La ukunqamuka kokuqala Yisikhathi lapho owesifazane okumele adlule kukho ngaphambi kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, okwenzeka ngo-a ushintsho olukhulu lwe-hormonal futhi kubangele izinguquko ezithile esikhathini sakhe. Abesifazane abaningi bahlushwa ukuya esikhathini esiningi futhi ngenxa yalokhu sizohlaziya ukuthi kungani kwenzeka nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ukuze ubhekane nakho ngendlela engcono kakhulu.
Kulesi sigaba owesifazane ufinyelela iminyaka yobudala lapho isivele inezela nge-ovulation encane, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni ocansi (i-progesterone ne-estrogen) kuguqulwa futhi kucasulwe Ukugeleza kokuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile. Akuwona njalo ukopha okuchichimayo, kwabanye besifazane babangela ukuma okuphezulu nokuya esikhathini ngaphandle kokuya esikhathini futhi ngaphandle kokwenza izinguquko ezinkulu.
Kuyini i-premenopause?
Ukunqamuka ngaphambi kwesikhathi yisigaba umuntu wesifazane adlula kuso esemdala. Kuleli qophelo iminyaka yabo yokuzala iyancipha futhi iqala ukungayi esikhathini. Phakathi kwezinye izinguquko, ungase ube nezinguquko ezingokomzimba noma ezingokwengqondo, njengokukhathazeka, ukudangala noma ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa ethile.
Ungase ube nebanga elide okufanele uhambe uze ufinyelele ekunqamukeni kokuya esikhathini, kusukela iminyaka emibili kuya kweyisikhombisa ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-40 nengama-50. Phakathi nale nqubo ungase ube okuhambisana nezinguquko eziningi, njengokungalingani kwamahomoni, ukomisa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma ukujuluka ebusuku. Nakuba i-premenopause ingenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili ezahlukene kwabesifazane:
- Abesifazane bangangena isikhathi eside esingafika onyakeni ngaphandle kokuya esikhathini futhi kakade usuya esikhathini, engezwa neze izinguquko ezinkulu empilweni yakhe.
- O bonisa izinguquko ze-hormonal kanye noshintsho phakathi nale nqubo, enemithetho eminingi futhi kwezinye izimo kuze kube buhlungu. Kufika ku-25% abesifazane abahlushwa yile nqubo.
Kungani ukuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile kwenzeka ku-perimenopause?
Ngalesi sikhathi umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini udala uguquko. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi Amazinga e-progesterone ne-estrogen ehla enyuka. Ngokungalandeli iphethini eqinile, ama-ovari akhiqiza ukuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile nangosuku olungalungile. Ngaphezu kokuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile, ukopha okukhulu kungenzeka futhi lapho izinsuku zokuya esikhathini zinde kunezinsuku eziyi-7 noma ngaphezulu kunokujwayelekile.
Ukuba seduze nesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini i-ovulation izonyamalala ngakho-ke ku-endometrium yathi ukuhlukaniswa ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kokubangela ukugeleza kokuya esikhathini. Uma unesikhathi esiyizinyanga eziyi-12 ngaphandle kokuya esikhathini, usungakwazi ukudonsa umnyango wokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini.
Lapho kunokopha esithweni sangasese sowesifazane ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini
Enye yezimbangela zalokhu kopha yi i-vaginal atrophy. Kubangelwa uma ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini sekungene lapho kwenzeka khona ngezikhathi ezithile. Kungenxa yokuncipha kwe-estrogen ku-endometrium futhi kubangela ukuthi ulwelwesi olungaphakathi lwesibeletho lube mncane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke lokhu kopha kwenzeka.
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya uma kukhona ubukhona be i-uterine fibroids. Babizwa i-leiomyomas noma i-fibroids, Ukukhula okungenawo umdlavuza ngaphakathi kwesibeletho okuthi, njengoba kukhulu, kubangela ubuhlungu be-pelvic, ukuqunjelwa, izinkinga zokuchama, nokopha.
- El i-endometrial polyp Ziyizimila eziyingozi ezikhula ku-endometrium nomlomo wesibeletho. Kudingekile ukuba uwasuse ukuze angakhiqizi ukopha okukhulu.
- I-Endometritis Kuyisifo nokuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwesibeletho, okubangelwa ukutheleleka noma izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. Ukwelashwa kwakho kuzoncika ekutheni iyini imbangela.
- Esinye isizathu kungaba i-endometrial hyperplasia, ngenxa yokukhula ngokweqile kwamangqamuzana olwelwesi lwesibeletho.
- Ezinye izimo, kodwa mancane amathuba okuba yi umdlavuza we-endometrial kanye nomdlavuza wesibeletho. Ziyizimila eziyingozi ezitholakala kulezi zindawo nalapho kuzoba khona uhlobo olukhethekile lokwelapha.
- Ukuthatha eminye imithi Zingaba futhi imbangela. Isetshenziswa njenge-hormone therapy ukuya esikhathini kungabangela lokhu kopha.
Uma ubhekene nanoma iyiphi inkinga ngalokhu ukopha, kufanele uye ku-a udokotela womndeni kufanele adluliselwe ku-gynecologist. Kuzokwenziwa uchungechunge lokuhlolwa, okuhlanganisa i-ultrasound ye-transvaginal, i-hysteroscopy yokufaka ikhamera noma i-biopsy ye-endometrium.