Ngaba umntwana utyebile? Ngaba kufuneka utye ngakumbi kuba imilenze yakho ikhangeleka ibhitye kakhulu? ¿Bobuphi ubunzima obufanelekileyo ebantwaneni? Umbuzo abazali abaninzi abanabantwana abancinci bazibuza wona, ngakumbi ukuba ngabazali abatsha.
Ngokwenzululwazi, yonke into iyabila iye kwi-percentile, elona nyathelo lilungileyo lokwazi ukuba yintoni ubunzima obulungileyo kubantwana. Uthini umcimbi, emva koko?
Ipesenti, umlinganiso wobunzima
Ngekhe sive igama elithi percentile de saba nosana. Ke iba yimali eqhelekileyo: ayisiyonto ngaphandle koku i-axis esembindini wezifo zabantwana, Ixabiso apho oogqirha babantwana balinganisa khona ubudlelwane phakathi kokuphakama nobunzima. La maxabiso aguqulelwa kwitafile evumela iakhawunti yokuvela kunye nokukhula komndilili womntwana, kokubini malunga nobunzima nokuphakama.
Ipesenti iyasivumela ukuba siqwalasele iingxaki ezinokubakho zokukhula okanye sinike ingxelo yokuba ngaba umntwana utyebile okanye unengxaki yokutyeba kakhulu okanye iingxaki zokutyeba kakhulu. Le tafile ivumela ukwazi buyintoni ubunzima obulungele abantwana okanye ubuncinci unombono wentsingiselo. Yahlulwe yangamacandelo, ahambelana nabantwana beyona pesenti incinci (25%), abantwana bepesenti ephakathi (50%), kunye nepesenti enkulu (75%).
I-percentile yinto eqhelekileyo ekutyeleleni kugqirha wabantwana, ukusukela ekuzalweni komntwana de umntwana afikelele kwiminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Ukulandelwa kwenziwa ngaphezulu kweminyaka ukuze kubhalwe irekhodi lokuvela komntwana, kurekhodwe ubunzima kunye nokuphakama ngamaqela eminyaka kunye nokuvumela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba umntwana ukhula ngokwaneleyo na okanye ungaphantsi okanye ungaphantsi komndilili. Oko kukuthi, iipesenti ezingama-50. Nokuba uthini na umgangatho akuyo umntwana, into ebalulekileyo kukurekhoda ukukhula kwawo, okuthetha ukuba umntwana one-25% yeepesenti uyokonwabela impilo ukuba kulo lonke ukukhula kwakhe uhlala ethe rhoqo kwi-percentile yakhe, okanye angasuka kodwa hayi kabukhali.
Oku kubalulekile ukusukela ubunzima obulungileyo kubantwana Ayithathi ingqalelo kuphela amanani kodwa kunye nelifa lemfuza, ubungakanani bethambo, ubume, njl. Kukho abantwana abancinci bokwakha abaya kuba ngaphantsi kweepesenti kwaye basempilweni ngelixa abantwana abomeleleyo banokufumana iipesenti ezingama-75 kuphuhliso lwabo. Khumbula ukuba idatha kule tafile ibonisa ukukhula komntwana xa kuthelekiswa nenani eliphakathi labantwana.
Iimpawu eziguquguqukayo zobunzima
Las iitafile zepesenti abantwana basekwa yi-WHO kwaye kulula ukuyiqonda. Njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, balinganisa ubunzima kunye nokuphakama ngokunxulumene nobudala. Yiyo loo nto i-axis ethe tyaba ichaza ubudala kunye nkqo, ubunzima okanye ukuphakama.
Ukubanoluvo oluchanekileyo lokuphuhliswa, iitafile zibonisa iipesenti ezahlukeneyo (ukongeza kwezi zikhankanywe apha ngasentla): 3, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90 no-97. Ngexesha lotyelelo kugqirha wabantwana, ugqirha uza kulinganisa umntwana kwaye ke ukuseka inqaku ngokunxulumene nobudala. Emva koko uya kujoyina inqaku kunye nemilinganiselo yangaphambili ukuze ubone ukuba yeyiphi ijika.
Yintoni i ubunzima obulungileyo kubantwana? Ukuyiqonda ngcono itheyibhile, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba i-percentile ibonisa ipesenti, oko kukuthi, ipesenti yabantwana abanobunzima okanye abalinganisa ixabiso "x". Umzekelo, ukuba umntwana wakho uneepesenti ezingama-25 oko kuthetha ukuba iipesenti ezingama-75 zabantwana zinobunzima kunye nokulinganisa ngaphezulu komntwana wakho. Ukuba, kwelinye icala, ine-97th percentile, oko kuthetha ukuba i-97% yabantwana bakuloo minyaka yokulinganisa kunye nobunzima obungaphantsi. Kwimeko apho umntwana ene-50th percentile, iya kuba kumndilili wabantwana belo xesha.