La Amamaski obuso aphinde athathe indawo enkulu engxoxweni yezempilo ESpain, uMnyango Wezempilo kanye nemiphakathi ezimele baye bavumelana ngecebo elivamile lokulwa nomkhuhlane namanye amagciwane okuphefumula ashintsha kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sici sokuzivikela ezibhedlela, ezikhungweni zezempilo nasezindlini zabahlengikazi.
Kude nemiyalo eqinile yobhubhane, indlela entsha ikhetha a isidingo esiyisibopho esixhumene nezinga lobungoziNgamanye amazwi, imaski izotuswa noma idingeke kuye ngokuthi ukusabalala kwamagciwane anjengomkhuhlane, i-COVID-19, noma igciwane le-syncytial lokuphefumula livela kanjani, kanye nomthelela wangempela emthwalweni wokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwezwe lonke elinemaski endaweni esobala
UMnyango Wezempilo ukwazile ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni nemiphakathi ezimele. Iphrothokholi yombuso yesenzo sokulwa namagciwane okuphefumula ezosetshenziswa kuyo yonke indawo. Umqondo uwukuba nomgwaqo owodwa okhombisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemaski kunconywa nini nalapho kuyimpoqo ezibhedlela nakwezinye izindawo zokunakekelwa kwempilo, ukugwema izimpendulo ezingazodwa noma eziphikisanayo phakathi kwezifunda.
Lo mbhalo, ofana ncamashí nalowo osekuvele wazama ukukhishwa ngesizini edlule, uhlanganisa a ukuqiniswa okuqhubekayo kokusetshenziswa kwemaski ekunakekelweni kwezempilo nasezilungiselelweni zokunakekelwa komphakathiEmazingeni aphansi okujikeleza kwegciwane, kunqunyelwe esincomweni; ezimeni zokutheleleka okuphezulu kanye nengcindezi yokunakekelwa kwezempilo, kuba yimpoqo, ikakhulukazi ezikhungweni zezempilo, ezibhedlela nasemakhaya asebekhulile.
UNgqongqoshe Wezempilo, uMónica García, uyivikele esidlangalaleni le ndlela ngomlayezo olula: Noma ubani onezimpawu zokuphefumula kufanele agqoke imaski ngendlela efanele.Futhi ezikhungweni zezempilo umthetho uzocaca ngezikhathi zobungozi obukhulu: lapho ungena, gqoka imaskhi; lapho uhamba, ungayisusa.
Iphrothokholi iphinde igcizelele ukuthi imiphakathi igcina indawo yokwenza izinto: izokwazi engeza izinyathelo ezihambisanayo uma bekubona kudingekile, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphakathi kwalolu hlaka oluvamile, oluklanyelwe ukwenza kube lula ukusebenzisana nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imibandela ephathelene namamaski ezibhedlela ayiguquki kakhulu isuka kwesinye isifunda iye kwesinye.
Imibandela yokusebenzisa imaski ezibhedlela: ukuthi ingozi ilinganiswa kanjani
Ukwenziwa kusebenze kwezinyathelo ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa okuyimpoqo kwamamaski obuso ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempiloNgeke kube ngokuzenzela. Iphrothokholi incike ezinhlelweni ezimbalwa zokugada ukuze kuhlolwe izinga lengozi, okuhlanganisa i-SiVIRA, eqapha izehlakalo zezifo ezithinta ukuphefumula okunzima ekunakekelweni okuyisisekelo nasezibhedlela.
Phakathi kwezinkomba ezibuyekeziwe, okulandelayo kuyagqama: izinga lokutheleleka ngezakhamuzi eziyi-100.000Inani lokulaliswa esibhedlela ngenxa yomkhuhlane noma ezinye izifo zokuphefumula, ukuhlala kwemibhede evamile kanye ne-ICU, kanye nokungeniswa ezinsizeni eziphuthumayo nakho kufakiwe. Le datha yengezwe ngolwazi lokukhubazeka kwesikhashana kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe indle amanzi, ukuqapha kokushona kwansuku zonke (isistimu ye-MoMo) namarekhodi okugoma (SIVAMIN).
