I-doula iyisibalo esikhulayo emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, akukhulunywa ngomsebenzi omusha noma imfashini. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ulwazi ngezici ezahlukahlukene zobufazi lwadluliselwa lusuka komama laya emadodakazini noma phakathi kwabesifazane bomndeni noma besizwe esifanayo. Amantombazane akhule ebuka abanye besifazane bebeletha, bencelisa futhi bekhulisa izingane zabo. Ngenkathi bengomama, abesifazane babehambisana nabanye besifazane abavela endaweni yabo, ababebanikeza ukwesekwa ngokuhlanganisa izidingo zabo zomzimba nezingokomzwelo.
Futhi i-doula ayilutho olunye, futhi akukho okungaphansi, kunalokho. Owesifazane onokuqeqeshwa nesipiliyoni ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zomama, ohamba nabanye besifazane, uhlinzeka ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo kuzo zonke izigaba zokuba ngumama. I-doula ayenzi noma imiphi imisebenzi yokwelashwa kepha inikeza ukwesekwa okungokomzwelo okuqhubekayo nolwazi kwabesifazane nemindeni yabo, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, sokubeletha nangemva kokubeletha. Ziphinde zihambisane nezinye izinqubo ezinjengokubona kusengaphambili noma ukulahleka kokukhulelwa.
I-doula inaluphi uqeqesho?
Kunokuqeqeshwa okuningi, okuthatha cishe unyaka owodwa, kufundiswa ochwepheshe abavela emikhakheni ehlukene ehlobene nokuba ngumama. Kepha ayikho kulezi zakhiwo elawulwa ngokusemthethweni. Kukhona izinhlangano ezifana Inhlangano yaseSpain Doulas, eziphethwe yizimiso zokuziphatha eziqinile nekomidi lemikhuba emihle, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhle kwamalungu alo.
Kuningi lokwakheka, i-doula ithola ulwazi oludingekayo mayelana nezici ezahlukahlukene zomzimba nezingokomzwelo, ezihlobene nezigaba ezahlukahlukene zokuba ngumama. Kepha akumelwe sikhohlwe lokho, njengoba uMichel Odent esho, "Inani le-doula lilele kulokho ayikho, kunokuba kulokho akwaziyo noma akwenzayo". Futhi ukuthi ukuphelezela owesifazane ezigabeni ezibucayi nezibucayi, njengokukhulelwa, ukubeletha noma ukulahleka kokukhulelwa, i-doula kufanele ibe nochungechunge lwezimfanelo njengokulalela okusebenzayo, uzwela nenhlonipho, ngaphezu kokwenza umsebenzi wangaphakathi ukunqoba ukwesaba nobuthakathaka babo ukuze bungaveli ngesikhathi sokuhambisana. UDoula naye uyazi, khomba izidingo zowesifazane ngamunye futhi uzivumelanise nokuba ngumama okuhambisana nesikhathi ngasinye.
Ama-doulas amaningi nawo anokunye ukuqeqeshwa noma izinsiza ezingazisebenzisa emsebenzini wazo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu besifazane baziswe ukuthi lokhu kuqeqeshwa okungeziwe akuyona ingxenye yomsebenzi wabo njenge-doula ukuze kungabikho ukudideka mayelana namakhono obuchwepheshe. Umsebenzi we-doula ukuhambisana nokuxhasa umama ngokumhlonipha ezinqumweni zakhe. I-doula inganikela ngemininingwane kumama, kepha ayilandeli uhlobo oluthile lokuba ngumama, kunalokho ngowesifazane onqumayo futhi i-doula ihambisana naye ngozwela nenhlonipho.
I-doula ingakusiza kanjani?
I-doula ikunikeza ukuhambisana nokusekelwa okungokomzwelo okuqhubekayo kunoma yisiphi isigaba somama osicelile. I-doula ayisiye umsebenzi wezempilo, inhloso yakhe ukunikeza umama isikhala esingenazo izahlulelo, imibono noma okulindelwe ukuze akwazi ukuphila njengomama wakhe ngendlela akhetha ngayo. I-doula iseduze nowesifazane, ihlonipha izifiso nezinqumo zayo.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Ungaxoxa ngokukhathazeka kwakho noma okulindele mayelana nokuba ngumama nge-doula yakho. I-doula ingakunikeza imininingwane edingekayo mayelana nokukhulelwa noma izinketho ezahlukene zokulethwa, ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha izinqumo ezinolwazi. Ngokubambisana ningalungiselela uhlelo lokuzalwa lokubonisana nombelethisi wakho noma udokotela wezifo zabesifazane.
