El Down syndrome Yindibaniselwano yee-chromosomes ezi-3 kwisibini sama-21 esikhokelela kubukho kuthotho lweempawu ebezisoloko zikho eluntwini kwaye ezivelisa Umahluko ekufundeni, emzimbeni nasempilweni. I-Down Syndrome ikhona kuzo zonke iinkcubeko nakwimimandla yehlabathi, ke ukubonwa kwayo yinto yonke imihla exhaphakileyo kunye nesiqhelo, nangona kunjalo, bekungasoloko kunjalo.
Ngomhla wamashumi amabini ananye kweyoKwindla sibhiyozela i USuku lweHlabathi lweSifo seDown Down, ngenjongo yokwazisa ezi mpawu njengabantu kwaye ziyamangalisa njengayo nayiphi na enye. Namhlanje sazi okuninzi malunga naba bantwana, ngenxa yenani lenkqubela phambili kwezenzululwazi esele zenziwe, ngakumbi ukusukela kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Oku kusivumela ukuba sinike abantu kunye neentsapho ukhathalelo olwaneleyo, sisazi ukuba ukukhula kwabantu abane-Down Syndrome kuyakwenzeka njani, okuya kuthi kwahluka njengokukhula ngokwako.
En los Iminyaka emi-6 yokuqala Singathetha ngothotho lweempawu eziqhelekileyo:
- Ukukhula kancinci komzimba. Ukuphakama komndilili kubantwana abane-Down syndrome zii-2-3 iisentimitha ezimfutshane, njengobunzima obuhlala bungu-400 gram ngaphantsi kwalindelekileyo kubantwana. Ngokubanzi, ukuphakama komndilili wamadoda ekupheleni kophuhliso lwabo kuhlala kuyinto ye-151 cm, kunye neyabafazi i-141 cm.
- Ukuxhaphaka okuphezulu kokutyeba kakhulu emntwaneni. Ngenxa yokuhanjiswa kwamafutha omzimba, kubalulekile ukuba kwenziwe ukutya okunonophelo kunye nokulinganayo, into ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kubo bonke abantwana.
- Ukulibaziseka kwengqondo Ukulibaziseka kwengqondo kuya kuguquka kakhulu kwezinye iimeko okanye kwezinye, njengoko kuxhomekeke kwinani lezinto ezahlukeneyo (i-IQ yabazali, inqanaba lemfundo ...). Into esiyaziyo namhlanje kukuba iinkqubo zokuvuselela kwangoko ziphucula kakhulu ukukhula kwehlabathi: ukondla, ulwimi, ukudityaniswa kwezentlalo kunye nokuziqhelanisa phakathi kwabazali nabantwana. Uphuhliso lokuqonda luhlala lonyuka kwangoko kwi-IQ, ngakumbi ephawulwe phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-5, ilandelwa kukuhla ngokuthe ngcembe.
- Central hypotonia. Ukuqina kwemisipha kuhlala kukho emzimbeni wonke. Oku akuchaphazeli kuphela ukukhula kwemoto kodwa nenkqubo yokufumana ulwimi. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nobunzima zihlala zihleli. Nangona kunjalo, amanqanaba okuqala ophuhliso lweemoto (ukukhasa, ukuhamba ...) alandela kuphela ukulandelelana kamva, ukulibaziseka kunye notshintsho kwindawo yolwimi ephawulwe ngakumbi.
- Izinga eliphezulu lesifo sentliziyo sokuzalwa. Phakathi kwe-40-60% yeentsana ezine-Down syndrome zineenguqulelo zentliziyo, zezona ziqhele ukwenzeka kwi-septum ye-atrioventricular.
- Ukuphulukana nokuva I-50% yabantwana abane-Down syndrome baneengxaki zokuva kakuhle. Isifo sendlebe esiphakathi sixhaphake kakhulu, kunye nosulelo olungaphezulu lokuphefumla kunye nenani eliphezulu leendlebe. Kubalulekile ukuzinyanga ngokukhawuleza ezi ngxaki, njengoko zisenza ukuba inkqubo yokufumana ulwimi ibe nzima nangakumbi.
- Ukuxhaphaka okuphezulu kwemyopia. Olona tshintsho lubonakalayo lukhoyo kwaba bantwana yi-myopia, efumaneka kwi-70% yamatyala.
- Ukulibaziseka kokuqhuma kwamazinyo. Kwi-75% yamatyala kukho umfuziselo wokugqibela wezinyo. Ngaphandle kokulibaziseka ekubonakaleni, kufuneka kusekwe imikhwa yococeko ngomlomo besebancinci.
Ukwazi indaleko elindelekileyo yabantwana abane-Down syndrome kuyanceda ukuqonda nokuqonda iimpawu zaba bantwana. Kodwa asinakulibala ukuba ukukhula yinto entsonkothileyo eya kukhokelela kwiyantlukwano engenakubalwa phakathi kwabantu kunye nabanye, nokuba yeyiphi na imizila yemfuza.