Ubisi lwebele alugcini nje ngokulondla ingane, kodwa futhi lungathonya ngokunamandla isimo se-microbiota yamathumbu ayo ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila. Ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe eliholwa yi-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) lithole ukuthi ukuncelisa ibele kuphela kuhlotshaniswa nokuba khona okuncane kwezakhi zofuzo zokumelana nama-antibiotic emathunjini ezinsana, okutholakele okuvula imibono emisha ekulweni nenye yezinselele ezinkulu zezempilo zekhulu lama-21.
Lolu cwaningo, olushicilelwe kumagazini i -Cell Reports Medicine , luhlaziye okubizwa ngokuthi i-gut resistome, isethi yezakhi zofuzo ezivumela amabhaktheriya ukuthi amelane nemithi yokulwa namagciwane. Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ama-oligosaccharides obisi lomuntu (ama-HMO), ama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi angagaywa yizinsana ngokuqondile, adlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo. Lawa shukela, akha ingxenye yesithathu eningi kakhulu yobisi lwebele , asebenza njengomthombo wokudla okhethiwe wamabhaktheriya awusizo ohlobo lwe- Bifidobacterium , esiza ekwakheni indawo yamathumbu lapho ama-microorganisms athwala izakhi zofuzo zokumelana eba nobunzima obukhulu bokwanda.
Kuyini ukumelana futhi kungani kubalulekile ebuntwaneni?
Ukumelana nama-antibiotic sekuwusongo lomhlaba wonke, ngokusho kwe-World Health Organisation, okungabangela ukufa kwezigidi zabantu emashumini eminyaka ezayo uma kungathathwa sinyathelo. Nakuba ngokwesiko kuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwale mithi, izakhi zofuzo zokumelana zingatholakala kumagciwane asemathunjini kusukela ezigabeni zokuqala zokuphila, ngisho nalapho ingane ingakadalulwanga ngqo emithini. Ngakho-ke, izinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala zimelela ifasitela elibalulekile lokwakheka kwe-gut microbiota kanye, ngenxa yalokho, i-resistome.
Ucwaningo lwenziwe kusetshenziswa amasampula endle avela ezinsaneni ezingu-57 ezinenyanga eyodwa ezingaphansi kweqembu le-MAMI, iphrojekthi eMphakathini waseValencian elandela omama nezingane kusukela ekuzalweni kuya eminyakeni eyisithupha ubudala. Imiphumela yaqinisekiswa kamuva ngeqembu elizimele elivela eNetherlands, i-LLNEXT, elalihlanganisa idatha evela ezinsaneni ezingu-199. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa okuphindwe kabili kuqinisa ukuqina kweziphetho, njengoba amaphethini afanayo ebonwe ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zabantu.
Ukuncelisa ibele okukhethekile njengesivikelo semvelo
Abacwaningi baphawule ukuthi izinsana ezinceliswa ubisi lwebele kuphela zazinezakhi zofuzo ezimelana namagciwane eziningi kanye nokuhlukahluka okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo ezinceliswa ezinye izinhlobo zokudla okunempilo. Lobu budlelwano buqhubeke ngisho nangemva kokulungisa ezinye izici ezifana nendlela yokubeletha, okuphakamisa ukuthi ukuncelisa ubisi lwebele kunomphumela ozimele wokuvikela . Ngokusho kuka-M. Carmen Collado, umcwaningi e-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) e-Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), "ukukhuthaza ukuncelisa ubisi lwebele kubonakala kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa izakhi zofuzo ezimelana namagciwane ezikhona emiphakathini yamagciwane amathumbu ngesikhathi esibucayi."
Okunye okubalulekile okutholakele ukuthi uhlobo lokubeletha luphinde luthinte i-resistome. Izingane ezizalwa ngokuhlinzwa zibonise umehluko ekwahlukeni kwezakhi zofuzo zokumelana uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo ezizalwa ngesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Kodwa-ke, ukuncelisa kubonakala sengathi kunciphisa ingxenye yalo mthelela, kugcizelela kakhulu ukubaluleka kokukhuthaza ukuncelisa kuzo zonke izimo, ikakhulukazi lapho ukuhlinzwa kungenakugwenywa.
