Ukufikisa kwangaphambili ligama elisetyenziswayo ukufikisa okuqala kwangoko kunesiqhelo. Ukufikisa yinkqubo apho umntwana ekhula ngokukhawuleza aze aphuhlise iimpawu zesini zomntu omdala. Abantwana abachatshazelwa kukufikisa kwangaphambili banotshintsho ngaphambi kokuba babe neminyaka eli-9. Amantombazana avelisa iimpawu zesibini zesini, ezifana namabele, ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-8.
Engqondweni, i<em>hypothalamus ikhupha iikhemikhali, okanye ii<em>hormone, ezibangela ukuba idlala lengqula likhuphe idlala elibizwa ngokuba yi<em>gonadotropin . I-Gonadotropins ikhuthaza ukukhula kweengqungquthela zesini okanye i-gonads. Ezi gonads ngamasende kumakhwenkwe kunye nama-ovari kumantombazana. Emva koko, amasende akhulula i-testosterone kumakhwenkwe, kwaye ama-ovari akhupha i-estrogen kumantombazana. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukufikisa kuqalwa phakathi kweminyaka esi-8 ne-13 emantombazana naphakathi kweminyaka esi-9 neli-14 emakhwenkweni..
Yintoni ukufikisa kwangaphambili?
Ukufikisa kwangaphambi kwexesha, okwakwaziwa ngokuba kukufikisa kwangoko, kuxa umzimba wenkwenkwe okanye intombazana uqala ukuya kutshintsho kumzimba omdala kusekwangoko kakhulu. Ukufikisa Iqala ngokomlinganiselo phakathi kweminyaka esi-8 neli-13 ubudala kumantombazana naphakathi kwe-9 ne-14 leminyaka ubudala kumantombazana. Oogqirha baxilonga imeko xa ukufikisa kuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-8 kunye ne-9, ngokulandelanayo, kwaye iyaqhubeka ngokukhula okukhawulezayo kunye nokuvuthwa kwamathambo. Ayaziwa ngokwenene ukuba kutheni le meko yenzeka, eyenzeka malunga ne-1 kubantwana abangama-5000.
Kukho iindidi ezimbini zokufikisa kwangaphambili:
- ukufikisa okuphakathi. Yeyona ixhaphakileyo. Kufana nokufikisa okuqhelekileyo, kodwa kwenzeka kwangethuba. Idlala lepituitary liqala ukuvelisa iincindi zamadlala ezibizwa ngokuba yigonadotropins. La mahomoni abangela ukuba amasende kunye nee-ovari zenze ezinye iihomoni: i-testosterone kunye ne-estrogen. La mahomoni esondo abangela utshintsho lokufikisa, njengokukhula kwamabele kumantombazana.
- iperipheral precocious puberty okanye pseudoprecocious ebusheni. Le yimeko eyahlukileyo, kwaye ayiqhelekanga kangako. Iihomoni ze-estrogen kunye ne-testosterone zibangela iimpawu. Kodwa ingqondo kunye nedlala lepituitary azibandakanyeki kule nkqubo. Oku kudla ngokuba yingxaki ethile kuma-ovari, amasende, i-adrenal gland, okanye idlala lengqula elingasebenziyo.
Iimeko ezinokubhidaniswa nokufikisa ngaphambi kwexesha
Kukho ezinye iimeko ezinokubhidaniswa nokufikisa kwangaphambili ngenxa yeenguqu zomzimba abazenzayo kumakhwenkwe namantombazana, kodwa ukuba babonakala bengamakheswa akuthethi ukuba inkwenkwe okanye intombazana ifikelwa kukufikisa ngaphambi kwexesha. Loo miqathango imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- ukutshisa kwangaphambi kwexesha. Kulapho amabele entombazana eqala ukukhula esemncinci.
- pubarche phambi kwexesha. Ngaba nini iinwele i-pubic okanye i-axillary gland iqala ukukhula kwasebancinane. Le meko inokuba sisiphumo se-adrenarche ngaphambi kwexesha, oko kukuthi, xa amadlala e-adrenal eqala ukukhulula amahomoni okwabelana ngesondo kwangaphambi kwexesha. Ayidli ngokuba yingxaki, kwaye ayidli ngokuba luphawu lokuqala lokufikisa. Kuba inokuba luphawu lokuqala lokukhutshwa okungaqhelekanga kunye nokuninzi kweehomoni ze-adrenal, kungcono ukubonana nogqirha.
Iimpawu zokufikisa kwangaphambili
Iimpawu zokufikisa kwangaphambili kunye nokufikisa okuqhelekileyo zidla ngokufana, zahluka kuphela ngexesha ezenzeka ngalo. Iimpawu zezi zilandelayo:
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kuzo zombini izini
- ukukhula ngokukhawuleza ukuphakama
- induna
- Imbonakalo ye Ivumba lomzimba umntu omdala
- Ukubonakala kweenwele zomzimba omdala, kwi-pubis, imilenze kunye namakhwapha
utshintsho kumantombazana
- Amabele aqala ukukhula.
- Ukuya esikhathini, iminyaka emi-2 okanye emi-3 emva kokuba iimpawu zokuqala ziqale
utshintsho ebantwaneni
- Amasende, umthondo, kunye nescrotum ziqala ukukhula
- Ukutshona kwelizwi, njengophawu lokufikisa kade
Iimbangela zokufikisa kwangaphambili
Kwiimeko ezininzi, iingcali azazi ukuba yintoni ebangela ukufikisa okuphakathi, ngakumbi kumantombazana. Inani elincinane leemeko zokufikisa okusembindini kwangaphambili zibangelwa yingxaki yonyango esisiseko, ukungaxhaphakanga kumantombazana. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imbangela yile ngxaki yonyango, ichaphazela amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana angaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-6 ngokulinganayo, ngakumbi ukuba ukufikisa kuqhubeka ngokukhawuleza. Aba nobangela banokuba:
- Amathumba kunye nokunye ukukhula, ezidla ngokuba sempilweni
- Ukwenzakala kwengqondo, echaphazela ibhalansi ye-hormonal, nokuba le nzakala ibangelwa utyando okanye ukubetha entloko
- ukudumba kwengqondo, ngokuqhelekileyo kusulelo