Ikholi "iminyaka emibi" Kuyihlazo elikhulu: kuyisigaba lapho abafana namantombazane abaningi bebizwa ngokungakhethi ngokuthi abavuthiwe, abahlubuki, noma abangenangqondo. Kodwa-ke, kuyisimo ukuziphatha okuvamile nokulindelekile ngaphakathi kokukhula kwayo. Kuwukubonakaliswa kobuchopho, umzimba, kanye nobuntu ekuguqulweni okugcwele.
Intsha isendleleni eya ebudaleni futhi lokhu kusho ukulandelana kwe izinguquko zamahomoni, zomzimba, zengqondo, zenhlalo, kanye nemizwa lokho kuzoshintsha izimpilo zabo, yize bona ngokwabo bevame ukungazi ukuthi bangazilawula kanjani. Ukuqonda ukuthi yini ebangela lezi zenzo kubalulekile ekuzisekeleni ngaphandle kokunciphisa lokho abakuzwayo noma ukwenza lesi sigaba sibe sibi. Abazali abaningi bayaqaphela ukuthi lesi sigaba sivame ukuqala phakathi kweminyaka yobudala Iminyaka emi-10 nengu-13 futhi ingafinyelela umvuthwandaba wayo ngesikhathi sobusha, kuze kube yilapho ivuthiwe kwezinye izimo ezinzile phakathi Iminyaka emi-16 nengu-19yize izikhathi zingahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu.
Intsha ifuna ukuthola ukuthi ingobani Futhi badinga umuntu omdala ozobahola futhi abasekele. Ukuzwa ukuthi "badlula ebusheni" akubasizi, ngoba inciphisa ukungakhululeki kwabo futhi kuqinisa umqondo wokuthi konke okwenzekayo kubo kumane kuyize nje.
Lesi sigaba sivame ukuqala cishe ukucabanga kwangaphambili, lapho kuvela izinguquko zokuqala zomzimba nezobuntu, futhi zihlala phakathi nesikhathi sobusha kuze kube yilapho izinga elanele ukuvuthwa ngokomzwelo nangokwenhlaloIsikhathi esiqondile siyahlukahluka kakhulu kusukela komunye umfana kuya komunye, kodwa ngokuvamile sithatha iminyaka eminingana.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ngesifiso sabo sokuzakhela ubuwena babo, intsha ivame ukwenza bahlukene nabazali babo Bathembele kakhulu eqenjini lontanga yabo. Bafuna abangane abanjengabo abakuthandayo, indlela abacabanga ngayo, kanye nokwesaba kwabo. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi bayayeka ukudinga umndeni wabo, hhayi nhlobo. Nakuba bengase babonise ukuthi abakudingi nokuthi ubungane babo buyinto ebaluleke kakhulu, iqiniso liwukuthi Basadinga isisekelo esiqinile ekhaya.imingcele ecacile kanye nabantu abadala abatholakalayo.
Nakuba kungenakukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-generalized, okusabalele kakhulu ukuthi Amantombazane avame ukuvuthwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunabafana Lokhu kusebenza emakhonweni abo omzimba, futhi ezimweni eziningi, nendlela abaphatha ngayo imizwa yabo kanye nobudlelwano babo. Amantombazane avame ukucabanga kakhulu futhi akhulume; abafana banamawala kakhulu futhi bagxile esenzweni. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kusiza ekugwemeni ukuqhathanisa izingane zakubo noma abangane.
Ubuchopho buyakhula futhi buchaza izindlela eziningi zokuziphatha.
Lapho kufika ukuthomba, imizimba yabafana namantombazane ishintsha ngokushesha okukhulu: izici zocansi zesibiliUkuphakama kwabo kuyanda, amazwi abo ayashintsha, izinwele zabo zomzimba ziyavela… Baba yintsha futhi umzimba wabo uqala ukufana nowabantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, nakuba bengase babukeke bekhulile ngaphandle, Ngaphakathi, ubuchopho bakhe busakhiwa..
