Uma sikhuluma nge-ADHD, umbuzo wokuqala ophakama ngokwemvelo ukuthi ingabe imithi iyadingeka ngempela yini ukuthuthukisa isimo. Iqiniso liwukuthi, nakuba kungebona bonke abantu abadinga imithi, ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abaningi, le mithi iyithuluzi elibalulekile elibavumela ukuthi bahlele imicabango yabo, bangazinaki iziphazamiso, futhi baphinde balawule izifiso zabo.
Akufanele sibheke imithi njengomuthi wokwelapha omangalisayo, ngoba i-ADHD akuyona isifo esingelapheka, kodwa yisimo. Lokho okwenziwa yile mithi ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana kwe-neuronal , kusiza ubuchopho ukuthi busebenze kahle. Ngokuyisisekelo kufana nokufaka izibuko kumuntu ongaboni kahle: akushintshi amehlo akhe, kodwa kumvumela ukuthi agxile emhlabeni ngendlela efanele.
Izinhlobo zezidakamizwa nendlela ezisebenza ngayo ebuchosheni
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani zisebenza, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-ADHD ihlotshaniswa namazinga anganele ezithunywa ezithile zamakhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-neurotransmitters. Ngokuyinhloko, le mithi ihlose i-dopamine kanye ne-norepinephrine , ezibhekene nokuphatha ukunaka, ukuqaphela, kanye nokulawula ukunyakaza komzimba.
Izikhuthazi: umugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela
Lena imithi esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi isebenza ngokushesha. Ihlukaniswe kakhulu ngemindeni emibili: i-methylphenidate kanye nama-amphetamine . Le mithi yandisa ukutholakala kwe-dopamine esikhaleni esiphakathi kwama-neurons, okuholela ekhonweni elikhulu lokugxilisa ingqondo.
- Ukukhishwa okusheshayo: Zinomphumela wesikhashana, ngokuvamile zihlala amahora amathathu kuya kwayisithupha. Zishibhile kodwa zidinga ukuthatha imithamo kaningana ngosuku, okungaba yinkinga esikoleni.
- Ukukhululwa okwandisiwe noma okuguquliwe: Zenzelwe ukukhulula isithako esisebenzayo kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke, ngomthamo owodwa ekuseni, umphumela ungahlala amahora afinyelela kwangu-12, uvimbele ingane ekudingeni imithi esikoleni.
Phakathi kwamagama emikhiqizo aziwa kakhulu kukhona iRitalin, iConcerta, iAdderall, neVyvanse . Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela, njengoba amanye ama-capsule akhipha kancane kancane engenakuchotshozwa noma ahlafunwe ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yokukhipha kancane kancane, yize kunezinhlobo zama-granule ezingaxutshwa nokudla kulabo abanenkinga yokugwinya.
Izinketho ezingezona ezivuselelayo: ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo
Uma izikhuthazi zingavumelani nawe noma zibangela imiphumela emibi engathandeki, ama-non-stimulants ayasebenza. Ngokungafani nezikhuthazi, lawa awasebenzi ngokushesha; kungathatha amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele intuthuko, kodwa umphumela wawo uvame ukuhlala amahora angama-24 ngosuku.
I-Atomoxetine (Strattera) ivame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala eSpain, njengoba ilawula i-norepinephrine ngaphandle kokuba yisikhuthazi sesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. I-Guanfacine ne-clonidine nazo ziyatholakala , ezisiza ekunciphiseni ukushesha kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile.
Umhlahlandlela onemininingwane wemithi evamile
Ukuze sigweme ukudideka, lapha sichaza imithi evame kakhulu ngokuya ngobude bayo nohlobo lwayo:
- Ukusebenza okusheshayo (amahora angu-4-6): I-Adderall, i-Dexedrine, i-Ritalin kanye ne-Focalin.
- Ukusebenza okuphakathi nendawo/okuthatha isikhathi eside (amahora angu-8-12): I-Concerta, i-Daytrana (esiqeshaneni), i-Vyvanse kanye ne-Quillivant XR.
- Isenzo samahora angu-24: I-Strattera, i-Intuniv kanye ne-Qelbree.
Endabeni yabantu abadala eSpain, i-methylphenidate (njenge-Equasym noma i-Medikinet) isalokhu iyindinganiso yegolide , yize ngezinye izikhathi inikezwa "ngaphandle kwelebula", okusho ukuthi udokotela uthatha umthwalo wemfanelo ngaphansi kwemvume enolwazi yesiguli.
Imiphumela emibi kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha
Akusikho konke ukukhanya kwelanga nezimbali, futhi ezinye izinkinga zingase zivele, yize eziningi zincane futhi zinyamalale uma umzimba usujwayele. Ezivame kakhulu ukuphelelwa yisifiso sokudla kanye nokungalali , kanye nokucasuka noma ikhanda.
Kunemiphumela emibi eqondile kakhulu kuye ngokuthi umuthi usetshenziswa kanjani: i-atomoxetine ingabangela ukucasuka kwesisu noma, ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, ithinte isibindi. I-Guanfacine ingabangela ukozela noma ukwehla komfutho wegazi . Uma umuthi ubangela "umphumela wokubuyela emuva" (isimo sengqondo esibi ngemva komthamo), udokotela angase alungise isikhathi noma ashintshe umthamo.
Kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela wezingane noma wezifo zengqondo nganoma yimuphi umlando wesifo senhliziyo noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme , njengoba ezinye izikhuthazi zingase zingavunyelwe kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo noma i-glaucoma abazalwa nayo.
Izinganekwane namaqiniso mayelana nemithi
Kukhona ukwesaba ukuthi le mithi izoguqula izingane zibe "ama-zombie" noma isebenze njengesango lokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Isayensi ithi okuhlukile: ngemithamo yokwelapha, izikhuthazi azithulisi noma zithulise ngokwenziwa , kodwa kunalokho zisiza ngokugxila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi zandisa ingozi yokulutha; empeleni, ukwelapha i-ADHD ngendlela efanele kunganciphisa ingozi yokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa ebuntwaneni, njengoba kusiza ukulawula ukungazimiseli okungokwemvelo kwalesi sifo.
Ukwelashwa okuhlukile nokwengeziwe
Kulabo abangabekezeleli izidakamizwa zakudala, kunezinketho ezifana ne -bupropion (umuthi wokucindezeleka osiza nge-dopamine) noma i-modafinil , yize lokhu kokugcina kusetshenziswa kakhulu kwi-narcolepsy futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo ku-ADHD kungokwesibili futhi kungaphansi kokuqashwa okuqinile.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi imithi akuyona yonke into. Impumelelo yangempela iza nendlela yokusebenzisa izindlela eziningi : ukuhlanganisa imithi nokwelashwa kokuziphatha, ukwesekwa kwezemfundo, kanye nesiqondiso ekhaya. Le mithi ithuthukisa isikhathi sokunaka, kodwa ukwelashwa kufundisa isiguli indlela yokuzihlela nokuphatha ukucindezeleka.
Ukuphatha i-ADHD kudinga isineke nokuqapha njalo isisindo, ukuphakama, kanye nomfutho wegazi. Ukuthola ibhalansi efanele phakathi komthamo kanye nemithi kuyinqubo yomuntu ngamunye lapho ukuxhumana phakathi kwabazali, othisha, nodokotela kubalulekile ukuze umuntu afinyelele amandla akhe aphelele ngaphandle kokubhekana nemiphumela emibi emibi kakhulu.