Indima yama-oligosaccharides kanye nofuzo lukamama
Enye yeminikelo emisha kakhulu yocwaningo ukuhlonza ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwama-HMO kanye nokwakheka kwe-resistome. Lawa ma-molecule, ahlukahluka ngobuningi nangohlobo phakathi komama, anqunywa ngokwengxenye yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-secretory state, esihlotshaniswa ne-FUT2 gene. Omama abanale phrofayili yezakhi zofuzo bakhiqiza ubisi olunezinga eliphezulu lama-oligosaccharides athile njenge-2′-fucosylactose (2′FL) kanye ne-6′-sialylacose (6′SL), okwakuhlotshaniswa nokuba khona okuphansi kwezakhi zofuzo zokumelana emathunjini omntwana.
Izinsana ezinceliswa ngomama abakhipha ubisi lwebele zibonise ukuba khona okukhulu kwamagciwane awusizo ohlobo lwe- Bifidobacterium , olukwazi ukusebenzisa lawa shukela njengomthombo wamandla. Njengoba u-Anna Samarra, umcwaningi oqeqeshwe e-IATA-CSIC futhi okwamanje ose-University of California, eSan Diego, echaza, “izinyanga zokuqala zokuphila zimelela ifasitela elibalulekile lapho i-microbiota yamathumbu yakheka khona futhi lapho izici ezahlukene zemvelo, njengohlobo lokubeletha noma ukondla, zingashiya uphawu oluhlala njalo.” Lokhu okutholakele kugcizelela ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zikamama zithonya ikhwalithi yobisi , futhi ngenxa yalokho, impilo yesikhathi esizayo yosana.
Isinyathelo esiqhubekela phambili ekulweni nokumelana namagciwane
Lokhu okutholakele akusho ukuthi ubisi lwebele luqeda ngokuphelele ukumelana nama-antibiotic, kodwa lunikeza ubufakazi obubalulekile besayensi. Ukuqonda ukuthi izingxenye ezisebenzayo zobisi lomuntu ziguqula kanjani imvelo yamathumbu kungasiza esikhathini esizayo ukuthuthukisa amasu okuvimbela ukumelana nama-antimicrobial, okubangela ukufa kwezinkulungwane zabantu emhlabeni wonke minyaka yonke. Abalobi balolu cwaningo, oluhilele nabacwaningi abavela eNyuvesi yaseValencia, eSibhedlela saseMitholampilo saseYunivesithi yaseValencia, eNyuvesi yaseTrento, eNyuvesi yaseChile, eNyuvesi yaseGroningen, kanye naseNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eSan Diego, baxwayisa ngokuthi kusadingeka izifundo ezinkulu zesikhathi eside ukuze kuqondwe ngokugcwele izindlela ezihilelekile.
ULars Bode, umphenyi oyinhloko e-Human Milk Institute eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eSan Diego, ugcizelela ukuthi “izakhi zofuzo zikamama, ngesimo sokukhipha uketshezi, zinquma iphrofayili ye-glycan yobisi, ethonya ukwakheka kwasekuqaleni kokumelana kwamathumbu omntwana.” Le miphumela iqinisa umqondo wokuthi ubisi lwebele aluyona nje ukudla, kodwa luyisithako sebhayoloji esisebenzayo esikwazi ukwakha i-microbiome yosana olusanda kuzalwa ngokunenzuzo.
Umphakathi wesayensi ubheka lolu hlobo locwaningo lubalulekile ekuqondeni ubunzima bobisi lomuntu kanye nomthelela walo wesikhathi eside empilweni. Ukumelana nama-antibiotic kuyinkinga engazi mingcele futhi edinga izixazululo ezintsha. Lokhu kutholakala, okuhlanganiswe eSpain ngokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, kubeka ukuncelisa njengethuluzi lemvelo nelifinyelelekayo lokusiza ukuvimbela lesi simo kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila.
