Nangona i-dyslexia iyi ingxaki yokufunda eqhelekileyo, inxalenye enkulu yoluntu ayiyazi loo nto. Umntwana ngamnye one-dyslexia unenqanaba lakhe. Ayizizo zonke i-dyslexics ezidysicic ukuya kwinqanaba elifanayo nakwindlela efanayo. Sifuna ukuthetha nawe malunga neentlobo, okanye iintlobo zolu phazamiseko lokufunda, kunye nendlela yokujongana nayo kuxhomekeke ekubeni yeyenye okanye yenye.
Siza kuqala ngokuthi i-dyslexia ifunyenwe, phantse ngalo lonke ixesha, kwinqanaba lesikolo, kwaye ichaphazela iinkqubo zokufunda, ezigcina zinemiphumela kwaye zithintela iinkqubo zokubhala. Ngokumalunga neentlobo zedyslexia, sinokuzibala ngemvelaphi yazo, okanye ngeendlela ezichaphazela ixesha lokufunda.
Iindidi zedyslexia: lexical, phonological, okanye zombini
Xa inkwenkwe okanye intombazana ifunda ukufunda, uyakwenza oko indlela yokufunda ethe ngqo okanye ebonwayo kunye nendlela engathanga ngqo okanye yezandi. Inokuchaphazela, ke, enye yezi ndlela zokufunda, okanye zombini. Ngokwangoku, sinokuluhlula kwezi ndidi zilandelayo zedyslexia:
- Idyslexia Lexical okanye ngaphezulu okanye umbono obonakalayo. Umntwana unengxaki yokufunda amagama angaqhelekanga. Oko kukuthi, amagama ahlekisayo, anemigaqo yokubhala ekhethekileyo, ekude kwimodeli yesiqhelo. Kwimeko yeSpanish, umzekelo oqhelekileyo zizenzi ezingaqhelekanga.
- Idyslexia izandi. Kule meko ubunzima obuphambili kukufunda amagama abhaliweyo. Oko kukuthi, inkwenkwe okanye intombazana iyila amagama angenakho. Okanye udida amagama anesandi esifanayo kwaye utsibe iileta xa ufunda. Ikwabizwa ngokuba I-dyslexia yolwimi ephicothwayo, kwaye ihlala ibonakala kubantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-9 ukuya kweli-12.
- I-dyslexia enzulu. Yeyona nto imbi kakhulu kwaye ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-dyslexia exubekileyo. Eyona ndlela ichaphazelekileyo yokufunda yile yephonological, ayinakusetyenziswa, kwelinye icala, le ibonwayo egcinwa kancinci yile isetyenziswa ngumntwana. Umntwana uya kuba nobunzima obukhulu ekufundeni naliphi na igama, kwaye ukuqonda kwakhe kokufunda akukho.
Ulwahlulo ngokwemvelaphi
Umgaqo wesibini osetyenziselwa ukuhlela iintlobo ze-dyslexia uhambelana nemvelaphi yazo. Kule meko sithetha nge-dyslexia yophuhliso okanye i-dyslexia efunyenweyo.
- Ukuzivelela kwezinto okanye uphuhliso. Inemvelaphi ayaziwa, kodwa ibonakala inxulumene no utshintsho kwimfuza kunye nokulibaziseka kokukhula. Iyenzeka kwasekuzalweni, kodwa iqala ukufunyanwa xa umntwana eqala ukufunda ukufunda. Kuqheleke ngakumbi kune-dyslexia efunyenweyo. Kwiilwimi ezi-opaque, oko kukuthi, ezo kunxibelelwano lwe-grapheme-phoneme zinkulu ngakumbi, kusekho iimeko ezininzi zabantwana abane-dyslexia.
- Ifunyenwe. Iveliswa kukulimala kwengqondo okuchaphazela indawo enye okanye nangaphezulu yengqondo, ebandakanyeka kwiinkqubo zokufunda nokubhala. Kuxhomekeke kubudala bomntwana ngexesha lokwenzakala, ubuchopho bakhe beplastikhi, kunye nokukhuthazeka kwengqondo akufumanayo kuya kuba nzima okanye kungaphantsi, kwaye kuya kuba ngaphezulu okanye okwexeshana.
Ungamelana njani neentlobo zedyslexia
Inomdla umahluko wedyslexia kulibaziseko lokufunda, okanye iingxaki ezithile zolwimi, okanye ukulibaziseka ekukhuleni umntwana anokukufumana. Ukongeza, abantwana abane-ADHD okanye nasiphi na esinye isifo okanye ukukhubazeka okunokubandakanya kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ubunzima ngexesha lokufumana ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala.
Ukuziqhelanisa, abazali kunye nootitshala bayacetyiswa ukuba musa ukulebhelisha nayiphi na ingxaki yokugula okanye ubunzima ekufundeni ukufunda. Kukho iimvavanyo ezithile zokufumanisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo olunokuba nalo umntwana. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uye kwingcali kwaye ungaxhomekeki kuphela kwiiprofayili okanye kuhlelo lwethiyori.
Umntwana ngamnye we-dyslexia uveza iimpawu ezithile, ezenza ukuba kubaluleke ukuba yeyiphi na imisebenzi echaphazeleka kakhulu kwaye ilungelelanise ungenelelo kwezi ngxaki zinzima. Iindlela ezintsha zokufundisa kunye neendlela zokufundisa ekufundeni ziphuhlisiwe ezinikezela abantwana abane-dyslexia izixhobo ezifunekayo ukuqhubela phambili ngesiqhelo kubomi babo bokufunda.