Lonke lolu lwazi lusivumela ukuthi singalinganiseli nje kuphela ukuthi bangaki abantu abangenwa yilesi sifo, kodwa futhi lungakanani uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo olucindezelwayoUkuminyana kwegumbi lezimo eziphuthumayo, ukuhlala kombhede wabagula kakhulu, noma ubunzima ekugcineni umsebenzi ojwayelekile wokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Kusekelwe kulo mthelela ukuthi ukusuka esincomweni kuye esidingweni sokugqoka imaski ezibhedlela kuyafaneleka.
Ngaphezu kwengqikithi kazwelonke, okulandelayo kuyahlonishwa futhi: isimo esithile somphakathi ngamunye ozimeleAmandla abo okunakekelwa kwezempilo, iphrofayili yabantu abasengozini, kanye nokwenzeka kokuqinisa izinsiza yizo zonke izici ezinquma isimo. Ngakho-ke, izindawo ezimbili zingase zibe sezigabeni ezihlukene, okuchaza ukuthi kungani imaski iyimpoqo ezibhedlela ezithile esifundeni esisodwa, kanti kwesinye inconywa kuphela.
Isimo esiyisisekelo: imaskhi enezimpawu, nasesibhedlela
Ngesikhathi somsebenzi wobhubhane oluphansi kakhulu, uhlelo lusekelwe esakhiweni esicacile: noma ubani onezimpawu zokuphefumula (isibonelo, Uma ingane yami inezimpawu ze-COVID) kufanele agqoke imaski Kusukela eminyakeni eyisithupha, imaski iyanconywa kokubili ezindaweni zomphakathi nalapho uvakashela izikhungo zezempilo. Lesi sincomo sidlulela ekubonisaneni, amagumbi ezimo eziphuthumayo, kanye nokulaliswa esibhedlela, nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwemaski okuyisibopho okujwayelekile kungakasebenzi.
Okuhlukile kucatshangelwa kuphela labo abethulayo ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula, ukukhubazeka okuthile, noma ukuntuleka kokuzimela ezivimbela ukugqoka noma ukususa imaski ngokuphepha. Kuphinde kwamukelwe ukuthi kweminye imisebenzi ethile, ukusebenzisa imaski kungase kungahambisani ngezizathu eziqinile zobuchwepheshe noma zokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Kulesi simo esiyisisekelo, ngale kwe-mask, kugcizelelwa ekuqiniseni izinyathelo esezizwakala zijwayelekile: ukugoma umkhuhlane kanye ukuvimbela inyumoniya Emaqenjini anconyiwe, ukuhlanzeka kwezandla njalo, ukungena komoya kwezikhala ezivalekile, ukugwema izixuku ezingadingekile kanye nokubeka phambili izindawo zangaphandle noma nini lapho kungenzeka.
Yize kuyizinga eliphansi kakhulu, umyalezo oyisisekelo wukuthi umkhuba wokuvala umlomo nekhala uma unezimpawu, ikakhulukazi lapho engena esibhedlela noma esikhungweni sezempiloKufanele igcinwe njengengxenye yesiko eliyisisekelo lokuvimbela, ngaphandle kwesidingo somthetho oyisibopho.
Amamaski anconyiwe ezindaweni ezisengozini: isinyathelo sokuqala
Uma ukudluliswa kwegciwane kufinyelela ezingeni eliphansi noma elimaphakathi, izinga lokuqala lengozi liyafinyelelwa. Lapha, imaski ezibhedlela ayikakaphoqeleki, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwayo ... Ukusetshenziswa okunconyiwe kuyaqiniswa ezindaweni ezibhekwa njengezibucayi kakhulu, njengamayunithi okwelapha isiguli somdlavuza noma izindawo zokufakelwa.
Abantu abanezimpawu zokuphefumula bahlala begxile kakhulu: Bacelwa ukuthi banciphise ukuxhumana nabantu besithathu ngangokunokwenzeka.ikakhulukazi namaqembu asengozini, nokuthi agcina imikhuba yokuphefumula kanye nezinyathelo zokugeza izandla okungenani izinsuku ezinhlanu ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu.
Emsebenzini, lapho isikhundla sikuvumela, kuhle ukuba ngocingo kulabo abanezimpawuInhloso ukunciphisa iketango lokutheleleka emahhovisi nakwezinye izindawo ezivalekile. Lesi sincomo sisebenza ikakhulukazi ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo nasemakhaya asebekhulile, lapho abasebenzi abagulayo bengaba umthombo obalulekile wokudlulisela.