Ingqondo yiyona isitho sokugcina esivuthiwe futhi intuthuko yayo iyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho isikhulile: ochwepheshe abaningi babeka ukuvuthwa okugcwele eduze cishe iminyaka emi-24Ngokuphathelene nesakhiwo kanye ne-chemistry, ubuchopho bobusha bufinyelela ingxenye kuphela yesimo sabo sokugcina (kwezinye izifundo kulinganiselwa ukuthi bukhona 80% (ezicini ezithile), ngakho-ke kusenezinqubo zokucwenga kanye nokuxhumana ezivumela ukuzithiba okuzinzile kanye nekhono elithuthukisiwe ngokugcwele lokwahlulela.
Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo sobuchopho esikhula ngokushesha, intsha ingakwazi funda ngesivinini esingavamileZisesigabeni sokuqina okuphezulu. ipulasitiki ye-synapticAmangqamuzana obuchopho ayaxhumana ngokwakha ukuxhumana okusha (ama-synapses), futhi lapho efunda okuthile, lokhu kuxhumana kuyaqiniswa. Kulesi sigaba, amaprotheni namakhemikhali ahilelekile ekwakheni ama-synapses okufunda asebenza kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukukuthola ngesikhathi sobuntwana kanye nentsha yokuqala izilimi ezimbili noma ezintathu kalula noma ukuthuthukisa amakhono ayinkimbinkimbi (izinsimbi zomculo, ezemidlalo, izinhlelo, njll.) ngesikhathi esingaphansi komuntu omdala. Intsha ayiphumeleli njengengane encane ekufundeni okuthile okuyisisekelo, kodwa Kusobala ukuthi idlula abantu abadala ngesivinini sokuthola nokucubungula ulwazi olusha..
Indida ukuthi, nakuba benekhono elikhulu lokufunda, ukuxhumana phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene zobuchopho (ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezindawo ezingokomzwelo kanye ne-prefrontal cortex) zisahlanganiswa. Yingakho zingabonisa ukuziphatha okubonakala sengathi kungaphandle ukungaqondani noma okungalindelekileBayazi ukuthi yini “okufanele” bayenze, kodwa bayahluleka ukuyihumusha ibe yizenzo ezihambisanayo.
Ama-lobes angaphambili asakhulaBanesibopho semisebenzi efana nokuhlela, ukwahlulela, ukulawula ukushukuma, uzwela, kanye nekhono lokuzifaka ezicathulweni zomunye umuntu. Kukulezi zindawo lapho intsha eningi ibonisa khona ubunzima obukhulu: balwela ukubikezela imiphumela, ukuhlola izingozi, ukunqanda ukushukuma, noma ukucabangela ukuthi omunye umuntu uzizwa kanjani.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulesi sigaba izindawo zobuchopho ezixhumene ne- usesho lomvuzo olusheshayo Zisebenza ngamandla kakhulu. I-dopamine iyanda lapho izwa imizwa emisha, ubudlelwano obuhlukile, noma imisebenzi eyingozi iphakeme kunasebuntwaneni noma ebudaleni. Lokhu kubenza bazizwe bakhangwa kakhulu yizinto ezintshangisho noma kuhilela izingozi ezisobala kumuntu omdala.
Konke lokhu akusho ukuthi “abakwazi” ukuzibamba, kodwa kunalokho badinga okwengeziwe. ukuqeqeshwa, ukwesekwa, kanye nemingcele engaguquki kusukela ngaphandle ukuze ufunde ukuzilawula.
Izinguquko zomzimba, ezingokomzwelo, kanye nezenhlalo ngesikhathi sobusha
Kumuntu osemusha uqobo lwakhe, izinguquko zomzimba ezisheshayo emzimbeni wakhe zimele ukungafani okunzima ukukuqondanisaUkubukeka okusha kungadala ukuziqhenya, kodwa futhi kubangele amahloni noma ukungazethembi. Bavame ukukholelwa ukuthi sebevuthiwe futhi “bazi konke,” futhi lokhu kuthonya ukuziphatha kwabo.
Kuvela ukuziphatha okuhlukahlukene kakhulu okuncike ku- ubuntu, Of the imfundo etholiwe kanye nangocansi. Amantombazane amaningi ahlukaniswe phakathi kwesidingo sokujabulisa nesifiso sokuzimela; avame ukuba nomuzwa wemizwa kakhulu futhi anezinga eliphakeme lokucabanga ngendlela engcono. Abafana, ngokuvamile, Zivuthwa kamuva futhi bavame ukuba namandla noma abaphikisi kakhulu igunya.
