La i-immunology yezingane Sekungenye yezindawo ezibalulekile kwezokwelapha izingane. Namuhla, cishe wonke udokotela wezingane ubhekana nezinkinga nsuku zonke lapho amasosha omzimba ehilelekile: ukutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe, ukungezwani komzimba, izifo zokuzivikela komzimba, ukusabela emithini yokugoma, noma ngisho ezinye izifo zomdlavuzaUkuqonda ukuthi lolu hlelo lokuzivikela oluyinkimbinkimbi lusebenza kanjani kubalulekile ekunakekeleni impilo yezingane kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kwazo.
Ngenxa yentuthuko yamashumi eminyaka ambalwa edlule, insimu ye i-immunology yezokwelapha ezinganeni Lo mkhakha ukhule kakhulu. Lokhu kuye kwavumela ukuhlonza nokwelapha inani elikhulayo lezifo zokuzivikela komzimba, zombili eziyinhloko (ezazalwa nazo) nezesibili (ezitholakalayo), kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamasu okuvimbela asebenza kahle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi imijovo kanye nokwelashwa ngamasosha omzimba athile okungezwani komzimba. Konke lokhu kudinga ochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe kahle abasebenzisana nezifundo eziningi zezingane ukuze banikeze ukunakekelwa okuphelele ngempela.
Iyini i-immunology yezingane futhi ifundani?
Uma sikhuluma nge-immunology yezingane, sibhekisela egatsheni lezokwelapha elibhekene ne- Izinkinga zesimiso somzimba ezinganeni nasebancaneAmasosha omzimba anesibopho sokusivikela kumagciwane, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, izimuncagazi nezinye izinto zangaphandle, kodwa futhi nokuqaphela okungokwawo umzimba ukuze ungawuhlaseli ngephutha.
Ebuntwaneni, lolu hlelo lusakhula futhi lukhula. Ngakho-ke, i-immunology yezingane ihlanganisa izinkinga ezahlukahlukene njenge izifo eziphindaphindayo, ukungezwani nokuphefumula noma ukudla, ukuzivikela komzimba, kanye nokuntuleka kwamasosha omzimbaUmgomo walaba ochwepheshe ukuvimbela, ukuxilonga, nokwelapha lezi zinkinga, njalo bevumelanisa izivivinyo kanye nokwelashwa ukuze kuhambisane nobudala kanye nezici zengane ngayinye.
Izinsizakalo zamanje ze-immunology yezingane kanye namayunithi ngokuvamile ahlanganiswa nezindawo ze- ukungezwani komzimba emitholampilo, i-pulmonology, i-dermatology, izifo ezithelelanayo, i-gastroenterology, i-nephrology, i-oncology noma i-traumatologyPhakathi kwezinye izinto. Lokhu kubambisana okuseduze kuvumela icala ngalinye ukuthi lixazululwe ngendlela ehlukahlukene, okubaluleke kakhulu lapho izifo ziyinkimbinkimbi noma zithinta izitho nezinhlelo eziningana.
Ezibhedlela eziningi, i-immunology yezingane isebenza ngokubambisana nezinsizakalo zokungezwani komzimba kanye ne-immunology yezokwelapha, ezokwelapha izingane kanye nabantu abadala. Le ndlela ifinyelela i-a ukuqhubeka kokunakekelwa iwusizo kakhulu ezifweni ezingamahlalakhona ezingahlala impilo yesiguli yonke.
Izinkinga eziyinhloko ze-immunological ezinganeni
Singahlanganisa izinkinga ezinkulu ezixazululwa yi-immunology yezingane zibe yizigaba ezintathu: ukuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba, ukuzivikela komzimba kanye nokungezwani komzimbaNgayinye yalezi zihilela ukwehluleka okuhlukile noma ukungalingani kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela futhi idinga amasu athile okuxilonga nokwelapha.
Ukuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba Lezi zimo zibonakala ngohlelo lokuzivikela olungasebenzi ngamandla noma ngokuxhumana okudingekile. Izingane zithola izifo ezivame kakhulu, ezinzima, noma eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba kungaba okuyinhloko, okuvela ku-genetic noma ekuzalweni, noma okwesibili, okutholakala kukho konke ukuphila ngenxa yokutheleleka, ukwelashwa okucindezela amasosha omzimba, umdlavuza, noma ezinye izimbangela.
