Ukukhubazeka kokufunda: iDyslalia kunye neDyslexia yaBantwana

Kule veki ndifuna ukuthetha nawe ngendlela eyandisiweyo malunga neengxaki ezithile zokufunda eziqheleke kakhulu ebantwaneni. Ziyanda rhoqo ezikolweni kungoko kunyanzelekile ukuba iimpawu zokubhaqwa zaziwe kwangethuba ukuze zikwazi ukufumana izisombululo ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba iimpawu zokuqala ziqwalaselwe, rhoqo kwaye kuzo zonke iimeko a Ungenelelo lwengqondo olusebenzayo luya kufuneka ukuze ukwazi ukusebenza naba bantwana abakhubazekileyo ekufundeni.

Ekupheleni kwale veki ndiza kuthetha nawe ngezinye iingxaki zokufunda eziqhelekileyo, ndithetha ukuba yi-dysculalia kunye ne-dysgraphia. Ngale ndlela unokufunda ngakumbi ngezi ngxaki zokufunda kwaye ufumane isisombululo ngokukhawuleza ukuze umntwana wakho aphucule ukufunda (ukuba kukho imfuneko) kwaye angaziva ngathi yinto embi, kodwa njengento enokuphuculwa ngokuzingisa kunye nomnqweno .

Yintoni idyslalia

Eyona nto iphambili kwidyslalia kukungakwazi ukusebenzisa izandi zentetho ezifanelekileyo ekukhuleni kobudala nolwimi lomntwana, sithathela ingqalelo ukuba kwakungekho hlobo lokulibaziseka ukukhula komntwana. Ingabandakanya iimpazamo kwimveliso, ukusetyenziswa, ukumelwa okanye umbutho wezandi, kunye nokufaka endaweni yesandi esinye kungenjalo nokushiya izandi.

Kukuphazamiseka kwentetho rhoqo kwaye kunokuchazwa njengokuphazamiseka ekuchazeni iifonim ezichazwe bubunzima bokusebenza kwamalungu entetho (imilebe, ulwimi, njl. Njl.) Kwaye kunzima ukubhengeza okanye kulwakhiwo yeefonim.

Ukwahlulahlulahlula idyslalia

Singafumana iintlobo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zedyslalia:

• Inguqulelo yedyslalia: Kwenzeka esemncinci (phakathi kweminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwesi-5 ubudala) kwaye kuyinto eqhelekileyo ekukhuleni (kuyinto eqhelekileyo kubo bonke abantwana ukuba bahambe kuyo kwaye ayicingi ukuba loluphi na uhlobo lwesiphazamiso kwaye ayifanele ibe yinkxalabo yabazali okanye iingcali ).
• I-Audigenic dyslalia: Yenzeka kwiimeko zokungeva kakuhle kwaye kufuneka usebenze neengcali.
• Umsebenzi wedyslaliaKule meko sithetha nge-dyslalia ngengqondo yayo engqongqo. Kwenzeka xa kukho utshintsho kwiifonim ngenxa yolungelelwaniso olungalunganga lwezihlunu zokufowunela eziyimfuneko ukuzicacisa. Akukho lutshintsho lwendalo, kodwa kukukhubazeka okusebenzayo.

Kutheni kusenzeka

Inokwenzeka ngenxa yokunqongophala kolawulo lwamalungu achazayo, iingxaki zocalucalulo, imeko yokusingqongileyo (imfundo engeyiyo, iimeko zentlalo ezimbi, iindlela ezingachanekanga zokulinganisa, njl.

Kwizinto ezenziwa rhoqo kwiinguqu zihlala kukho ukubekwa endaweni, ukugqwetha, ukushiya, ukuguqula kunye nokufaka. Enye ifonim ingabizwa kwenye, iphosakele, ibizwe ngokwahlukileyo, okanye ingabhengezwa ngokuthe ngqo. Unokwenza inversion kwaye ubuyisele umva ukulandelelana kweefowuni yesilabhili okanye ufake ifonim entsha apho ingangqinelaniyo (umzekelo, endaweni yetrektara: taractor).

