Nakuba singenakukwazi ukunikeza izibalo ezithile, ngoba kunezici eziningana okufanele zicatshangelwe, kuyiqiniso ukuthi lapho sizalwa sinesilinganiso sokujikeleza kwekhanda. Lokhu kuzoba cishe amasentimitha angu-34. Njengokuphakama noma isisindo sosana olusanda kuzalwa, lesi silinganiso sihlala sicatshangelwa ngenxa yokubaluleka kwaso. Ujwayelene nokujikeleza kwekhanda?
Ukuba nalo lonke lolu lwazi ngosuku lokuzalwa kulungele odokotela ukuqapha inqubekela phambili yokukhula, beqhathanisa amanani kanye nezigaba zobudala ngabunye . Okungcono kakhulu, ukukhula kufanele kulandelwe, kodwa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka noma ukusheshisa okungazelelwe. Uma ungathanda ukwazi okwengeziwe, sizokutshela.
Kuyini ukuzungeza kwekhanda?
Ukujikeleza kwekhanda yisilinganiso esithathwa sizungeze ikhanda lomntwana endaweni yalo ebanzi kakhulu, ngaphezu nje kwezindlebe namashiya. Lokhu kulinganisa kuyingxenye yokuhlolwa okuvamile kukadokotela wezingane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umntwana ukhula ngesivinini esifanele ngokweminyaka yakhe. Kuthathwa ekuzalweni bese kuba njalo ngenyanga kuze kube neminyaka emithathu. Ukulinganisa kudwetshwe eshadini, okudala umugqa wokukhula okhombisa ububanzi obujwayelekile bobulili nobudala bomntwana. Uma umugqa wokukhula womjikelezo wekhanda uphambuka ebangeni elijwayelekile, kungaba uphawu lwenkinga eyisisekelo.
Kufanele ikhule kangakanani isiyingi sekhanda ngenyanga?
Izinyanga zokuqala zokuphila, kuze kube yiminyaka eyisithupha, zibalulekile ekujikelezeni kwekhanda. Ngakho-ke, ekuvakasheni ngakunye kwezingane, udokotela uzothatha izilinganiso ezifanele. Lo mjikelezo ungakhula ufike kumasentimitha angu-0,5 ngesonto kuze kube yilapho umntwana efika ezinyangeni ezintathu . Kusukela ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha, ukukhula kuzoba yi-1 cm ngenyanga. Kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuze kube cishe eminyakeni emibili ubudala, ukukhula kuzoba yi-0,5 cm ngenyanga. Lapho eneminyaka emibili, ukukhula okuphezulu nokukhula kubhekwa njengokuphelele.
Kuthiwani uma ingane inekhanda elikhulu?
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi uma ulinganisa ukujikeleza kwekhanda, akukho silinganiso esisodwa sokunquma ukuthi kujwayelekile noma cha. Lokhu kuncike ezintweni eziningana, kusukela eminyakeni yobudala nobulili kuya emlandweni wezokwelapha. Kuyinhlanganisela yezinto udokotela wakho azoxoxa nawe ngazo. Esikushoyo ukuthi akukho inani elithile elibonisa inkinga ngokuqinisekile . Kodwa-ke, uma siqaphela ukuthi ikhanda likhulu kunejwayelekile, silibiza ngokuthi i-macrocephaly. Ukuhlolwa nokuhlaziywa kokuxilonga kuzonquma ukuthi lesi simo sikhona noma cha.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ikhanda elikhulu kancane lingabangelwa umzimba okhule kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, ngokuvamile, izingane ezinalesi simo ziphilile ngokuphelele . Kodwa-ke, uma sikhuluma ngokukhuliswa kobuchopho, kungaba ngenxa yokugcina uketshezi noma ezinye izimo eziyisisekelo ezidinga uphenyo olwengeziwe.
Iyiphi i-percentile ethathwa njenge-microcephaly?
Kakade ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa singakwazi ukwazi ukuthi ingane ine-microcephaly, ngenxa ye-ultrasound elula. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yokuthi ubuchopho abuzange bukhule ngendlela obufanele bukhule ngayo noma ngenxa yokuthi buyeke ukukhula kusana olusanda kuzalwa, siyabona ukuthi ikhanda lalo lincane kangakanani. Uma isilinganiso sephesenti singaphansi kuka-3%, khona-ke yebo, singakhuluma ngenkinga. Kumelwe futhi kushiwo ukuthi kungase kuhlale kunephutha lokulinganisa lapho sisebenzelana nosana olusanda kuzalwa kunasezinganeni ezindadlana kancane. Leli iqiniso elihle okufanele ulikhumbule ukugwema ukunikeza ukuxilongwa ekuqaleni.
Kungani kwenzeka i-microcephaly? Kunezimbangela eziningana, okuhlanganisa ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo, izifo , nokuningi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-microcephaly ayivamile. Uma isimo sibi kakhulu, kulapho ingane ingase ibhekane nezinkinga eziningi. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ubunzima bokukhuluma nokuhamba, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, phakathi kwezinye. Njengoba kushiwo, akuyona into evamile, kodwa kuseyinto okufanele siyiqaphele.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-microcephaly ne-macrocephaly
Sesikushilo kakade, kodwa besifuna ukugcizelela ukuthi ukuxilongwa kungenzeka nge-ultrasound ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe. Nge-microcephaly, ngemva kokuzalwa, ukuqapha kuyadingeka ukuze kubonwe ukuthi umjikelezo wekhanda uyakhula yini. Uma kungenjalo, i-MRI ingenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka. Ngokuphathelene ne-macrocephaly, ngemva kokuzalwa, i-MRI nayo izoba ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko, ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwegazi . Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni, ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu kuzonqunywa esimweni ngasinye.