Njengoba sisebusuku obandulela uKhisimusi, futhi siyazi ukuthi iningi lenu limatasa nokucabanga ukuthi 'yimaphi amathoyizi enizowathengela izingane zenu', sifuna ukunisiza kancane, enikeza uchungechunge lwezeluleko ongakhetha kuzo; Siqala namuhla ngesigaba seminyaka esisuka ku-0 siye eminyakeni engu-3 ubudala. Ngicacisa ukuthi izingane zidinga okuncane maqondana nokudlala ngamathoyizi, ngoba ukuxhumana nabantu abadala (kanye nezwe langaphandle), kuhambisana nokuhlonipha izinga lokukhula (kuya ngokuthi kuvunyelwe ukukhasa noma ukukhasa), ukuthuthukiswa; ngaphandle kokubala amathuba esiwanikezayo wokuhamba nawo noma yikuphi, ukuvakashela inkundla yokudlala, nokukhohliswa kwezinto zemvelo ezinjengomhlaba noma amaphayini.
Phakathi kwezinyanga ezingama-0 nezingama-36, kwenzeka izinto eziningi, kuwo wonke amazinga; Mayelana nokudlala, ingane esanda kuzalwa ayidingi amathoyizi ngenkathi ingane eneminyaka emithathu ubudala ingenza ukugibela okufishane ngebhayisikili ngaphandle kwama-pedals, enganeni enezinyanga ezine ubudala, imidlalo yokunyakaza nomama noma nobaba ingahle yanele, ingane enezinyanga ezingama-4 izolandela eduze izingane izindaba ezimfishane lapho zifundwa.
Ukudlala kwezingane kungaphezu kokufundwa, futhi kuyaziwa lokho kuguquka ngokukhula; izinkolelo zemidlalo zisungula izigaba ezahlukahlukene Lezi zigaba zibonakala zenzeka kuzo zonke izingane, nakuba ukuqala kwazo kwehluka kuye ngengane. Lezi zigaba zihlanganisa isiteji senzwa (okuhlobene nokudlala okusebenzayo), isigaba sangaphambi kokusebenza (umdlalo ongokomfanekiso), kanye nesiteji sokusebenza esiphathekayo (esingaqali kuze kube yilapho sesineminyaka eyi-6 futhi sibonakala ngekhono lokudlala ngemithetho). Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi, cishe izinyanga eziyi-12, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi 'umdlalo wokwakha' kuyavela futhi kuqhubeke kuyo yonke iminyaka, kujwayelane nezigaba ezishiwo ngenhla. Ukuqonda lezi zigaba kusiza ekukhetheni amathoyizi afanele isigaba ngasinye..
Enganeni, ukudlala kufanele kube ngumsebenzi ophambili, futhi ufeza imisebenzi emibili ebaluleke kakhulu: ukusekela intuthuko nokunikeza injabulo, ukwandisa okwakamuva lapho umdlalo ukhululekile (okungukuthi, ngaphandle kwemithetho ebekwe ngabantu abadala). Ukudlala kungumsebenzi odingekayo, futhi abazali kufanele 'baziphoqelele' ukwenza lula ukudlala, kungakhathalekile ubudala; Kokunye okuthunyelwe okuhlobene nathi sizokukhumbuza, ngoba namuhla sizogxila ezinganeni, futhi akekho ongabazayo ukuthi impilo yabo kumele igxile emidlalweni (futhi mhlawumbe namathoyizi). Ukuba khona kwakho, phansi, nezinto zansuku zonke kuvame ukuba "ithoyizi" elingcono kakhulu..
Ungawakhetha kanjani amathoyizi ezingane kusuka eminyakeni engu-0 ukuya kwengu-3: amathiphu okuphepha
Okokuqala, kufanele ngikukhumbuze ukuthi lapho uthenga, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizo unophawu lwe-CE, uqinisekise ukuthi seludlulile ezinye izivivinyo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi ithoyizi alinazo izingxenye ezincane ezingahogela noma zingenisweNgaphezu kwalokho, ibhokisi kufanele lisho ngokucacile ukuthi liyifanele iminyaka esikhuluma ngayo (izinyanga ezi-0 kuye kwezingama-36); okuchaza ukuthi kungani amanye amathoyizi esho okuphambene: 'ukuthi awafaneleki izingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingama-36'. Ilebula yobudala ayisona isiqondiso; kuyisidingo sokuphepha..