Eqenjini le- autoimmunityInkinga iphambene kakhulu: amasosha omzimba ayayeka ukubona izicubu zomzimba ngendlela efanele bese ezihlasela njengokungathi azikho kwamanye amazwe. Ebuntwaneni, lokhu kungabonakala ezifweni ezifana ne-systemic lupus erythematosus noma i-juvenile idiopathic arthritis, ezithinta izitho eziningi futhi ezidinga ukubhekwa eduze nokwelashwa isikhathi eside.
Okokugcina, isigaba sivuliwe ukungezwani komzimba ebuntwaneni Leli gama lihlanganisa izimo lapho amasosha omzimba esabela ngokweqile ezintweni ezivame ukungabi nangozi, njengempova, izibungu zothuli, ukudla, imithi, ukulunywa yizinambuzane, noma i-latex. Lokhu kusabela okungalingani kuholela ezimpawini zokuphefumula (i-rhinitis, i-asthma), izimpawu zesikhumba (i-atopic dermatitis, i-urticaria, i-angioedema), izimpawu zokugaya ukudla (ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo), noma ngisho nokusabela okukhulu kwesistimu njenge-anaphylaxis.
Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, amayunithi akhethekile e-immunology yezingane asebenza ngezinqubo zokuxilonga nokwelapha ezivumelaniswe nobudala besiguli, kucatshangelwa intuthuko yaso ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. izinga lempilo yomndeni kanye nesidingo semfundo eqhubekayo yabazali nabanakekeli.
Ukuvela kwe-immunology yezokwelapha ezinganeni
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, i-immunology isuke ekubeni yisifundo esiyisisekelo semfundiso yaba yi- insika eyisisekelo yomkhuba wansuku zonke wezinganeKuya ngokuya kucaca ukuthi cishe zonke izinqubo udokotela wezingane abhekana nazo zinengxenye ebalulekile yesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba: ukutheleleka, ukungezwani komzimba, ukuvuvukala okubukhali nokungapheli, izifo zokuzivikela komzimba, impendulo emithini yokugoma noma izimila ezithile.
Intuthuko ekuqondeni isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlonza inani elikhulayo lamagciwane izifo zokuzivikela zomzimba eziyinhloko nezesibiliLokhu kuhambisane nokuthuthuka okuphawulekayo kumathuluzi okuxilonga (kusukela ekuhlolweni okuyisisekelo kwelebhu kuya ezifundweni zofuzo ezithuthukisiwe) kanye nasezindleleni zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, ngemithi emisha yezinto eziphilayo kanye namasu akhethekile.
Isibonelo esisodwa esiphawulekayo ushintsho oluyisimanga olwenzekile endaweni ye- ukuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba okuyinhlokoEmashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, eziningi zalezi zifo azizange zibonwe noma zaphanjaniswa “nezingane ezithola umkhuhlane omningi.” Namuhla, izimpawu zazo zemitholampilo ziyaqondakala kangcono, kunezindlela zokuzisola ekubonisaneni nezingane, futhi kunezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu, kusukela ku-immunoglobulin kuya ekufakweni komnkantsha noma ukwelashwa okuqondiwe.
Lolu guquko lwesayensi lwenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ochwepheshe abanakekela izingane ezinezinkinga zesimiso somzimba bahlale benolwazi lwakamuva. isibuyekezo esiqhubekayoUkuphathwa kwanamuhla kokuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba, izinkinga zawo ezithathelwanayo, kanye nokubonakaliswa kwawo okungaba khona kokuzivikela komzimba kudinga izinga elithile lokuqeqeshwa, kokubili kwezokwelapha izingane kanye nezokwelapha zabantu abadala, ukuqinisekisa ukuguquka okubushelelezi phakathi kwezigaba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-immunology yezingane ayigcini nje ekwelapheni izifo ezikhona. Iphinde idlale indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-immunology yezingane. ukuvimbela, ikakhulukazi ngezinhlelo zokugoma kanye nezinhlelo zokuvimbela amasosha omzimba, okuhlanganisa ukugoma ekukhulelweniezishintshe kakhulu ukufa kwezinsana ngenxa yezifo ezithelelanayo emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukugoma kanye nokuvimbela i-immunoprophylaxis ebuntwaneni
Imithi yokugoma ihlose ukulingisa, ngendlela elawulwayo nephephile, impendulo yomzimba ebangelwa ukutheleleka kwemvelo. Ngamanye amazwi, ihlose ukuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sikhiqize ama-antibodies kanye nenkumbulo ye-immunological Le ndlela ihilela ukwelapha igciwane ngaphandle kokuba ingane ibhekane nesifo kanye nezinkinga zaso ezingaba khona. Ama-microorganism ancishisiwe noma angasebenzi, noma izingcezu zawo, zisetshenziselwa ukuvuselela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ngaphandle kokulimaza.