Emakhaya asebekhulile nakwezinye izikhungo zezenhlalakahle nezempilo, kutholakala ukuthi abasebenzi abanezimpawu kufanele ukuthuthela ezindaweni ngaphandle kokuxhumana ngqo nabahlali abasengozini Noma, uma lokho kungenzeki, thatha ilivu yokugula okungenani izinsuku ezinhlanu. Lapho bebuya, bayacelwa ukuthi baqhubeke nokugqoka imaskhi kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zabo sezinyamalele ngokuphelele.
Ezibhedlela, ezikhungweni zezempilo nasezinkonzweni ezifanayo, imaskhi injalo ngokucacile uncoma ochwepheshe, iziguli kanye nabangane ezindaweni ezisengozini. Akukabi yisidingo esijwayelekile kuwo wonke amaphasishi namagumbi okulinda, kodwa kuyisinyathelo esimaphakathi lapho ukuvikela sekuqala ukuba yinto evamile ezindaweni ezithile.
Ukudluliselwa okuphezulu: imaski yobuso iyanconywa emakamelweni okulinda nasemagunjini aphuthumayo
Lapho izinkomba zigxumela ezingeni eliphezulu lokudluliswa kwegciwane, umthetho olandelwayo uphawula ushintsho olusobala kakhulu ohlelweni lwezikhungo zezempilo: i Amamaski manje ayadingeka ezindaweni ezivamile njengamakamelo okulindela ezikhungweni zezempilo, abezimo eziphuthumayo ezibhedlela, nezinye izindawo lapho kubuthana khona iziguli ezinezimpawu zokuphefumula.
Kuleli qophelo, zonke izinyathelo ezivela ezingeni langaphambilini ziyaqiniswa: labo abanezimpawu kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe, futhi okulandelayo kuyanconywa: umoya onamandla kakhulu, ukuhlanza kanye nezinyathelo zokubulala amagciwaneIzifihla-buso nazo ziyanconywa kubasebenzi umsebenzi wabo obandakanya ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo nomphakathi noma abantu abangase bagule.
Ezindlini zokunakekela nakwezinye izikhungo zenhlalo nezempilo, umthetho olandelwayo uthatha elinye ithuba: ukusetshenziswa kwemaski kunjalo uyincoma ngokuqinile kubantu abasengozini enkulu yezinkinga, njengabahlali asebekhulile noma labo abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona, futhi ngokuvamile kutuswa kuzo zonke izisebenzi ezinakekela lamaqembu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi simo sicabangela ukuthi kungenzeka yini khawula lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “inhlonipho” ukuvakashanjalo kucatshangelwa ithonya elingokomzwelo lokhu okungase kube nalo kubahlali. Uma isisebenzi esinezimpawu singakwazi ukudluliselwa kwenye indawo futhi sihlale sixhumene nabantu abasengozini, sizofakwa ilivu isikhathi esibekiwe sokuhlukaniswa.
Ezibhedlela nasezikhungweni zezempilo, imaski manje isithathwa njengesilinganiso esicishe silingane ochwepheshe, iziguli kanye nozakwabo emakamelweni okulinda kanye namagumbi ezimo eziphuthumayoNakuba umbhalo uthi kuleli zinga “ukhonjisiwe”, uwuvula ngokusobala umnyango wokuba ube yimpoqo, kuye ngesimo sesikhungo noma indawo, ngesinqumo somphakathi ozibusayo noma abaphathi besibhedlela uqobo.
Ingozi enkulu: imaski yobuso eyisibopho ezibhedlela kanye nezinyathelo ezihlukile
Isinyathelo sokugcina kuphrothokholi sibekelwe isimo se ukutheleleka okuphezulu kakhulu noma ingozi yobhubhaneLesi yisimo lapho ingcindezi ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ishube kakhulu futhi ukusabalala kwegciwane kusongela ukweqa izinsiza ezikhona.
