Ukuba ngumama kanye nemidlalo esezingeni eliphezulu kube nobudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi amashumi eminyaka. Abadlali bebhola labesifazane abangochwepheshe babhekene nenkinga enzima: ukusebenza kwabo okuphezulu ngokomzimba kuhambisana nefasitela labo elivundile kakhulu. Manje, iRoyal Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) inqume ukuthatha isinyathelo esiya phambili sokushintsha leli qiniso. Lesi sikhungo siphothula isivumelwano nomtholampilo ogxile ekuzalweni okusizwayo ukuze kuxhaswe ukuqandisa amaqanda kwabadlali eqenjini lesizwe labadala.
Lesi sinyathelo, esavela ngemuva kokuba u-Alexia Putellas esiveze engxoxweni ne-El País, simelela ingqophamlando ebholeni labesifazane baseSpain. Lo mnqobi weBallon d'Or kabili kanye nabanye okaputeni beqembu lesizwe banikeze ubuholi benhlangano isidingo esibalulekile: ilungelo lokunquma ngokuba ngumama ngaphandle kokuyeka imisebenzi yabo. Isivumelwano sisesigabeni sokugcina, futhi imininingwane izokhishwa engxenyeni yesibili kaSepthemba , njengoba kuqinisekiswe yi-RFEF uqobo ezindabeni eziningana zabezindaba.
Inkinga yesakhiwo: isivuno kanye nokuzala
Ingxabano i-Federation ezama ukuyixazulula ayiyona into entsha futhi ayiyona into eyingqayizivele ebholeni. Abadlali besifazane abasezingeni eliphezulu bathola ukuthi isikhathi sabo sokuncintisana esiphezulu sihambisana neminyaka yabo emihle kakhulu yokukhulelwa. Abadlali abaningi bebhola bayalibazisa isinqumo sokuba omama, futhi lapho ekugcineni besenza kanjalo, bathola ukuthi ukuzala kwabo kwehle kakhulu. Ukuqina kwe-oocyte kuvumela abesifazane ukuba baqandise amaqanda abo ebusheni babo ukuze bawasebenzise kamuva , uma umsebenzi wabo wezemidlalo usuphelile noma uvumela ikhefu.
UMarta Perarnau, umongameli wenhlangano yabadlali i-FUTPRO, muva nje uchaze ukuthi "abadlali abaningi bebhola besifazane bayalihlehlisa isinqumo sokuba omama, futhi lapho ekugcineni benza isinqumo, kungenzeka ukuthi sekuphuze kakhulu." Le nhlangano ibilokhu inikeza ukwelulekwa ngokuzala iminyaka eminingi, kodwa ukuxhaswa ngezimali kokwelashwa bekulokhu kungaphezu kwamandla ayo. Kuze kube manje.
Isinqumo se-RFEF akusona sodwa esivele emasontweni amuva nje. I-Spanish Footballers' Association (AFE) imemezele isivumelwano neRuber International Hospital ukuze amalungu ayo angaphezu kuka-15.000 akwazi ukufinyelela iyunithi yokusiza ekuzaleni yesikhungo. Lesi sivumelwano, esasayinwa ngoJuni odlule futhi esinonyaka wokuqala, esivuselelekayo, sihlanganisa ukwelashwa kokuzala, ukutshala isidoda okwenziwe ngokwenziwa , ukuvundisa nge-in vitro, kanye nokuhlolwa kofuzo.
Kuhilelani ngempela ukuqandisa amaqanda?
Ukuqandisa amaqanda, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-oocyte vitrification, kuyindlela yezokwelapha evumela amaqanda angavundiswanga wesifazane ukuba akhishwe, aqandiswe, futhi agcinwe ukuze kulondolozwe ukuzala kwakhe. Kuyindlela yokuqandisa ngokushesha okukhulu evimbela ukwakheka kwamakristalu eqhwa ngaphakathi kwamaseli kanye nomonakalo wamangqamuzana abawubangelayo. Ngale ndlela, amaqanda agcina ikhwalithi efanayo yezinto eziphilayo ayenayo ngesikhathi sokukhishwa.
Ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi inqubo yenziwe ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-35, lapho inani kanye nekhwalithi yamaqanda kuqala ukwehla kakhulu. Nakuba kungekho mkhawulo weminyaka osemthethweni, akukhuthazwa ukuthi kwenziwe ngemva kweminyaka engama-40. Ngokwesilinganiso, kunconywa ukuthi kutholakale ama-oocyte avuthiwe aphakathi kuka-10 no-15 , yize inani lincike eminyakeni yowesifazane kanye nokugcinwa kwama-ovari.
Izibalo zokuqandisa amaqanda eSpain
Intshisekelo ekugcinweni kokuzala ikhule kancane kancane eSpain eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Ngokusho kwedatha evela kwi-Spanish Fertility Society (SEF), inani labesifazane abaqandisa amaqanda abo ukuze bahlehlise ukuba ngomama likhuphuke ngo-1.300% phakathi kuka-2010 no-2022. Irekhodi lokuqala lokugcinwa kwe-cryopreservation liqala ngo-2010, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi le ndlela ibilokhu ithuthukiswa njalo.
Idatha eyethulwe yi-Spanish Fertility Society (SEF) ngo-2025, ephathelene no-2023, ikhombisa izinga lokukhulelwa eliyi-63% kwabesifazane abagcina ukuzala kwabo ngezizathu zezokwelapha noma zenhlalo. Lesi sibalo siphezulu ngo-26% kunango-2022, okubonisa ukuthuthuka okucacile ekusebenzeni kwale ndlela. Izinga lempumelelo kulindeleke ukuthi liqhubeke nokukhula njengoba iziguli eziningi zisebenzisa amaqanda e-vitrified.
Ucwaningo lwamuva nje olwenziwe nguDexeus Mujer luqinisekisile nokwehla kweminyaka yobudala ephakathi kwabesifazane abaqandisa amaqanda abo, kusukela eminyakeni engu-38 kuya kwengu-35. Lolu lwazi lubonisa ukuqwashisa okwandayo ngokubaluleka kokwenza inqubo ngesikhathi esifanele.
Izindleko zoxhaso lomphakathi kanye nokwelashwa
ESpain, ukuqandisa amaqanda ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwempilo yomphakathi kuncike emikhawulweni ethile. Kusukela ngo-2014, iphothifoliyo yezinsizakalo ze-National Health System ifake le ndlela, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu zezokwelapha kuphela : abesifazane abasengozini yokulahlekelwa ukuzala ngenxa yokwelashwa komdlavuza, i-endometriosis, noma izimo zofuzo. Kulezi zimo, kungenzeka ukucabangela ukuthi bazokwazi yini ukuba omama ngemva komdlavuza noma ezinye izifo ezinkulu.
Kunezinto ezihlukile muva nje. IGalicia yamemezela ngo-2024 ukuthi abesifazane abaneminyaka engu-30 kuya ku-35 abangenazo izimo zokuzala bangaqandisa amaqanda abo ngohlelo lokunakekelwa kwempilo lomphakathi. Lesi sinyathelo sisetshenziswa kancane kancane: ngo-2026, kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-34 kuya ku-35; ngo-2027, sizonwetshwa kulabo abaneminyaka engu-32 no-33; kanti ngo-2028, sizotholakala kulabo abaneminyaka engu-30 no-31.
Kwabanye besifazane, ukuqandisa amaqanda ngokuzikhethela kutholakala kuphela ngokunakekelwa kwempilo kwangasese. Ukwelashwa okuphelele kubiza phakathi kuka-€2.000 no-€4.000 ngomjikelezo , yize eminye imitholampilo ikhokhisa kufika ku-€5.000. Intengo ifaka phakathi ukubonisana nodokotela, ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound, ukuhlolwa kwamahomoni, ukukhuthazwa kwama-ovari, ukutholwa kwamaqanda, kanye nokugcinwa kwawo ngonyaka wokuqala.
