo nto.
Eyona ngxaki iphambili xa kusiziwa ekupheliseni isohlwayo kukuba uninzi lwabazali kunye nabafundisi-ntsapho bacinga ukuba ekuphela kwento onokuyenza kukuyekelela. Njengoko sibonile kwinqaku lokuqala, ngamanye amaxesha Siphambanisa uqeqesho kunye nogonyamelo kunye nokuvumela kunye nothando.
MH: Zinto zini ezintlanu onokuthi uzitshintshe njengengcali kwezemfundo kwinkqubo yemfundo?
PO: Ndingatshintsha oku kulandelayo:
- Izakutshintsha umlinganiswa ophambili weeklasi. Ndingayeka ukuba ngutitshala, iya kuba ngabafundi.
- Iya kuphelisa amagumbi okufundela njengoko siwazi. Ayenzi ngqiqweni into yokuba abantwana bachithe iiyure ezisi-8 behleli edesikeni bejonga ebhodini, ayiqhelekanga loo nto.
- Inokucima amanqaku esikolo njengoko siwazi. Uvavanyo sesinye isixhobo sokwazi inkqubo yokufunda.
- Umxholo kunye nevolumu yezifundo. Ukugcina idatha ethile akusasebenzi. Sonke silibele iipesenti ezingama-80 zezinto esizifundileyo kwiminyaka yethu yesikolo.
- Indlela yokufundisa. Utshintsho olukhulu luyafuneka. Ngethamsanqa ngakumbi nangakumbi izikolo zizinikele kuphuhliso lwezemfundo Kwaye basebenzisa ezinye iindlela ezinje ngeProjekthi esekwe ekuFundeni.
MH: Belén, enkosi kakhulu kudliwanondlebe. Kodwa andithandi kuthi ntle ngaphandle kokuqala ndikubuze into: kutheni ucinga kubaluleke kangaka ukufundisa ngeemvakalelo?
PO: Kuba bayinxalenye yethu, baya kuhamba nathi ebomini bethu bonke. Ukwazi indlela yokwamkela nokuyilawula kuya kusenza sazane ngcono, sithandane ngakumbi kwaye senze izigqibo ezingcono. Iya kwenza ubudlelwane bethu neziqu zethu kunye nabanye bube lula. Zonke ziluncedo ... awucingi?
Njengoko ukwazile ukufunda, uBelén Piñeiro ngutitshala osentliziyweni olwa nawo wonke umnqweno wakhe wokutshintsha imfundo ngokungxamisekileyo kunye namagumbi okufundela ahlaziyiweyo. Ndiyathemba ukuba u-2017 ngunyaka apho uninzi lwezikolo kunye namaziko emfundo asebenzisa iindlela ezisebenzayo nezintsha ukwenza abafundi babe ngabalinganiswa abaziintloko kwimfundo yabo.
Ucinga ntoni ngodliwanondlebe noBelén Piñeiro? Ndifunde lukhulu kuye. Ndiyathemba ukuba uyifumene iluncedo kwaye inomdla!