Intuthuko eqhubekayo emkhakheni wokugoma ivumele ukuthuthuka okukhulu ku ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuphepha kokugomaNamuhla, imijovo yokugoma iklanyelwe ukuba ikhethe kakhulu, ibe nemiphumela emibi embalwa futhi ikwazi ukuvusa izimpendulo eziqinile nezihlala isikhathi eside zokuzivikela komzimba. Ulwazi oluningiliziwe lokuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela somzimba sosana sisabela kanjani ku-pathogen ngayinye lusiza ekuphuculeni amashejuli okugoma nokwethula amafomula amasha.
Lolu lwazi luye lwaholela ekubuyekezweni njalo kwezikhathi zokugoma. Imithi emisha yokugoma iyafakwa, njengemithi yokugoma ehlanganisiwe yokulwa nama-serogroup ahlukene e-meningococcus, futhi kuthuthukiswa izinhlelo zokugoma zokubamba. buyisa inkumbulo yomzimba ezinganeni noma ebudaleni okungenzeka ukuthi balahlekelwe ukuzivikela, futhi kuxoxwa ngamashejuli alula emithini ethile yokugoma, njengaleyo ye- i-papillomavirus yesintu, lapho ukusebenziseka kohlelo lomthamo owodwa sekuxoxwa kakade kwezinye izimo.
I-immunology yezingane, kulo mkhakha, ayigcini ekusebenziseni uhlelo olujwayelekile. Iphinde ihlaziye isimo se- izingane ezinezifo ezingamahlalakhona noma izingane ezinezifo ezingamahlalakhona ukuze uhlele ukugoma ngokwezidingo zakho, unqume ukuthi yimiphi imijovo enconywayo, okufanele igwenywe (isibonelo, eminye imijovo yegciwane ephilayo encishisiwe) nokuthi kunini lapho kuphephile futhi kusebenza kahle khona ukuyinikeza.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-allergies kanye ne-immunodeficiencies ebuntwaneni
Ukuxilongwa okunembile kuyisisekelo sokwelashwa okuphumelelayo ku-immunology yezingane. Ngakho-ke, amayunithi akhethekile anikela isikhathi esiningi ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa okufanele. umlando wezokwelapha onemininingwane, ehlanganisa izimpawu, ukuvela kwazo, umlando womndeni, ukuchayeka okungenzeka ezintweni ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba kanye nokusabela ekwelashweni kwangaphambilini.
Emkhakheni we-allergies, kusetshenziswa izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ezihambisana nobudala bengane. Phakathi kwazo, okulandelayo kuyagqama: ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba okuhlabayoLezi zivivinyo zihilela ukufaka inani elincane lezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba esikhumbeni (ngokuvamile engalweni noma emhlane) nge-prunk encane. Ziyashesha, azihlaseli kakhulu, futhi zingaveza ukuzwela kwempova, izibungu zothuli, i-dander yezilwane, ukudla, noma ezinye izinto ezibangela lokhu.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulinganisa inani I-IgE ethile ngokumelene ne-allergen ethileLezi zifundo zivumela ukuxilongwa okunembe kakhudlwana, ukuhlolwa kwengozi yokusabela okukhulu, kanye nezinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokufaneleka kokwelashwa okufana nokwelashwa nge-immunotherapy. Kwezinye izimo, kwenziwa ukuhlaziywa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njengokuhlonza izingxenye ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba ngazinye.
Uma ukungabaza kokuxilonga kuqhubeka, noma kusolwa ukuthi kukhona ukungezwani kokudla noma izidakamizwa, ukuhlolwa kungenziwa. ukuhlolwa kokucasula okulawulwayoLokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa njalo esibhedlela futhi ngaphansi kokubhekwa okuqinile. Kuhlanganisa ukunikeza kancane kancane ukudla noma imithi okusolwayo ukuze kubonwe ukusabela kwengane nokuqinisekisa noma ukuqeda ukungezwani komzimba. Lolu hlobo lokuhlola lubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe ukudla okungadingekile kokukhipha noma ukuthola izindlela zokwelapha eziphephile.