Kulo mongo, ukusetshenziswa kwemaski ezibhedlela nasezikhungweni zezempilo kusuka ekubeni isincomo esiqinisiwe kuye esidingweni. isibopho esicacileUkusetshenziswa kwemaski yobuso kudlulela kubo bobabili ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye neziguli kanye nabahamba nabo cishe kuzo zonke izindawo ezingaphakathi zalesi sikhungo, kusukela emagumbini okubonisana kuya kumagumbi ezimo eziphuthumayo kanye namawodi asesibhedlela.
Inhloso ukuthi isenzo "sokufika esikhungweni sezempilo, ufake imaskhi bese uyikhumula lapho usuhamba" kuzoyeka ukuba izincomo nje bese kuba isincomo. indinganiso eyisibopho kuyo yonke indawo noma, okungenani, kuleyo miphakathi ekulesi sigaba sesexwayiso esiphezulu se-epidemiological.
Ngokuhambisanayo, umhlangano ongajwayelekile woMkhandlu Wezempilo Wamazwe Ngaphakathi kuhlelelwe Ukuqinisa ukusebenzisana phakathi koNgqongqoshe kanye nemiphakathi ezimeleUkusuka lapho, kungathathwa izinyathelo ezengeziwe: imikhawulo eqinile yokuvakashela ezindlini ezinakekela izingane, ukuhlelwa kabusha okujulile kwezinsiza zasesibhedlela, ukwanda kwemibhede ye-ICU, noma eminye imikhawulo ehlukile efakwe emithethweni yamanje.
Kuleli zinga, isibopho semaski sithathwa njenge enye ingxenye yephakeji elikhudlwana lokuqukathaefuna ukunqanda ukusabalala kwaleli gciwane, kuncishiswe ukulaliswa kwabantu futhi kuvimbele amagumbi ezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nezibhedlela ukuthi zingakhungatheki ngokuphelele, njengoba sekwenzekile kobunye ubusika.
Kungani ukusetshenziswa kwemaski kuqinisa ezibhedlela manje?
Ukuqaliswa kwalolu hlelo oluhlanganyelwe kuza ngesikhathi lapho idatha ikhomba ku-a inkathi yomkhuhlane wokuqala kanye nokuqinaAmarekhodi kazwelonke asevele abeka izehlakalo zesifo esifana nomkhuhlane ngaphezu komkhawulo wobhubhane futhi aqinisekisa ukuthi ijika elithelelanayo linezinyathelo ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwalokho obekulindelekile.
Kweminye imiphakathi, izigameko zomkhuhlane kanye nezinye izifo ezithinta ukuphefumula zikhuphuke kakhulu, kanti izibhedlela eziningi seziqalile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwanda okukhulu kweziguli ezinezimo zokuphefumula egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo nasemawodini. Lokhu kuhlasela, okuhambisana nokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo eziningi zaleli gciwane, kuphakamisa ukwesaba kokwanda kwabantu ezibhedlela emasontweni ezayo.
Ongoti baveza ukuthi, naphezu kwentuthuko elandela ubhubhane, Izinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo azilungiswanga ngokugcwele ukumunca ubhubhane olunamandla ngaphandle kokucindezeleka uma kungekho sinyathelo esithathwa kusengaphambili. Ngakho-ke ukuphikelela koMnyango Wezempilo ekwenzeni le nqubo yomthetho isebenze ngaphambi kokuba isimo singalawuleki.
Inhloso eshiwo ilula: ukunciphisa inani lokwamukelwa kanye nokugcwala kwezinsizakalo Ngezinyathelo ezingahlaseli, phakathi kwazo izifihla-buso ezibhedlela zidlala indima ebalulekile, futhi lapho kuhlanganiswa nokugoma nezinye izindlela zokuvimbela, kuthenjwa ukuthi umthelela wonke uzolawuleka kakhudlwana.
Uhlaka olusha lubeka i- Amamaski ezikhungweni zezempilo njengethuluzi elibalulekile Amamaski ayadingeka kumkhuhlane kanye namanye amagciwane okuphefumula, kodwa lokhu kwenziwa kancane kancane futhi ngokuhambisana nesimo se-epidemiological nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Umphakathi uzodinga ukujwayela iqiniso lokuthi, kuye ngokuthi ukujikeleza kwalawa magciwane kuyenyuka noma kuyehla, izinga lesidingo sokugqoka imaskhi lapho ungena esibhedlela noma esikhungweni sezempilo nalo lizoshintsha.
