Namuhla kugujwa Usuku Lwamalungelo Ezingane Lomhlaba Wonke. Usuku lokukhumbula lokho bonke abafana namantombazane banamalungelo afanayoakukhathalekile ubulili bakho, ubuzwe, ubuhlanga, inkolo, imfundo, isimo sezomnotho noma ukukhetha ezocansi. Lokhu kuyaziwa kufayela le- Isimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Engane samukelwa ngoNovemba 20, 1959 yi-United Nations General Assembly.
Kodwa-ke, lesi simemezelo besinganele ukuvikela amalungelo ezingane ngoba besingasho noma yimuphi umthwalo wezomthetho ezifundazweni ezisamukelile. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kweminyaka yezingxoxo nohulumeni bamazwe ahlukene, abaholi bezenkolo kanye nezikhungo ezahlukahlukene, umbhalo wokugcina ozoholela ku Ingqungquthela yamalungelo ezingane. Isivumelwano samazwe omhlaba, esivunywe ngoNovemba 20, 1989, yi-United Nations General Assembly. Isivumelwano sathi sifaka phakathi kwaso Izihloko ze-54 amalungelo ayisisekelo amantombazane, abafana nentsha futhi kungokwesicelo esiphoqelekile nokugcwaliseka kwabo bonke ohulumeni abasayine. Ingqungquthela ibuye ibandakanye umthwalo wabobaba nomama, othisha, abasebenzi bezempilo nawo wonke umuntu ohlobene nomhlaba wobuntwana.
Isivumelwano sisekelwe izimiso ezine eziyisisekelo eziphakamisa wonke amanye amalungelo ezingane. Le migomo ayikubandlulula, izintshisekelo ezingcono kakhulu zengane, ilungelo lokusinda nentuthuko kanye nombono wengane.
Ukungabandlululi: Zonke izingane zinamalungelo afanayo kuzo zonke izimo, ngaso sonke isikhathi nakuyo yonke indawo.
Inzalo ephakeme yengane: Noma yisiphi isinqumo, umthetho noma inqubomgomo engathinta izingane kufanele icabangele okulungele izingane.
Ilungelo lokuphila, lokusinda kanye nentuthuko: Onke amantombazane nabafana banelungelo lokuphila futhi bathuthuke ngokwanele, baqinisekise ukufinyelela ezidingweni eziyisisekelo namathuba alinganayo.
Ukubamba iqhaza: Abancane banelungelo lokuthintwa ngezimo ezibathintayo nokuthi kunakwe nemibono yabo.
Izindatshana ezingama-54 zomhlangano zifingqiwe ngo- Izimiso Eziyishumi Eziyisisekelo okuyizinto Ukuhambisana okuyisibopho yizizwe ezikwamukele.
Ngeshwa, cishe eminyakeni engama-60 ngemuva kweSimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke, amalungelo ezingane aqhubeka nokuphulwa. Ezimweni eziningi ukwephulwa kwala malungelo kucacile futhi kusobala, kepha kokunye okuningi, kwenzeka ngendlela ecashile neyamukelekayo emphakathini. Futhi kungenxa yokuthi izingane zakha iqembu elisengozini enkulu yokuhlukunyezwa, imvamisa ngabantu abadala. Ngenxa yesimo sabo ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo, bayizisulu ezingavikelekile kakhulu futhi bavezwa ukuhlukunyezwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo, imvamisa ngaphakathi ekhaya, endaweni abahlala kuyo noma ezweni labo. Ezikhathini eziningi, kwenziwa umzamo wokuthola izizathu ezingenakuthetheleleka, ngezizathu zenkolo, zamasiko noma zokuziphatha.
Yimaphi amalungelo aphulwa kakhulu?
Amalungelo ezemfundo
Izinkulungwane zamantombazane nabafana emhlabeni abakwazi ukuya ezikoleni ngenxa yezimo abaphila ngaphansi kwazo, izimpi noma ngenxa yokuthi baphoqeleka ukuthi basebenze.