Ngesikhathi sokulethwa
Uhamba nawe ngokuqonda nangokunikela ngenhlonipho ukusekelwa nokuxhaswa ngokomzwelo. Qiniseka ukuthi izifiso zakho ziyahlonishwa noma nini lapho kungenzeka khona futhi usize ekwakheleni indawo efanelekayo wena nengane yakho.
Ngemuva kokuzalwa
Kwesinye isikhathi ukubuyela ekhaya nokuba wedwa nengane kungaba nzima. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nezinkinga zokuncelisa ibele noma uvele uzizwe usindwa yisimo. IDoula ikunikeza ukusekelwa okungokomzwelo nokokusebenza, ulwazi nokulalela kukusiza ukuthi uqinisekise imizwa nemizwa yakho.
Ekulahlekelweni kokukhulelwa okungapheli
I-doula okuhambisana nawe, okulalelayo, okuzwelayo nawe nokuhloniphayo. Ukunikeza uthando nokuxhaswa okungenamibandela inqobo nje uma umdinga.
Ziyini izinzuzo zokuba ne-doula?
Ngawo-70, uDkt.Klaus noKennell baqhuba isifundo sokuphayona ngokuba khona kwe-doula ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe esibhedlela sikahulumeni eGuatemala, ngezinga eliphezulu lokuzalwa, izingxenye zokubeletha kanye nezindleko zemithi. Ucwaningo beluqukethe ngokwabiwa kwabesifazane emisebenzini inkampani yabanye besifazane abakade bengomama. Abanye besifazane babenakekelwa ngabasebenzi bezempilo ngokusho komthetho wesibhedlela. Umphumela waba ukuthi abesifazane abahambisana nabanye omama badinga ukungenelela okumbalwa kakhulu kunalokho okuhambisana nabasebenzi bezempilo. Lesi sifundo saphindwa kamuva eTexas futhi imiphumela yayifana.
Izinzuzo zama-doulas ngezinombolo
Ngokwemininingwane eqoqwe ocwaningweni IDoula Yenza Umehluko, eshicilelwe ku-Mothering Magazine, Mashi-Ephreli 1998), ubukhona be-doula bungasho ukuthi:
- Ukwehliswa okungu-50% kwezigaba zokubeletha
- Ukulethwa okufushane okungama-25%
- Izicelo ezimbalwa ze-epidural ezingama-60%
- Ukusetshenziswa okuncane okungu-40% kwe-oxytocin yokwenziwa
- Ukusetshenziswa okungaphansi kwama-30% kokunciphisa izinhlungu
- Ukusetshenziswa okungaphansi kwama-forceps okungama-40%
- Ukukhathazeka okuncane nokucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha.
- Ukubambisana okwandisiwe nengane yakho.
- Ukwaneliseka okukhulu (ama-71% wamacala aqhathaniswa ne-30% yamacala afundwayo angenakho ukuba khona kwe-doula).
- Ukwanda kwamathuba okuphumelela ekunceliseni ibele (52% vs. 29%).
Ezinye izifundo nokubuyekezwa okukhombise izinzuzo zokuba ne-doula
Ngo-2012, i-WHO yakhipha isinqumo umthelela nezinzuzo zokuqapha okuqhubekayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokubeletha. Ngo-2013, a Umbiko kaCochrane uphethe ngokuthi ukusekelwa okuqhubekayo kowesifazane ngesikhathi sokubeletha, ngumuntu ongaphandle kwezempilo noma imvelo yomndeni, kubonakala kuzuzisa kakhulu. Ngawo lowo nyaka, isifundo esivela ku-Journal of Perinatal Education, iphindaphinde izinzuzo zokuba khona kwama-doulas. Muva nje, i-American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has kuvunyelwe izinzuzo ze-doulas ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
I-doula iyinombolo okwamanje ebuya ngamandla, ukumboza isidingo sokwesekwa amanethiwekhi wabesifazane ake anikela ngaso. Ukuba khona kwabo kusiza abesifazane ukuthi baqonde imizwa yabo lapho kubhekene nenguquko ebandakanya ukuba ngumama. Inhloso ye-doula akukhona ukuthi umama unohlobo oluthile lokuba ngumama, kepha zivumelanise nezimo futhi ube sohlangothini lwezigceme ezahlukahlukene zokubeletha elihambisana nalo.