Iqembu labangane lidlala indima ebalulekile. isimo sengqondo esigxile kakhulu eqenjiniBadinga ukulingana, bazizwe bengabakwa, nokuthi bayamukelekile. Iqembu liqinisa ubugovu babo futhi libe yisibuko lapho bezibona khona ukuze bakhe ubuwena babo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bathembele kakhulu emibonweni yabangane babo kunakubazali babo, okungaholela ekutheni ukungezwani komndeni lapho befuna inkululeko futhi imingcele ingqubuzana nezifiso zabo.
I intshisekelo kwezocansiIzinto zokuqala ezikhangayo ezijulile ziyavela, ziyathandeka, zifuna ukwazi ngemizimba yakho neyabanye. Lokhu akwethusi, kodwa kuyingxenye yentuthuko enempilo, uma nje kukhona imfundo yocansi ecacile, enenhlonipho nevikelayo futhi nixoxe ngokukhululekile ngezihloko ezifana nemvume, ubudlelwano obulinganayo, kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo.
Imikhuba emibi, ukusetshenziswa kabi kanye ne-IQ ebusheni
Izidakamizwa notshwala kungaba ne- umthelela omkhulu kakhulu ebuchosheni bobusha. Phakathi nale minyaka, amanethiwekhi ezinzwa asahlangana, ngakho-ke ukuchayeka ezintweni ezithile kungenza shintsha izinqubo zokuvuthwa kokhiye futhi kwandisa ingozi yokulutha esikhathini esizayo.
Ngesikhathi sobusha, i-intelligence quotient (IQ) ipulasitiki kakhulu kunalokho okwakucatshangwa eminyakeni edlule. Kungashintshashintsha kuye ngezici ezifana nokuthi indawo ejwayelekile, lo ukugqugquzela ukuqondaikhwalithi yokulala, amazinga okucindezeleka okungapheli, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Ezinye izifundo zibone izinguquko eziphawulekayo ezinkomba zokuqonda phakathi Iminyaka emi-13 nengu-17, izikhathi ezibucayi kakhulu ekuhlanganisweni kwamakhono ezemfundo.
Ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo nakho kuyinkinga, ngoba intsha ayikakwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezinzima ngempumelelo njengabantu abadala. Uma ingenazo amasu okubhekana nawo Uma lezi zindlela zokubhekana nezinkinga zinganele, izingane zingase zisebenzise izindlela zokubalekela izinkinga ezingaphilile (ukusebenzisa isikhathi esiningi esikrinini, ukuzihlukanisa, ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa, ukuziphatha okuyingozi, njll.). Ukunikeza ukwesekwa, ukuzifundisa indlela yokucela usizo, nokuqinisekisa imizwa yazo kubalulekile ekunciphiseni lokhu kucindezeleka.
Ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi, ukubukisa isikrini nokulala: i-cocktail ethambile
Intsha iphila izungezwe yizinto ezishukumisayo: amanethiwekhi omphakathi, imidlalo yevidiyo, imiyalezo esheshayo, amavidiyo, umculo… Ucingo ukuxhuma okuningi (Ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi ngezikrini ezahlukene) kudala ukugcwala kwezinzwa okungakuphazamisa ikhono lokugxila nokukhumbula ulwaziBanobunzima obukhulu bokugcina ukunaka okuqhubekayo, bashintsha imisebenzi njalo, futhi bazizwa bekhungathekile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezikrini ngokweqile nokungafanele kuhlotshaniswa izinkinga zokulala, ukukhathazeka okukhulu, ubunzima bezemfundo kanye nokucasuka okukhulu. Kulesi sigaba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphawula imikhawulo yesikhathi sokusetshenziswa ecacileGwema ukusebenzisa amadivayisi ekamelweni lokulala ebusuku futhi ukhuthaze eminye imisebenzi yokuzilibazisa: ezemidlalo, ukufunda, umculo, imidlalo yebhodi, ukuzithandela, njll.
