Xa sisiva malunga nokufakwa kwesikolo, ayinguye wonke umntu oyiqondayo into ethethwa yile kota, ngenxa yokungabi nalwazi okanye ulwazi. Ukufakwa kwinkqubo yezemfundo makuchonge kwaye kuhloniphe iiyantlukwano ezikhoyo kwiziko lemfundo.
Ibalulekile, baqonde ukuba sithetha ngantoni ukuze sincede kwaye siphucule abantwana abanezi mfuno zemfundo zikhethekileyo, kwaye banokuphuhlisa amandla abo aphezulu. Namhlanje kule mpapasho, siza kujongana nomba wokuba zeziphi iimfuno zemfundo ezikhethekileyo (SEN) kwaye zeziphi iintlobo ezikhoyo.
Imfundo ebandakanyayo ibandakanya ukulungiswa kwemixholo yekharityhulam yeziko lemfundo labafundi abane-SEN.. Ngabantu abacela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo yemfundo, ngenxa yokukhubazeka okanye ukuphazamiseka.
Ziziphi iimfuno zemfundo ezikhethekileyo?
Siyazi ukuba phantse bonke abantwana banako okanye baye bafumana ubunzima obuthile xa kufikwa ekufundeni, le yeyona nto iqhelekileyo. Kuninzi lwabo, olu hlobo lomqobo luye lwexeshana ngoncedo kunye nomsebenzi ovela kubagcini okanye abazali.
Xa sithetha ngazo iimfuno zemfundo ezizodwa, iLOE, kwinqaku lama-73, ibachaza njengabo bafundi bafuna, ngexesha lokufunda, nokuba kusekuso okanye kwithuba elithile, yenkxaso ethile kunye/okanye neenkonzo ezithile zemfundo. Ezi ngqwalasela kuthethwa ngazo, zinokuthatyathelwa ekubeni yingqondo, imotor okanye isiphene ngokweemvakalelo, okanye kwiziphazamiso ezimandla zokuziphatha.
Ukuze umfundi athathwe njenge-ACNEE (Abafundi abaneeMfuno eziZodwa zeMfundo), yi Ingxelo yovavanyo lwe-psychopedagogical evaluation iyafuneka. Ukongeza, uluvo malunga nemfundo olwenziwa ziingcali zokukhokela, emisela ubukho beemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa kunye nohlobo lwesikolo olumfanele kakhulu umfundi ovavanyiweyo.
Kukho iindidi ngeendidi zokufunda, phakathi kwazo zezi; ukufunda kwiziko eliqhelekileyo, iziko leMfundo eneeMfuno eziZodwa okanye indibaniselwano yezi meko zimbini.
Iindidi zeemfuno zemfundo ezizodwa
Kuninzi lweendawo ezizimeleyo zaseSpain, Ukubonelelwa ngezibonelelo zenkxaso eyodwa kwaba bafundi, ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo, kuxhomekeke kwinani le-ACNEE, ababhalise kumaziko.
Njengoko siphawulile, Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-SEN ezinokubangelwa yingqondo, i-motor okanye i-sensory disability, okanye ukuphazamiseka okunzulu kokuziphatha.. Nganye kwezi mfuno yahlukile kwenye, ngokobunzima ajongene nabo umntwana.
Ukukhubazeka ngokwasemzimbeni
Eli tyala kwenzeka xa umntu ebandezeleka ngenxa yesimo somzimba esingaguqukiyo kwaye sithintele ngokusisigxina ukuba ahambe kunye nokusebenza ngokupheleleyo kwenkqubo yakhe yemoto.. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinani lamalungu kunye namalungu achaphazelekayo, kuthiwa yintsilelo.
Ezi zinokuba, i-monoplegia, xa ukukhubazeka kwenzeka kwilungu elinye kuphela; i ukukhubazeka, kwenzeka xa ukukhubazeka kuchaphazela isiqingatha esisezantsi somzimba; itetraplegia, xa onke amalungu ekhubazekile, kunye ne hemiplegiaukukhubazeka kwenzeka kwelinye icala lomzimba.