Izibonelo zomhlaba wonke kanye nezinselele ezisalindile
Isivumelwano se-RFEF asisona esokuqala sohlobo lwaso ebholeni labesifazane. I-Chelsea Women imemezele kuleli hlobo ukubambisana nomtholampilo oseLondon i-Fertility Plus ukunikeza abadlali bayo ukunakekelwa komuntu siqu, ukuhlolwa, ukwelashwa, kanye nokwelulekwa ngokuzala. E-United States, i-Racing Louisville yayiyiklabhu yokuqala ukusebenzisana nomtholampilo wokuzala ngo-2021 , kanti amanye amaqembu afana ne-New York Gotham kanye ne-Washington Spirit alandela okufanayo.
Ngaphandle kwebhola likanobhutshuzwayo, i-Women's Tennis Association (WTA) yethule umthetho okhethekile wokuvikela inzalo ngo-2025 ovumela abadlali ukuthi bashiye okwesikhashana uhambo ukuze balandele izinqubo zokulondoloza inzalo ngaphandle kwesijeziso sokubekwa kwabo emhlabeni. I-WNBA, yona, ifake esivumelwaneni sayo sokuxoxisana ngokuhlanganyela sika-2020 imbuyiselo efika ku-$60.000 yokumboza ukwelashwa kokuqandisa amaqanda nokuzala.
Naphezu kwethemba, iphrojekthi ye-RFEF ibhekene nezinselele zobuchwepheshe kanye nezomthetho. Eminye imithi esetshenziswa ekuvuseleleni ama-ovari isohlwini lwe-World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) lwezinto ezinqunyelwe , okuzodinga ukuthola imvume yokusetshenziswa kokwelashwa komuntu ngamunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa ngamahomoni kwandisa usayizi wama-ovari, okungaba yingozi uma kuhlanganiswa nemidlalo yokuxhumana ngenxa yengozi yokugoba kwama-ovari.
Owayengumdlali weReal Sociedad uLarraitz Lucas, owathola usizo lokuzala eminyakeni eyi-14 eyedlule, ubheka lesi sinyathelo “njengezindaba ezinhle” yize ekholelwa ukuthi “siza sekwephuzile kancane.” “Sesivele sikhuluma ngo-2026,” ekhala. Lo owayengukaputeni weReal Sociedad uphinde axwayise ngobunzima bokuhlanganisa ukwelashwa nomsebenzi womzimba onzima kakhulu.
Isivumelwano esihlangene se-Liga F, esanyatheliswa ku-Official State Gazette (BOE) ngo-Ephreli 2025, sesivele sifaka izinyathelo zokuvikela abesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangemuva kokubeletha: ukuvuselelwa kwenkontileka ezimweni ezithile, amakamelo okuncelisa, izinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwezingane ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa nemidlalo, kanye nabasebenzi abakhethekile bokubuyiselwa emphakathini. Ukuqandisa amaqanda, okuxhaswe yi-RFEF (Royal Spanish Football Federation), kumelela isinyathelo esengeziwe sokufinyelela ibhalansi yangempela yomsebenzi nokuphila phakathi kokuba ngumama kanye nemidlalo yobungcweti.
Umbuzo olandelayo usuvele usetafuleni: uma iqembu lesizwe linganikeza lesi sivikelo kubadlali balo, ingabe amaqembu kufanele enze okufanayo kubo bonke abadlali bawo bebhola besifazane? Ingxoxo ivulekile, futhi konke kusikisela ukuthi isinyathelo se-RFEF sizophawula uguquko kwezemidlalo yabesifazane baseSpain. Ukuqandisa amaqanda kubadlali bebhola besifazane akuseyona into engenzeka ngokwemfundiso kodwa kuyinto engokoqobo exhaswe ngemali, evula umnyango wezinye izinhlangano namaqembu ukuthi alandele eminyakeni ezayo.