Imithethonqubo yaseYurophu iqine kakhulu, futhi kufanele kube njalo, ngoba ucezu oluqhamukayo lungaba njalo kubangela i-asphyxia ngokumincakanye nethoyizi elipendwe ngemikhiqizo enobuthi, lingabangela ukucasuka. Ngaso sonke isikhathi hlola ukulebula nokuhambisana kwe-CE.
Ngaphezu kokumaka kwe-CE, kufanelekile ukucatshangelwa izinto ezingezona ezinobuthi kanye nokuqedwa (opende abangenawo umthofu nabangenayo i-phthalate), imiphetho eyindilinga, ama-seam aqinile kumathoyizi aluhlaza, nokuthi amabhethri (uma ekhona) akuzingxenye ezifakwa ngezikulufu. Gwema ozibuthe abanamandla namabhethri enkinobho kumathoyizi ezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-3 ubudalaUkuphepha kuhlanganisa ukuzinza nokuqina wethoyizi ukuze lingaphuki libe yizicucu ezincane ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.
Kuyinto elula ukukhumbula ukuphepha futhi lapho ukhipha: amabhokisi, izimvu zamanzi, amapulasitiki namaphepha okusonga, akufanele ashiywe lapho ingane encane ifinyelela khona, ukugwema ukubamba noma ukugwinya into. Uma ingane inezelamani ezindala futhi isineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-7 ubudala, bazochazelwa ukubaluleka kokuqoqa nokugcina izinto zabo, ukuze ingane ingakwazi ukuzithathaUma besebancane, kufanele sizibandakanye kakhulu emdlalweni wazo zonke izingane, sibambe iqhaza futhi ngasikhathi sinye siqinisekise ukuthi izingozi azenzeki. Hlola isimo samathoyizi njalo futhi ususe noma yiziphi ezilimele..
Ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo ezengeza ekuphepheni nasekujabuleni, ezigqugquzelwa iziqondiso ezihamba phambili, yilezi: ungawasebenzisi ngokweqile amathoyizi “ahlakaniphile” abenzela yonke into ingane, babeke phambili amathoyizi avulekile ezivumela ukusetshenziswa okuhlukile, futhi hhayi ukumiswa ngocansi Ngokombono wengane: umdlalo ongokomfanekiso owawo wonke umuntu. inani elilinganiselwe Kuyabasiza ukuthi bagxilise ingqondo; amathoyizi amaningi kakhulu angawashukumisa ngokweqile.
Ungakhetha kanjani amathoyizi wezingane ezineminyaka engu-0 kuya kwemi-3: yiziphi amathoyizi ongawanikeza njengezipho?
Izingane ezisukela ezinyangeni ezi-0 kuye kweziyisithupha
Uma unomntwana kule minyaka, ngokuqinisekile uyamangala ukuthi baye bahlakulela ngokushesha kanjani ikhono lokulandela ngamehlo abo, ukuhambisa izandla zabo ezincane futhi bazibone. Umdlalo wabo ungokwezinzwa nowomzimba..
Uyelulekwa onodoli benjoloba, ubumbanoAmathoyizi anezibuko, amaselula, noma omati abathintekayo. Engeza amathoyizi athambile enziwe ngezindwangu ze-hypoallergenic. i-silicone noma ama-tenerers enjoloba yemvelo kanye nezincwadi zokuqhathanisa okuphezulu (ezimhlophe / ezimnyama / ezibomvu) ezivuselela amehlo. Indawo yokuzivocavoca Bakhuthaza ukukhahlela, ukubamba nokuphendula ikhanda, ukukhuthaza ukusebenzisana kwamehlo nokulawula ikhanda.
Izinzuzo ezibalulekile: ukuvuselela izinzwa (ukubona, ukuzwa, ukuthinta), ukukhululeka kwamazinyo kanye nokuqala ukusebenzisana nesoBheka izinto ezingasindi, ukwakheka okuhlukahlukene, nemisindo ethambile; gwema ukukhanya okukhanyayo nomsindo omkhulu. Isikhathi esijwayelekile esigadiwe Ukusebenzisa izinto ezikhanyayo phambi kwakho kuqinisa imisipha yakho.