Ucwaningo lwe-immunodeficiencies luhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuyisisekelo (inani eliphelele legazi, ama-immunoglobulins, ama-lymphocyte subpopulations) nokuhlolwa okuthuthukile kakhulu kuye ngesimo, okuhlanganisa izifundo zofuzoInhloso ukuthola ukuthi kukhona yini isici esibalulekile noma esisebenzayo kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yesistimu yomzimba esivumela izifo eziphindaphindayo noma okungathí sina ngendlela engavamile.
Ukungezwani komzimba okuvamile kwezingane kanye nokuphathwa kwazo
Ngaphakathi kwe-immunology yezingane, ukungezwani komzimba kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokubonisana. Amayunithi amaningi ezibhedlela anayo amaqembu ahlukahlukene odokotela bezifo zokungezwani komzimba ezinganeni bazinikele kakhulu ekuxilongweni kwabo, ekwelashweni nasekulandeleleni, ngokubambisana eduze nodokotela bezingane abajwayelekile kanye nabanye ochwepheshe.
I-rhinitis ye-allergy kanye ne-asthma ye-bronchial yizimbili zezifo ezibangelwa yi-asthma. izifo zokuphefumula ezivame kakhulu ebuntwaneni. Zibonakala ngezimpawu ezifana nokuthimula, ikhala eligobhozayo, ukulunywa kwamakhala, amehlo anamanzi, ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula. Indlela efanele ihlanganisa ukuhlonza izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba, ukulawulwa kwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi efanele (ama-antihistamine, ama-corticosteroids aphefumulayo, ama-bronchodilators), kanye, ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlola ukwelashwa kwe-immunotherapy ethile.
I-Las ukudla komzimba Ukungezwani komzimba nakho kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlobene nobisi lwenkomo, amaqanda, amantongomane, inhlanzi, kanye nokunye okusanhlamvu. Kulezi zimo, ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwesikhumba negazi, amayunithi akhethekile enza izinselele zokudla ngomlomo ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwa kakhulu, kokubili ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokuhlola ukuthi ingane isiye yakwazi yini ukubekezelela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, into eyenzeka kaningi ngezinye izinto zokungezwani komzimba.
La dermatitis ye-atopic Lokhu kumelela esinye isizathu esivame kakhulu sokubonisana. Izingane eziba nesikhumba esomile, i-eczema, kanye nokulunywa okukhulu okungathinta kakhulu ukulala kwazo kanye nokuphila komndeni. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa izindlela zokunakekelwa kwesikhumba zansuku zonke, ukumanzisa amanzi kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwama-corticosteroids angaphandle noma eminye imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala, kanye, uma kufaneleka, ukuhlonza nokugwema izinto ezibangela imvelo noma ukudla.
Ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba kanye nokusabela kwesikhumba okubukhali noma okungamahlalakhona nakho kuyahlolwa kulezi zingxenye. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukudla, imithi, izifo, noma izici zomzimba. Ngakho-ke, zisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba, ukuhlolwa kokuhlaziya kanye nezifundo ezithile ngokomlando wezokwelapha, ukuze kuhlukaniswe phakathi kwe-urticaria ezenzakalelayo kanye nalokho okuhlobene ngokusobala nesisusa esithile.
Emkhakheni we ukungezwani nemithiNgemithi efana nama-antibiotic noma imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala evame ukusetshenziswa ezinganeni, kusetshenziswa izinqubo zokucophelela kakhulu, ezingafaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kanye nokucasulwa okulawulwayo, ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okuthembekile. Lokhu kuyisihluthulelo sokugwema ukubiza ingane ngendlela engafanele ngokuthi inomzimba ohlukunyezwayo emuthini obalulekile, kodwa futhi nokuvimbela ukuchayeka okuyingozi lapho kuqinisekiswa ukuthi kukhona umuntu ohlukunyezwayo.
Amayunithi e-immunology yezingane: ukusebenzisana kanye nendlela ephelele
Amayunithi esimanje e-immunology yezingane kanye ne-allergy ahlelwe ngenhloso yokuhlinzeka ukunaka okuphelele, okwenzelwe umuntu siqu nokuseduze emindenini. Akukhona nje ukwenza izivivinyo nokunikeza imithi, kodwa mayelana nokusekela abazali kuyo yonke inqubo, ukuphendula imibuzo, ukubafundisa indlela yokuphatha ukwelashwa, kanye nokuvimbela izinkinga.