Ukulala kubalulekile ukufunda, inkumbulo, kanye nokulawula imizwa entsheni. Kodwa-ke, abaningi abatholi ubuthongo ababudingayo. Uma intsha ilala sekwephuzile noma ivuka sekwephuzile ekuseni, akusho ukuthi ivilapha ngempela: iwashi lakho lebhayoloji lishintshileKulesi sigaba, i-hormone i-melatonin ikhishwa kamuva kunasebuntwaneni; empeleni, kuyilapho kubantu abadala abaningi i-melatonin ikhuphuka iye ezingeni lokukhula. 8: 30 pmEzinganeni ezisencane, lokhu kukhululwa kungabambezeleka kuze kube yilapho cishe zineminyaka eyi-10. 11 pmYingakho benenkinga yokulala kusenesikhathi.
Ngokuvamile badinga okuthile Amahora angu-8 noma angu-9 okulala nsuku zonke Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuchopho ngendlela enempilo. Ukuphoqa ukuba bavuke kusenesikhathi baye esikoleni, ngokwebhayoloji, kufana nokuthi umuntu omdala kufanele avuke phakathi nobusuku: isibonelo, osemusha evuka e- I-6 am Kungafana nomuntu omdala okumele avuke ngesikhathi I-3 amUkuphumula okunganele kuhlotshaniswa isimo sengqondo esiphansi, ukusebenza okubi kakhulu kwezemfundo, ukungazimiseli, kanye nokusengozini enkulu yokucindezeleka.
Izikrini ebusuku ziyenza ibe nzima le nkinga: ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuvela kumadivayisi kubambezela ukukhiqizwa kwe-melatonin, futhi okuqukethwe abakudlayo (amavidiyo, izingxoxo, imidlalo) kuvuselela ubuchopho kakhulu lapho kufanele buqale ukuphumula.
Izici ezibalulekile zengqondo nezenhlalo zobusha
Ezingeni lengqondo, ubusha bubonakala ngokuthi ukushintshashintsha kwemizwelo okukhulu nokusheshayoZingasuka ekubeni yinjabulo ziye ekubeni lusizi noma intukuthelo ngemizuzu embalwa. Lokhu kuhlobene nokuhlanganiswa ukushintshashintsha kwama-hormoneukusabela okukhulu ngokomzwelo kanye nobuchopho obungakabi busha be-prefrontal.
Ukuzethemba kudlala indima ebalulekile. Indlela intsha ezibona ngayo (umzimba wayo, amakhono ayo, ukubaluleka kwayo njengomuntu) ngokuyinhloko inquma ikusasa layo. indlela yokwenza kanye nokuxhumanaIzinguquko zomzimba, induna, isisindo, ukuphakama, noma yisiphi isici abasibheka “njengesihlukile” zingadala ukungazethembi kanye nokuzigxeka.
Ezimweni ezicindezelayo, ukuzethemba kuvame ukwehla, okwenza yonke indawo ibhekwe njengosongo noma umthombo ohlala njalo wokwahlulela. Kulesi sigaba, abazali nabafundisi banomthwalo wemfanelo wokwenza kanjalo. qinisa ukuzethemba Ngaphandle kokubeka izingane amagama. Akufani nokuthi “umubi” nokuthi “okwenzile bekungalungile.” Ukuziphatha kufanele kungabazwe, hhayi ukuthi umuntu ungubani.
Ngokombono wezenhlalo, iqembu labangane liyisisekelo sabo intuthuko kanye nokufezekaYindawo lapho bezama khona izindima, bahlole imingcele, bahlole ukukhangwa abanye, futhi bathuthukise ukuqonda kwabo ubungani, uthando, nokwethembeka. Uma bezizwa bengazethembi ngokubukeka noma ubuntu babo, ukusekelwa ngabangane ababamukelayo njengoba benjalo kubasiza ukuba balawule lokho kwesaba.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuchopho bobusha sizwela kakhulu ezintweni ezincane ezingaba khonaIhlaya, ukuphawula ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, noma ukubuka kungahunyushwa njengokwenqatshwa futhi kubangele ukukhathazeka okukhulu komphakathi. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani bekhathazekile kangaka ngokwamukelwa ontanga yabo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, bezwela kakhulu.