Izingane ezisukela ezinyangeni ezi-7 kuye kweziyisithupha
Izingane ziqala ukujabulela ukujikijela izinto (umsebenzi othatha isikhathi eside), futhi zibonise isithakazelo emazwini ahlukene nemisindo, kanye nemibala nemibala. Ukukhasa kanye nezinyathelo zokuqala eziya ekunyakazeni nakho kuyafika.
Kungakho ungakhipha umsindo, amathoyizi aqoqekayo (azoba nengqondo kusuka onyakeni kuqhubeke), izincwadi ezithambile ezinemifanekiso emikhulu, amabhokisi anezimbobo ngezimo ezahlukahlukene, onodoli bokuqala be-rag, nezinto ezingaginqika. Amabhola athambile, amahhashi anyakazayo, namathoyizi akhuthaza ukunyakaza Zinhle kakhulu ngoba zihambisana nokuhlola nokukhasa.
Kuhlanganisa izixazululo zasendlini yokugezela (izinkomishi zokudlulisa, amathoyizi antantayonamasekhethi alula okuphusha. Lesi yisikhathi sokuba umdlalo wokuhlolaBakhohlisa, bashaye, banyakaze, futhi bathole imbangela nomphumela (cindezela, vula, vula-vala). Khetha izingcezu ezinkulu, eziqinile ezingeke zihlukane.
Izingane ezisukela ezinyangeni ezi-13 kuye kweziyisithupha
Izingane eziningi ziqala ukuhamba ngaphambi kwezinyanga eziyi-16, zikhuthele kakhulu futhi zinamandla amaningi; abaningi bamukela ukuhlola njengendlela yokuphila. Badinga ukunyakaza nezinselele ezilula.
Donsa amathoyizi, amabhola, ukwakheka okuncane (uma unensimu) njengamaslayidiImidlalo yokuhlela yokwakheka nombala, amakhrayoni aqinile (aminyene ukuze abambe kalula), onodoli abakhulu… baphakathi kwezintandokazi. Engeza amabhlogo amakhulu ukwakha, ukufaka nokuwisa, amabhentshi athambile e-mallet ashaya nezinqola zokuthutha izinto.
Lesi sikhathi sivula i- umdlalo owakhayoBaqonda izici eziyisisekelo zezinto (usayizi, isisindo, ukulingana). Amathoyizi aqinisa i-gross motor amakhono (ukusunduza, ukudonsa) kanye namakhono amahle emoto (ukufaka, ukufaka) afanelekile. Sebenzisa izincwadi eziqinile ngama-flap amakhulu nezigcawu zokuphila kwansuku zonke.
Izingane ezisukela ezinyangeni ezi-19 kuye kweziyisithupha
Njengoba ilukuluku labo libaholela ekufuneni ukwazi amagama nemininingwane ngabantu abangaphandle komndeni, kunjalo izindaba eziwusizo eziphinda zenze izindaba zansuku zonke, kepha nginezithombe eziningi ezinkulu nombhalo omncane. Ungazama futhi ama-tricycle, amapuzzle, onodoli, amathoyizi womsindo ayinkimbinkimbi (njengezingcingo) namathoyizi e-sandbox epaki. 8-10 izingcezu lace amasethi Baqala ukwenza umqondo futhi baqinise ukunaka kanye namakhono okuxazulula izinkinga.
Ithanda izinto ezivumelayo hlukanisa ngombala nangesimoUkupakisha nokuqhathanisa kuyimisebenzi emihle. Imibhoshongo yamahophu, amabhokisi anamangidi amakhulu, namathrekhi ebhola anamarempu kuyawahlaba umxhwele. Yisho abakwenzayo nabakubonayo kuthuthukisa ulimi.
Izingane ezisukela eminyakeni emi-2 kuya kwengu-3
Isithakazelo sabo ekushukumeni nasekulingiseni siyakhula, futhi ukuphrinta kwezincwadi kuqala ukubamba ukunaka kwabo. Yingakho bejabulela amabhodi anezinhlangothi ezimbili (noshoki nezinhlamvu kazibuthe, ongawalondolozela uma esekhulile). Baphinde bathuthukise amakhono abo emoto futhi babe nekhono lokugibela amabhayisikili amancane noma amanye amathoyizi anamasondo. amathoyizi okulingisa (odokotela, abapheki) Ziyinketho enhle futhi, inqobo nje uma zihambisana neminyaka. Umdlalo ongokomfanekiso Iveza indlela abaqonda ngayo umhlaba futhi ithuthukisa amakhono omphakathi.