Ezibhedlela eziningi, odokotela bezifo ezibangelwa ukungezwani komzimba nezingane kanye nodokotela bezifo zomzimba babambisana njalo neminyango efana ne-dermatology, i-pulmonology, i-otolaryngology, i-gastroenterology, i-nephrology, izifo ezithelelanayo, i-oncology, kanye nokudla kwezingane. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuvumela ukulungiswa kokwelashwa lapho kunezimo eziningi kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokulandelela ezenzelwe isigaba ngasinye sokukhula kwengane.
Kuvamile futhi ukuthi la mayunithi asebenzisane eduze nama-laboratory akhethekile, isibonelo, ku ukuxilongwa kokungezwani komzimba (ukuhlolwa kokubhoboza, ukuhlolwa kwe-patch, ukuhlolwa kokucasula) noma ku-translational immunology, egxile ekuhumusheni okutholakele kocwaningo oluyisisekelo kube yindlela yokwelapha. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuqinisekisa ukuthi imindeni ifinyelela amasu okuxilonga akamuva kanye nezinketho ezintsha zokwelapha.
Ngaphezu kokunakekelwa kweziguli ngqo, amaqembu amaningi e-immunology yezingane ahlanganyela ku ucwaningo lwezokwelapha, ukufundisa kweziqu zokuqala neze-postgraduate, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kweziqondiso zezokwelaphaNakuba le mibhalo ingathathi indawo yokwahlulela kwezokwelapha kochwepheshe futhi ayimeleli ngokuzenzakalelayo izikhundla ezisemthethweni zemiphakathi yesayensi, isebenza njengamathuluzi awusizo okulinganisa ukunakekelwa nokuqondisa ukwenza izinqumo emisebenzini yansuku zonke.
Ezikhungweni zokudlulisela izingane, ochwepheshe be-allergy kanye ne-immunology bavumelanisa izivivinyo zokuxilonga (izivivinyo zesikhumba, izifundo ze-in vivo kanye ne-in vitro, izivivinyo zegazi, izivivinyo zomsebenzi wokuphefumula kwezingane, ukucasulwa okulawulwayo) kanye nokwelashwa (i-pharmacotherapy yezingane, i-immunotherapy ethile, imfundo yomndeni) ukuze kusebenze kahle ngangokunokwenzeka. ayihlaseli kakhulu futhi ikhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka kubantwana, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuqina kwesayensi.
Ukwelashwa: kusukela ekwelashweni ngamakhambi kuya ekwelashweni ngama-immunotherapy kanye nokwelashwa ngezinto eziphilayo
Indlela yokwelapha ekugomeni kwezingane ibanzi kakhulu futhi isukela ezindleleni ezilula zokulawula imvelo noma ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba kuya ukwelashwa kwezinto eziphilayo okuqondile kakhuluUkukhetha phakathi kwenketho eyodwa noma enye kuncike ohlotsheni lwesifo, ubukhali baso, iminyaka yengane, kanye nokuba khona kwezinye izifo ezihlobene naso.
Ezimweni zokungezwani komzimba okuncane noma okuphakathi, imbangela eyinhloko ivame ukuba yi- ukwelashwa kwemithi yezinganeUkwelashwa kuhilela ama-antihistamine, ama-corticosteroids (athathwa ngomlomo, adonswa ngomlomo, noma aphefumulwa, kuye ngokuthi isimo sinjani), ama-bronchodilator, ama-emollient creams, kanye neminye imithi elawula izimpawu futhi inciphise ukuvuvukala. Konke lokhu kuhlanganiswe nezinyathelo zokuvimbela, njengokunciphisa ukuchayeka ezintweni ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba noma ukuqeda ukudla okuthile okulawulwayo.
Uma ukungezwani komzimba kuqhubeka noma kunomthelela omkhulu ezingeni lempilo, kucatshangelwa ukwelashwa. ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy ethile noma “imijovo yokugomela ukungezwani komzimba”Lokhu kwelashwa kuhilela ukunikeza imithamo eyengeziwe ye-allergen ebangela ukungezwani komzimba (ngaphansi kwesikhumba noma ngaphansi kolimi) isikhathi eside ukuze "kuqeqeshwe" isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ukuze siyeke ukusabela ngokweqile. Uma kuboniswe futhi kuqondiswa kahle, ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy kungashintsha indlela yemvelo yesifo sokungezwani komzimba.
Emkhakheni wokuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba kanye nezinye izifo zokuzivikela komzimba noma ukuvuvukala, okulandelayo kuye kwavela kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva: ukwelashwa kwezinto eziphilayo okusekelwe kuma-antibodies e-monoclonalLezi zindlela zokwelapha eziqondiwe zibopha kuma-molecule athile ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba ukuze zivimbele izindlela ezithile zesifo, okuvumela ukuthi lesi sifo silawulwe ngemiphumela emibi embalwa esakazekile kunezindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zokucindezela amasosha omzimba.