Indlela yokuxhumana nengane yakho ngesikhathi sobusha
Isimo sengqondo sabazali kulesi sigaba singenza umehluko omkhulu. Akukhona mayelana nokuba "abangane" bezingane zabo, kodwa mayelana nokwamukela indima yokuba Isiqondiso sabazaliAbantu abanegunya elithule, amakhono okulalela, kanye nokuzimisela ukuhamba ngaphandle kokuphazamisa.
- La ukuzethemba Kumelwe inqotshwe yizinhlangothi zombili.
- Xoxa futhi ubeke imingcele kucacile futhi kuyaqondakala.
- I-Las ezinye izindlela Bangaba umngane wakho ongcono kakhulu ekugwemeni izingxabano ezingadingekile.
- Ukunaka kwengane yakho kuwe kusekelwe ku- ukuzethemba ukuthi unayo.
- Setha eyodwa ukuxhumana okuvulekile ukuze azi ukuthi angathembela kuwe.
- Chitha isikhathi sekhwalithi nezingane zakho, ngaphandle kwezikrini phakathi.
- Ingabe imisebenzi ndawonye ukuthi nobabili nijabule.
- banikeze isikhala kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo kufaneleka ngokweminyaka yabo.
- Khetha amagama akho ngokucophelela: ngisho nezinhloso ezinhle kakhulu zingahunyushwa kabi uma usebenzisa ithoni engafanele.
- Yiba nesithakazelo esiqotho kukho konke ingane yakho efuna ukukuchazela noma ukukutshela kona.
- Funda uku lalela ngempumelelongaphandle kokuphazamisa noma ukunciphisa.
- lawula eyakho ira futhi ugweme ukuthukwa.
- Yiba yi- isibonelo esihle kakhulu Kungenzeka: baqaphela okungaphezu kwalokho okubonakala.
- Funda ukuba nezimo kakade sebevele bevuma lokho okungabalulekile.
- Lalela umbono wabo futhi kubaluleke kakhulungisho noma kamuva wenza isinqumo esihlukile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyalulekwa ukuthi:
Ukusebenza ekuqiniseni ukuzethembaukugqamisa amakhono abo kanye nemizamo yabo ngaphezu kwemiphumela nje kuphela. Ukukhuthaza imisebenzi ye ezokungcebeleka okunempilo (ezemidlalo, amaqembu amasiko, amaphrojekthi omphakathi) lapho befunda khona ukusebenza njengeqembu nokulandela imithetho. Bavumele benze amaphutha ezindabeni eziphathwayo ukuze bafunde ukuzilungisa futhi bathole indlela yabo yokuphila ngaphandle kokuba abazali babo babaxazululele konke.
Ekukhulumisaneni ngezihloko ezibucayi ezifana nokuthi utshwala, ugwayi, izidakamizwa noma ucansiKungcono ukudala izikhala zengxoxo njalo kunokuzikhawulela engxoxweni eyodwa. Khuluma ngokulinganisela, ukuzithiba, inhlonipho ngomzimba wakho kanye nemizimba yabanye, futhi ubafundise ukuqaphela ukucindezela kontanga okubabeka engozini.
Okubalulekile ukuhlanganisa ukubekezela, imingcele eqinile, imfudumalo, kanye nomuzwa wokuhlekaIzingane zakho ezisencane ziyakudinga, yize ngezinye izikhathi kungase kubonakale kuhlukile. Zidinga isiqondiso sakho nokusekelwa, kodwa futhi nenhlonipho yakho ngobumfihlo bazo kanye nezinguquko ezibhekana nazo.
Kunconywa ukugwema izinsolo zomhlaba wonke, izahlulelo zokubaluleka, namazwi abuhlunguUzwela kanye nokuzethemba kufanele kube yisisekelo sokuxhumana kwakho: ukuveza lokho okucabangayo nokuzizwayo ngaphandle kokuhlasela, nokulalela lokho abakucabangayo nabakuzwayo ngisho noma ungavumelani.
"Isikhathi esibi" siwushintsho olunzima kodwa lwesikhashana. Uma uqonda okwenzekayo emzimbeni nasengqondweni yabo, ulungise okulindelwe, futhi uzibeke njengomuntu omdala osekelayo, lesi sigaba singaba yithuba elibalulekile lokukhula nokuthuthuka. qinisa isibopho futhi ubeke isisekelo sobudlelwano obuhle lapho kufika isikhathi sobudala.