Iimeko ezivelisa ukungasebenzi komzimba
Iimeko ezibangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle komzimba kukonakala kwengqondo okunokufunyanwa, oko kukuthi, ukwenzakala ngequbuliso engqondweniokanye i-cerebral palsy, kulo mzekelo sithetha ngokuchaphazeleka okungapheliyo okuye kwaveliswa ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwengqondo ye-fetus.
Eminye imiqathango inokuba umonakalo womqolo. Lo monakalo wenzeka xa uxinzelelo olukhulu luqhutywa okanye unikezelo lwegazi kunye neoksijini kunqunyulwa.. Omnye umonakalo unokwenzeka kwi I-Spina bifida, kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, inokukhokelela ekukhubazekeni ngokomzimba njengokukhubazeka kweendawo ezisezantsi.
Sikwathetha nge-multiple sclerosis, umonakalo kwi-sheath ye-myelin, eyona nto igubungela intambo yomgogodla, inokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo.. Ekugqibeleni, bonisa umonakalo kwimisipha, ukunika i-muscular dystrophy ubuthathaka kunye nokulahlekelwa kwemisipha.
Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
La Ukukhubazeka ngokwasengqondweni kubonakala kubukho bomda ekusebenzeni kwengqondo, ekuguquguqukeni, kwingqiqo nakwindlela yokuziphatha..
Ukuba kolu hlobo lokukhubazeka Sifumana oku kulandelayo:
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo apho bangaphakathi
- ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okuphakathi
- ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okuphakathi
- ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okugqithisileyo
- Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okunzulu okanye ukukhubazeka okuphindaphindiweyo
- ulibaziseko jikelele yophuhliso
- Ukuphazamiseka kokukhula kwengqondo akuchazwanga ngenye indlela
- Down syndrome
- Isifo se-Fragile X
- Angelman syndrome
- I-Prader-Will syndrome
ukukhubazeka ngokweemvakalelo
Kolu hlobo lokukhubazeka sibhekisela kwezo zichaphazela imvakalelo enye okanye ezininzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezona ziphene zaziwayo zezokubona, nto leyo echaphazela ukukwazi ukubona, kunye nokungeva kakuhle, nto leyo eyonakalisa ukuva.
Ngaphakathi ukukhubazeka okubonakalayo ezi meko zilandelayo zingenzeka:
- iimpazamo refractive: myopia, hyperopia kunye ne-astigmatism
- Iipathologies zepali zangaphambili: iglaucoma
- Iipathologies zepali zangasemva: retinitis pigmentosa
- I-Pathologies yendlela ye-optic: umthambo wamehlo
Kwelinye icala, malunga ne ukungeva kakuhle sifumana ubuthulu kunye ne-deaf-blindness syndrome.
Ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokuziphatha
Ukuphazamiseka kolu hlobo kuthathwa njengepateni yokuziphatha ehlala iqhubeka, iphindaphinda kwaye ingafanelekanga. I-ODD, i-Oppositional Defiant Disorder, ibonakala ngokuziphatha okanye izimo zengqondo ezinjengokuxambulisana nabantu abadala, ukwenza ngabom izinto ezimbi kwabanye, ukuba nentiyo okanye ukuziphindezela.
- ukuchasa defiant disorder
- ukuziphatha ukuphazamiseka / ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha
Unxibelelwano olumandla kunye nokuphazamiseka kolwimi
Kule meko sithetha ngayo ubunzima obuzingileyo ekufumaneni nasekusebenziseni ulwimi; oluthethwayo, olubhaliweyo, ulwimi lwezandla okanye enye into.
Imiba eyahlukileyo kuphuhliso lolwimi zezi sizibonisa apha ngezantsi:
- uphuhliso lolwimi oluthethwayo
- ukulibaziseka kolwimi
- Ifoni
- I-Dysphasias
- I-aphasia yabantwana
- ukucaphuka okukhethiweyo
- utshintsho kulwimi olubhaliweyo
- I-dyslexia efunyenweyo kunye neyokuziphendukela kwemvelo
- Dysgraphia kunye nokulibaziseka ukubhala
Ukwenza ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokudala impendulo esebenzayo nebandakanyayo yemfundo, kunjalo ukusebenzisana ngabasebenzi bezemfundo kunye neentsapho kubalulekile. Ekubeni ziyintsika ezisisiseko zokwakheka okuchanekileyo.