Kukho intetho eninzi malunga nokuthatha ithuba lezinto zesayensi ezinikezelayo ukuze kwandiswe ixesha apho umfazi ethatha isigqibo sokuba ngumama. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ubuchule be-vitrification - eli ligama lenkqubo yokukhenkceza ngokukhawuleza kwi-nitrogen kwii-degrees ezingama-196 ngaphantsi kwe-zero - kubalulekile ukwenza zonke uphando olufanelekileyo. Kungale ndlela kuphela esiya kuthi sicinge ngayo yonke into imingcipheko yokukhenkceza kwamaqanda.
Kuyinyani ukuba namhlanje kuya kuxhaphaka ukudibana nabasetyhini abagqibayo hlehlisa ukuba ngumama ukusebenzisa inzuzo yesayensi. Kodwa esi sigqibo sithwele uxanduva olukhulu, kokubini ngokwesigqibo esenziweyo kunye neengozi ezinokubakho kwinkqubo kunye nenyaniso yokuba eminye imiba kuya kufuneka icingelwe malunga namaqanda akhutshiweyo.
Ukukhenkceza amaqanda ixesha elide
Ukuba kude kube yiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo ingcamango yokwandisa ukuba ngumama ngaphaya kweminyaka engama-40 yayilula i-utopia, isayensi ibonelele ngoluhlu lweenkqubo kunye nobuchule obunika inkululeko enkulu kubasetyhini. Ngoku banokukhetha indlela nexesha lokufumana umntwana, kungakhathaliseki ubudala. Okanye ubuncinci, ukukwazi ukolula ixesha lexesha ngeminyaka embalwa.
Ukuba nomntwana emva kweminyaka engama-45 kubangela umngcipheko kumama nakumntwana kuba ngokwendalo umzimba awukho kwimeko egqibeleleyo yokukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, abafazi abaninzi beli xesha banokukhulelwa ngokuthatha inzuzo amaqanda omkhenkce. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, ezi ziindaba ezimnandi kubafazi banamhlanje.
Namhlanje ixhaphakile hlehlisa ukuba ngumama ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo: iintsapho ezidibeneyo kunye neqabane lesibini, umsebenzi, ukuzaliseka komntu, iingxaki zokungazali, izifo, njl. Ngoko ke, i ukuba ngumama emva kwexesha Iba yinto enye phakathi kwabaninzi, ukodlula amanani abonisa ukuba emva kwama-30, kwaye ngakumbi emva kwama-35, ukuchuma kokuzala.
Ukusebenza konyango
Apha izikhundla zahlukile. Kukho oogqirha abaqinisekisayo ukuba “ipesenti yokukhulelwa ayifani neembumba ezisandul’ ukuvela zisandul’ ukuvela okanye ezineembumba ezikhuselweyo. Nakwimeko yamaqanda.” Noko ke, abanye oogqirha bakholelwa ngenye indlela yaye baqinisekisa ukuba amathuba okuphumelela ayafana.
Ngaphandle kwamathuba kunye namabali okuphumelela, kubalulekile ukuthatha ingozi yokukhenkceza amaqanda xa uthatha isigqibo sokwenza unyango. Ewe, nangona bembalwa, bangaphakathi kobuninzi boonobumba. Iingcali ziyakungqina oko imingcipheko yokukhenkceza kwamaqanda Zincinci kodwa iingxaki ezithile zingenzeka. Ngokwento abayithethayo, ziyafana nezo zendlela yokuvuselela i-ovarian, eqhutyelwa kwi-in vitro fertilization.
Los eyona mingcipheko ixhaphakileyo yokukhenkceza kwamaqanda Ezi ziingxaki ezinokwenzeka ngexesha lokungenelela kwigumbi lokusebenza. Nangona i-follicular aspiration yenziwa, ukuphuma kwegazi okanye iingxaki nge-anesthesia ingenzeka. Ezinye iziphazamiso zinxulunyaniswa nento ebizwa ngokuba yi-ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, ukusabela kakubi kwi-hormonal stimulation okanye i-ovarian torsion enokwenzeka. Ukuba sithetha ngezibalo, umngcipheko wonyango lokukhenkcela kweqanda uphantsi: i-0.3% yokusuleleka okanye ukopha.
Ngoku, ngaphaya kweengozi, kufuneka kwakhona sithathele ingqalelo ezinye izinto ezenza impumelelo. Phakathi kwezinye, kukho i-ovarian reserve, inani le-oocyte elinokuthi liqiniswe. Inyathelo elongezelelweyo ekukhulelweni kwexesha elizayo likwaqinisekiswa ngu umgangatho wamadlozi Ngenxa yokuba nangona amaqanda efriziwe, enye inxalenye iyimfuneko ukufezekisa ukukhulelwa.
Amanyathelo angenamngcipheko
Ngawaphi amanyathelo onyango ekufuneka uwalandele amaqanda ngumkhenkce? Into yokuqala kukwenza idinga kunye nogqirha ukwenza uxilongo olululo malunga nokuba i-ovarian reserve injani, oku ngokusebenzisa i-ultrasound ye-transvaginal elula, apho kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze i-follicle count ephakathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uphando lwe-hormonal luya kwenziwa ukulinganisa amanqanaba e-FSH, LH kunye ne-estradiol ngosuku lwesithathu lomjikelo kunye ne-anti-Müllerian hormone.
Kwimeko apho i-follicular reserve enkulu kunye nekhwalithi eyaneleyo irekhodwa, ibhinqa lilungiselela inkqubo. ukukhupha amaqanda ukuwakhenkceza ngokusebenzisa iidosi zokuthintela ukukhulelwa ezikhuthaza ukukhula kunye nokuvuthwa kweefollicles kunye neenaliti zemihla ngemihla ze-gonadotropin engaphantsi kwe-cutaneous iintsuku ezimbalwa. Inkqubo iphela ngokulangazelela kweefollicles emva kokuthotywa.