Ilungelo lempilo
Izingane eziningi emhlabeni zifa nsuku zonke ngenxa yokuba izisulu zezifo ezingelapheki noma ukungatholi imithi engabasindisa.
Ilungelo lobuzwe
Kunamazwe angayiboni imvelaphi yezingane. lokhu kubenza bangabonakali emphakathini futhi bangakwazi ukujabulela amalungelo ayisisekelo omphakathi.
Ilungelo lokuthola izindlu ezisezingeni elifanele
Emazweni amaningi, kubandakanya nelethu, kunezingane ezingakwazi ukujabulela ikhaya. Lokhu kudala izinkinga zokuzivumelanisa nezimo nokungavikeleki ezinganeni.
Izimo ezephula amalungelo ezingane
Ukuxhashazwa kwabasebenzi
Izingane eziningi emhlabeni zisebenza ezimeni eziyingozi, amahora angapheli, zingenakho nhlobo ukudla nokuncane izimo zobugqila ezethusayo lokho kubangela imiphumela emibi emzimbeni nasengqondweni.
Izingane ezithintekayo empini ehlomile
Ngesikhathi sempi, izingane zizithola zingena izimo ezinzima zengozi yomzimba nengokomzwelo. Ukulahlekelwa ngamalungu omndeni nabanye abantu obathandayo kubashiya besesimweni sokuba sengozini enkulu, okwenza kube lula kakhulu kubo ukuba babe yizisulu zazo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlaselwa (ukudlwengulwa, ukuthunjwa, ukushushumbiswa, ukuqashwa njengamasosha ezingane, njll.).
I-Trata
Minyaka yonke, izinkulungwane zezingane ziyathunjwa noma zithengiswe yimindeni yazo ukuze zixhashazwe ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwezwe. Izinhlobo zokushushumbisa zingafaka ukuxhashazwa ngokocansi, ukusebenza ngisho nokususwa kwezitho zomzimba.
Ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi
Ngalolu daba kuvame ukuthula okukhulu ngoba isisulu sizizwa sinamahloni nokwesaba. Ikakhulukazi uma kuyilungu lomndeni noma ojwayelene naye osebenzisa ukuhlukunyezwa. Izisulu zesaba ukwaliwa nokuhlazeka emindenini yazo. Kwamanye amazwe, izingane azinalo ngisho nelungelo lokunikeza ubufakazi enkantolo.
Amantombazane avame ukuhlukunyezwa kaningi kunabafana.
Umshado ophoqelelwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi
Balinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-82 abesifazane abashada ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-18 yokuzalwa. Ezimweni eziningi, umshado uyisithelo se- ukuxoxisana phakathi kwabazali bentombazane nesoka layo, imvamisa mdala kakhulu kunaye.
Lokhu, ngaphezu kokucabanga ukwephulwa kwezintshisekelo zentombazane, kucabanga uchungechunge lwemithelela ethinta amalungelo afana nemfundo, ezempilo noma ubuqotho bomzimba.
Ukucwaswa kwabesifazane
Izisulu kuvame ukuba amantombazane aphakathi kweminyaka emi-4 nengu-14 ubudala kanti ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngaphambi komshado noma kwengane yokuqala. Lo mkhuba, ngaphezu kokubandlulula, wenza i ukwephulwa kwamalungelo ayisisekelo entombazane: ilungelo lempilo, ukuthembeka komzimba, ukuvikelwa ezenzweni zodlame kanye nasenkululeko yokuthatha isinqumo ngomzimba wakho.
Kungumkhuba wokuthi kuvame ukwenziwa ngendlela yobudlabha futhi ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuhlanzeka. Ngakho-ke, amantombazane angaphansi kwalokhu kungenelela asengozini yokuthola izifo, i-septicemia, ukutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo, ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini nezinye izinkinga zomzimba nezingokomzwelo ezitholakala ekucwiyweni.