Unokuncedwa njani umntwana one-dyslalia

Ngokumalunga neemfuno zemfundo zabantwana abanedyslalia, ukuphuculwa kunokufezekiswa kuthathelwa ingqalelo oku kulandelayo:

• Bhekisa kwingcali ehambelana nayo: i-psychopedagogue kunye / okanye ingcali yezentetho
• Ukuphucula amandla okuphefumla kunye nentetho
• Yenza umthambo wokulawula ukushukumiseka kwamalungu entetho (imilebe, ulwimi, inkalakahla ethambileyo, njl.
• Ukuzivocavoca ekhaya kunye neengcali zokuqonda ucalucalulo
• Ukufundisa ulwazi lwezandi nokufunda ukucacisa kakuhle iifonim, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimpawu zomntwana kwintetho
• Misela iinjongo ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima befonotiki kunye nefowuni.

Yintoni idyslexia

I-Dyslexia kukukhubazeka okuqhelekileyo kokufunda okunokubangela iingxaki ngokufunda, ukubhala kunye nopelo. Kukukhubazeka ekufundeni kwaye kunokubangela iingxaki ngezakhono ezithile ezifunekayo ekufundeni (ukufunda nokubhala). Kodwa kufanele ukuba kucace gca ukuba kukukhubazeka ekufundeni kwaye ubukrelekrele abuchaphazeleki. 

IDyslexia yingxaki yobomi bonke eya kuthi ibangele imiceli mngeni kubantwana abakhubazekileyo ekufundeniKodwa ngenkxaso eyimfuneko baya kuba nakho ukuphucula izakhono zabo zokufunda nokubhala ukuze iingxaki zokufunda zingabi ngumqobo esikolweni nasemsebenzini. Banokuba ngabafundi abakrelekrele kunye nabantu abadala, kufuneka nje bazi ukuba banokwenza.

Iimpawu zedyslexia

Iimpawu zedyslexia zihlala zibonakala xa umntwana eqala isikolo kwaye eqala ukugxila ekufundeni, ekufundeni nasekubhaleni. Ezona mpawu zicace gca kwezi zilandelayo:

• Ukufunda nokubhala kwahlukile "kwinto yesiqhelo" yeminyaka yophuhliso
• Ukudideka ukulandelelana koonobumba ngamagama
• Beka oonobumba ngasemva (njengokubhala "b" endaweni ka "d")
• Ukuba nengxaki ngocwangciso okanye umbutho
• Igrama engalunganga
• Qonda ulwazi ngomlomo kodwa ube nengxaki xa lunikezelwa ngokubhaliweyo
• Ngamana unokuba nezakhono ezilungileyo kwezinye iindawo, ezinjengokucinga okudala okanye ukusombulula iingxaki

Unokuncedwa njani umntwana one-dyslexia

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unedyslexia, into yokuqala ekuya kufuneka uyenze kukuthetha notitshala wabo okanye utitshala wemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa (unyango lwezonyango) esikolweni kwaye uxoxe ngezinto ezikuxhalabisayo ukuze bahlaziywe. Baya kuba nakho ukuyifumana kwaye banike inkxaso eyongezelelweyo ukunceda umntwana wakho esikolweni xa kuyimfuneko.

Ukuba umntwana wakho uyaqhubeka nokusokola ngaphandle kwenkxaso eyongezelelweyo, unokujonga uvavanyo olunzulu ngakumbi ngugqirha wezengqondo okanye ingcali yedyslexia. Oku kungacelwa esikolweni okanye kuvavanyo lwabucala.

Ndiyathemba ukuba wakube ufikile kweli nqanaba, ukwazile ukuba yintoni malunga ne-dyslalia kunye ne-dyslexia emalunga nayo, kwaye uqaphele ukuba kuwo omabini la mathuba eengxaki zokufunda, anokunyangwa kwaye afumane iziphumo ezilungileyo ukuba ayanyangwa ngexesha kunye neengcali ezifanelekileyo.