Dlala amakhishi anezitsha eziphephile, onodoli bezingane abanezinsiza ezinkulu, amasethi amathuluzi epulasitiki, nezingcingo namarejista emali angenazo izingxenye ezincane kuhle kakhulu. Ngenisa izakhiwo zokhuni Izinhlobonhlobo eziningi, izingcezu eziyi-2-12, izinsimbi zomculo ezilula, nezindaba ezinemisho emifushane. Gwema inkolelo-mbono yobulili: Zonke iziphakamiso zivumeleke wonke umuntu.
Amathiphu amaningi wokukhetha amathoyizi
- Cabanga ngezintshisekelo zengane yakho, ukuthi yize isencane kakhulu, ngokuqinisekile izoyikhombisa. Ukubuka umdlalo wabo kuyisiqondiso esingcono kakhulu.
- Cabanga ngamathoyizi amnandi futhi ayajabulisa, hhayi nje ngezinjongo zokufundisa. Ukugqugquzela kuyisihluthulelo sokufunda.
- Ingane kufanele ibe yi-protagonist yomdlalo. Vimbela ithoyizi ekwenzeni yonke into "ngokwayo".
- Yenza izivumelwano nomndeni ukuze inani lezipho lingabi ngokweqile. Okuncane kungaphezulu kokugxilisa ingqondo.
Ezinye izici okufanele uzikhumbule: Unganyakaziswa yintengo. (ukubiza kakhulu akusho okungcono), zungezisa amathoyizi ngezikhathi ezithile ngokubeka amanye bese uwakhipha kamuva ukuze uvuselele inzalo, futhi unikele izinto ezivulekile okuvumela ukusetshenziswa okuningi (amabhlogo, izindwangu, izibalo). Gwema ukugcwala izisusa; ukukhetha okuncane nokuhlukahlukene kukhuthaza umcabango.
Kuze kube manje, izeluleko zokuthenga amathoyizi ezingane ezisukela eminyakeni engu-0 kuye kwengu-3, Ngiyethemba zisizile kuwe, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezilandelayo sizoqhubeka nokukuncoma izinhlobo zamathoyizi ezingane ezindala. Khumbula ukuthi isipho esihle kakhulu ukuthi udlala nomncane wakho nokuthi ikhwalithi yeshare yesikhathi iphindaphinda inani lanoma iyiphi into.
Ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe nezici zekhwalithi ezenza wonke umehluko
Ngaphambi kokunikeza isipho, bheka uhlu lokuhlola olufushane: Iminyaka enconyiwe iyabonakalaIzinto zokwakha eziqinisekisiwe, imiyalelo ngolimi lwakho, nolwazi lomkhiqizi. Yize ukumakwa kwe-CE sekuvele kusho ukuhambisana, bheka futhi izinkomba kumazinga we-EN 71 emaphaketheni (mechanical/physical, flammable and substances). Njalo gcina ukugada ngemikhiqizo emisha.
Ukulungiswa Okuvimbelayo: uwasha amathoyizi kanokusho nezindwangu Ngokulandela imiyalelo, hlola ukuthi awekho amehlo noma izinkinobho ezixegayo, qinisa izikulufu kumabhayisikili anamasondo amathathu namathoyizi anamasondo, futhi ulahle noma yiziphi izingxenye ezikhubazekile. Londoloza ngamasethi (amabhokisi anezicucu eziphelele) agwema ukulahlekelwa nokukhungatheka.
Ukufinyeleleka nokuhleleka: dala indawo yokudlala enamashalofu aphansi namabhasikidi avulekile, lapho ingane angakhetha futhi akhetheUkuzungezisa amathoyizi njalo emavikini ambalwa kunciphisa imfuhlumfuhlu futhi kuvuselela inzalo ngaphandle kokuthenga okwengeziwe. Ukunqwabelana okuncane kulingana nokudlala okujule kakhulu.