Ukwephulwa okungabonakali kwamalungelo ezingane
Kunezinye izindlela zokwephulwa kwamalungelo ezingane. Mhlawumbe kungabonakali kangako kepha kucashile futhi kujwayelekile emphakathini wethu, kodwa kubaluleke ngokulinganayo futhi akwamukeleki. Sonke sicabanga ngezingane zezimo ezimbi nezimbi kakhulu ezibona izindaba futhi sicabanga ukuthi izingane zethu, ezihlaliswe emphakathini oziqinisekisa ngemfundo, ezempilo nezinye izidingo, zinezidingo zeSimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Engane imboziwe. Kepha akuhlali kunje, izimo eziningi ezenzeka ekhaya nasesikoleni futhi esivame ukuzithatha njengezisemthethweni, zephula amanye ala malungelo. Ngikunikeza izibonelo:
Sebenzisa noma ukuxhasa ukujeziswa ngokomzimba ngenxa yemfundo
ESpain, ukusetshenziswa kokujeziswa ngokomzimba kuyicala ngokusho kwe- Isigaba 154 sekhodi yomphakathi. Udlame, noma lukhulu kangakanani, alufundisi. Asikho isihlathi semfundo, noma isimangaliso. Ngokusebenzisa ukujezisa ngokomzimba, okuwukuphela kwento esiyibonisayo ukuthi siphelelwe yimithombo yokuxazulula ingxabano futhi, ngokuhluleka ukuzibamba, sikhiphele intukuthelo yethu kwababuthakathaka.
"Kuyisibopho soMbuso ukuvikela izingane kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlukunyezwa okwenziwa obaba, omama noma omunye umuntu" (Isigaba 19 seNgqungquthela Yamalungelo Engane)
Ukumemeza, ukuhlekisa noma ukusongela ingane
Izikhathi eziningi, lapho izingane zingaziphathi ngendlela esicabanga ukuthi kufanele siziphathe ngayo, sigcina ngokubamemeza, sibasonge noma sibahleke. Singahle singazi, kodwa kulezi zimo izingane zinenkinga enzima, njengathi lapho emsebenzini wethu noma endaweni yethu singazizwa samukelekile. Umehluko ukuthi sinazo noma kufanele sibe nezinsiza zokuzivikela. Sijwayele ukujabulela uzwela lwabanye abantu abadala. Ezinganeni, lezi zenzo zithathwa njengezisemthethweni futhi imvamisa azizwa zisekelwa yinoma ngubani, Kunalokho okuphambene ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukulimala ngokomzwelo kungalimaza noma kube ngaphezu komzimba.
"Ingane, ukuze ikhule ngokugcwele futhi ihambisane nobuntu bayo, idinga uthando nokuqondwa." (Umgomo VI weSimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Engane)
Ukungakunaki ukukhala noma okufunwa yizingane
Lapho sisebenzisa izindlela zokuqeqesha ukulala noma singazinaki izifiso zabo ukuthi zihambisane, lapho singabavumeli ukuthi baveze imizwa yabo, siyabaphoqa ukuba badle ngaphandle kwendlala, ukulawula ukuqeqeshwa kwendlu yangasese ngaphambi kwesikhathi ..., ngamafuphi, njalo uma singazihloniphi isigqi nezidingo zabo zebhayoloji, siphula amalungelo akho.