Akufanele sikhohlwe, ngaphezu kwalokho, indima ye- imfundo yemindeni ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi yokutakula, njenge-adrenaline auto-injectors ye-anaphylaxis noma i-inhaler ye-asthma. Ukufundisa abazali nabanakekeli ukuqaphela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso futhi bathathe isinyathelo ngokushesha kubaluleke kakhulu njengomuthi obhalwe ngudokotela uqobo futhi kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wansuku zonke walezi zingxenye.
Ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njengokuntuleka okukhulu kwamasosha omzimba, indlela ingafaka phakathi izindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe ezifana i-hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation noma ukufinyelela ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo ngama-molecule amasha, ahlolwa njalo ngamathimba ochwepheshe nasezindaweni ezikhethekile kakhulu zesibhedlela.
Ukuqeqeshwa, iziqondiso kanye nekusasa le-immunology yezingane
Intuthuko esheshayo ye-immunology yenza imfundo eqhubekayo ibe yinto eza kuqala. Amakomidi namaqembu okusebenza emiphakathini yesayensi ayathuthuka izinqubo zokuxilonga nokwelapha ku-allergology kanye ne-immunology yezokwelapha ezisebenza njengosizo kochwepheshe, yize zingalokothi zithathe indawo yokwahlulela kwazo futhi zingameli ngempela isikhundla esisemthethweni sezinhlangano zezingane.
ucwaningo ku izifo ezithelelanayo ezivelayo, izifo ezibangelwa yizilwane ezizalwa kabusha, ukuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba kanye nokuzivikela komzimba okuzenzakalelayo Kuyanda. Izikhungo zomhlaba wonke kanye namaqembu ochwepheshe basebenza ukuze baqonde kangcono indima yesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba kulezi zifo futhi bathuthukise imithi yokugoma emisha, ukwelashwa kwezinto eziphilayo, ngisho namasu emithi eqondene nomuntu ngamunye ngokusekelwe kuphrofayela yomzimba yesiguli ngasinye.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yaleli kusasa ihilela i-immunology yokuhumushaokuhlose ukuletha ukutholakala kwelebhu eceleni kombhede wesiguli ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukubambisana phakathi kwamayunithi emitholampilo ye-immunology yezingane kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izingane ziyazuza kulezi ntuthuko ngesikhathi esifanele nangaphansi kwezimo eziphephile.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwenziwa imizamo yokwenza i-immunology ibe yingxenye ye isiko eliyisisekelo lokwelapha izinganeAkukhona ukuthi bonke odokotela bezingane bangochwepheshe bezifo, kodwa ukuthi baqonde kahle imiqondo ebalulekile yokuthi amasosha omzimba asebenza kanjani, bazi ukuthi kufanele basole nini ukuthi kukhona yini ukuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba, ukungezwani komzimba okuyinkimbinkimbi noma ukuzivikela komzimba, futhi bathumele iziguli ngokushesha emayunithi akhethekile uma kudingeka.
Lonke lo mzamo ohlangene uphishekela umgomo ocacile kakhulu: ukuthi i-immunology ayibe isasebenza “njengomsebenzi onzima futhi oqhelelene” futhi iba ithuluzi eliwusizo nelansuku zonke ukuqonda kangcono iziguli zezingane nokunakekela impilo yazoEhhovisi likadokotela wezingane wanamuhla, i-immunology ikhona cishe kuzo zonke izinqumo mayelana nokuvimbela, ukuxilongwa, kanye nokwelashwa.
I-immunology yezingane, esekelwa amayunithi akhethekile, izinhlelo zokugoma ezisebenzayo, izinqubo eziklanywe kahle, kanye nokwelashwa okunembe kakhulu, sekuyinto ebalulekile yezokwelapha zezingane zanamuhla. Ukuqonda izisekelo zayo, izifo zayo eziyinhloko, nokuthi izinsizakalo ezinikezayo zihlelwe kanjani kuvumela imindeni ukuthi yenze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi ibambisane ngenkuthalo namaqembu ezempilo ukuze izingane ezine-allergies, i-immunodeficiencies, noma izifo zokuzivikela komzimba zikwazi ukujabulela impilo enempilo. impilo egcwele, ephephile futhi enempilo ngangokunokwenzeka.