Amathoyizi avulekile akhula nengane yakho
Amathoyizi avuliwe avumela ukusetshenziswa okuningi kuye ngesiteji: amabhlogo enziwe ngokhuni, izindwangu, izingcezu ezinkulu ezihlangene, izibalo ezilulaEzinyangeni eziyi-10 zisetshenziselwa ukushaya noma ukuthwala izinto; eminyakeni emi-2 baba yizindlu, izimoto noma ukudla okucatshangwayo. Utshala kanye futhi kuhambisana neminyaka yokudlala.
Izinto ezisimeme: ukhuni oluqinisekisiwe, i-silicone yebanga lokudla, nezindwangu zikakotini zemvelo ziyanikela ukuqina nomuzwa omnandiKhetha okuqediwe ngopende osuselwe emanzini futhi ugweme amakha angeziwe. Ipulasitiki encane enomsindo kanye nokuthungwa kwangempela okwengeziwe Ikhuthaza ukuhlola kwezinzwa ezolile.
Lilungiswa kanjani inani nokujikeleza kwamathoyizi
"Okuningi kungcono" akusebenzi ebuntwaneni. Amathoyizi amaningi kakhulu angaba yingozi. ukulayisha ngokweqile nokusakaza ukunakaGcina okunye okubonakalayo kungabonakali futhi wenze ukuzungeza kabili ngevikiUzobona ukuthi "baphinde bazithole" kanjani ababekugcinile. Izinhlobonhlobo zitholakala ngokuzungezisa, hhayi ukunqwabelana..
Izivumelwano zomndeni: uma uzothola izipho kubantu abambalwa, yabelana ngesisodwa uhlu olukhombisayo ngezigaba (imibono emi-2 noma emi-3 ngomndeni ngamunye) ukuze ugweme ukuphindaphinda nokweqisa. Yethula okuhlangenwe nakho okungezona izinto ezibonakalayo (uhambo lokuya epaki, iseshini yesikhathi sendaba) njengezinye izindlela. Imidlalo nayo iyisipiliyoni.
Ubuntu nokuthandwayo: vumelanisa ithoyizi nengane
Qaphela isimo sengqondo nezithakazelo: okuncane umhloli futhi esebenzayo uzojabulela izifunda zokunyakaza, amabhola kanye nokuhudula; iphrofayili ethuthuke kakhulu ubuciko nokuzwela Uzocwiliswa ngenhlama yokudlala ethambile, opende beminwe, nomculo; ingane encane nobudlelwano Bangase bathande onodoli, amakhishi amathoyizi, nemidlalo yokunakekela izingane; futhi lowo omkhulu ukuthula Mhlawumbe ngiyakuthanda ukubuka izincwadi noma ngizipakishe buthule. Ayikho indlela eyodwa efanele yokudlala.
Hlonipha ukukhetha kwabo: ukunikeza izinketho ngaphandle kokuzifaka ilebula (“lokhu okwabafana/amantombazane”) kubavumela ukuthi bahlole izindawo ezintsha. Ithoyizi alichazi ukuthi ungubaniIvula amathuba. Uma ithoyizi liphuka kalula, akusho ukuthi ingane "ayikwazi ukudlala": kule minyaka, ukuhlola kunamandla; khetha. izinto eziqinile nezilula.
Imibuzo esheshayo ukuze ihlale ilungile
Kufanele ngiwashintshe kangaki amathoyizi? Awudingi izibuyekezo eziqhubekayo. Shintsha lokho osuvele unakho (gcina/kukhiphe) njalo emavikini ambalwa. Ukuzungezisa kuvuselela intshisekelo ngaphandle kokuchitha okuningi.
Ingabe inani lamathoyizi linendaba? Yebo. Okuningi kungaba kubi. qeda futhi uphazamiseIsethi encane, ekhethwe kahle ithuthukisa umcabango kanye nokudlala okujulile.
Imaphi amathoyizi akhuthaza kangcono intuthuko? Labo umsebenzi ovulekile: amabhlogo, izindwangu, izibalo, izinto zobuciko, izinsimbi ezilula. Basiphoqa ukuthi siqambe, sitolike futhi sakhe.
Ingabe kufanele ngigweme amathoyizi “ahlakaniphile”? Zisebenzise ngokulinganisela. Ukuze ifunde, ingane idinga ngenelela ngenkuthalo, engabheki into eyenza yonke into. Inkinobho encane nesenzo esiningi.
Izithombe - (Okwesithathu) dannyelbrazi, (Okokugcina) ULars Plougmann.