"Uma kwenzeka, kufanele bakhule ngaphansi kwesivikelo kanye nomthwalo wabazali babo, futhi, noma kunjalo, endaweni yothando nokuvikeleka kokuziphatha kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo" (Umgomo VI we-Universal Declaration of the Rights of the Child)
Ukuhlukanisa ingane nabazali bayo
Kwezinye izibhedlela, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zisathathwa ziyiswe esidlekeni ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo. Omama abathola ukuhlinzwa ngezikhathi eziningi abavunyelwe ukuqhuba isikhumba nesikhumba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kujwayelekile nokuthi kwezinye izikhungo zezempilo, ungavumeli izingane zihambisane nabazali bazo ngokuhlolwa okuthile, ngaleyo ndlela kwephula izinhlinzeko ze- I-European Charter Yamalungelo Ezingane Ezilele esibhedlela. Ukwehlukaniswa kwenzeka futhi lapho izingane kufanele zichithe amahora amaningi ezikoleni nasezinkulisa ngenxa yezimo zokusebenza zabazali kanye nokuntuleka kwezinqubomgomo zokubuyisana ezinaka izidingo zezingane.
»Ngaphandle kwalapho kunezimo ezihlukile, ingane encane akufanele yehlukaniswe nonina" (Umgomo VI wesimemezelo samazwe onke samalungelo engane)
Umsebenzi owedlulele wesikole nezijeziso
Lapho izingane zifika ekhaya zithwele umsebenzi wesikole noma zijeziswa ngaphandle kwekhefu, kwephula i- ilungelo lokujabulela ngokugcwele imidlalo nokuzijabulisa. Iningi labantu abadala linesheduli futhi asijwayele ukuthatha umsebenzi wethu siye nawo ekhaya, ngaphandle kokumbalwa. Sijabulela ngokomthetho isikhathi sethu sokuphumula phakathi nosuku lokusebenza. Uma kungenjalo, sizobeka izandla zethu emakhanda ethu. Kodwa-ke, sibona kuyinto ejwayelekile futhi evumelekile, ukuthi ingane incishwa isikhathi sayo sokuphumula phakathi nosuku lwesikole noma ukuthi ifika ekhaya inomsebenzi omningi wesikole kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi iye ukuyodlala noma yenze eminye imisebenzi.
»Ingane kufanele ijabulele ngokuphelele imidlalo nokuzijabulisa, okumele kubhekiswe ezinhlosweni ezilandelwa yimfundo; umphakathi kanye neziphathimandla zomphakathi bazozama ukukhuthaza ukujabulela leli lungelo "(Isimiso VII Sesimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Engane)
Ukuhlukumeza esikoleni noma ukuxhashazwa
Ukuhlukumeza esikoleni kuyindlela yokuhlukumeza ngokomzimba, ngamazwi nangokwengqondo okwenzeka phakathi kwabancane nokuphindaphindeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ezimweni eziningi, Akunikezwa ukubaluleka elikudingayo njengoba kubhekwa njengezinto zezingane nokuthi bazoyixazulula bodwa. Kodwa-ke, enganeni ethintekile, impilo ingaphendukela esihogweni, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kudingeke ukuthi ishintshe izikole. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kuvele ukuzibulala.
Le yinkinga ebucayi engafanele ithathwe kalula. Omama, obaba nothisha, sinesibopho sokusiza izingane zikwazi ukubhekana nalezi zimo, kanye neze ubafundise ukubekezelelana nokuhlonipha abanye kanye nabo uqobo.
«Ingane kumele ivikelwe emikhubeni engaqhakambisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lobandlululo. Kumele akhuliswe ngomoya wokuqonda nokubekezelela lapho kukhona umehluko. (Umgomo X we Isimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Engane)
Nquma izingane noma ungayinaki imibono yazo
Izingane zinayo ilungelo lokwaziswa nokuboniswana ngezinkinga ezibathintayo, kodwa into ejwayelekile ukuthi singabantu abadala sibanquma ngaphandle kokubonisana nabo.
"Abancane banelungelo lokuthintwa ngezimo ezibathintayo nokuthi kubhekwe nemibono yabo." (IV Isisekelo Esiyisisekelo Sesivumelwano Samalungelo Engane).
Ingane kufanele ivikelwe emikhubeni engakhuthaza noma yiluphi uhlobo lobandlululo. Kumele akhuliswe ngomoya wokuqonda nokubekezelela lapho kukhona umehluko.