Imfundo yaseSpain ingahle ingahambi ngezikhathi zayo ezinhle kakhulu (lokho kucacile). Kodwa enginesiqiniseko sako ukuthi kuyohlale kukhona ochwepheshe abazozama ukulwela uhlelo olusha lwezemfundo futhi abazolwela ukukwenza ukuqwashisa emphakathini ukuthi kudingeka ushintsho ngokushesha ekilasini. Kuyaphuthuma kakhulu. Omunye walabo bantu nguBelén Piñeiro.
Belén Piñeiro es una maestra de corazón especializada en neuropsicología y educación. Una profesional que tiene claro que España no está haciendo las cosas bien en cuanto a educación se refiere. Tras trabajar en varios países europeos y observar distintas metodologías ha desarrollado su propio Programa de Intervención Educativa centrándose en la educación emocional y social. ¿Os animáis a seguir leyendo la entrevista de Belén Piñeiro para Madres Hoy?
Madres Hoy: Lo primero de todo, Belén, muchísimas gracias por haber aceptado la entrevista para Madres Hoy. Es un verdadero placer tenerte por aquí. En 2015, los expertos hablaban de que 2016 iba a ser el año de las renovaciones pedagógicas. ¿Crees que ha sido o que todavía queda mucho camino por recorrer?
UBelén Piñeiro: Ngicabanga ukuthi minyaka yonke kusobala kakhulu ukuthi kudingeka ushintsho ohlelweni lwezemfundo nasendleleni esifundisa futhi sihlole ngayo izingane. Kuze kube manje, u-2016 kube unyaka lapho lesi sikhalazo sibonakala kakhulu. Luselude ukhalo okusamele luhanjwe, kodwa okubalulekile ukuthi sesivele saqala ukuhamba.
MH: Muva nje sizwa okuningi nge- "Emotional Education", kepha ngabe akunembile yini ukuthi abantu abadala bafunde ukuhambela nokwamukela imizwa yobuntwana?
I-BP: Ungayihambela kanjani futhi uyamukele imizwa enganeni ongazi ukuthi ungayibona noma uyilawule kanjani kuwe? Cishe akunakwenzeka ngomuntu omdala ukufundisa ingane ukufunda noma ukwengeza uma engazi ukuthi angakwenza kanjani. Okufanayo kuya ngemizwa. Uma ungazi ukuthi ulawule kanjani imizwa yakho, awukwazi ukufundisa ingane ukuthi ikwenze. Isinyathelo sokuqala ekuphenduleni izidingo ezingokomzwelo zombili izingane nabantu abadala "ukufunda ngokomzwelo." Ukuqamba igama lokho esizwayo nokwazi ukuthi singakukhomba kanjani.
MH: Siyini isiyalo esihle futhi sinaziphi izinzuzo emindenini nasezinganeni?
I-BP: I-Positive Discipline iyindlela yezemfundo ehlose ukuthi dunikeze abazali nabafundisi amasu okuba nomusa futhi baqine ngasikhathi sinye, ngenhloso enkulu yokufundisa ingane amakhono empilo ayisisekelo. Kuyisibonelo semfundo esihlose ukuqonda indlela izingane eziziphatha ngayo nokuthi zingasondela kanjani esimweni sazo sengqondo ukuziqondisa endleleni yazo ngaso sonke isikhathi ngendlela enhle, ethintekayo, kodwa eqinile nenenhlonipho kwabancane nabadala.
Okwamanje ngihlinzeka ngezifundo zePositive Discipline ezihloselwe abazali nothisha. Unemininingwane eminingi ngakho, lapha
MH: UKen Robinson uthi "izikole zibulala ubuhlakani." Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi ubuciko kuyindaba elindile ezikoleni eziningi?
I-BP: Ukudala kungenye yezimfanelo ezibaluleke kakhulu kumuntu. Amandla ethu okusungula, ukudala imibono emisha, kungenye yezinto ezimbalwa imishini engakwazi ukusenzela zona. Ukubulala ubuhlakani bethu kususa ingxenye enkulu yamandla ethu. Isikole kufanele sisisize sisebenzise, siveze futhi siqondise amandla ethu okudala sifinyelele enhlosweni, kunokuba sikhuthaze ukunyamalala kwaso.
MH: Kunezikole ezethule i-Emotional Education njengesifundo esingahlolwa. Kepha, akumele yini kusetshenzelwe imizwelo ebhodini nakuwo wonke amakilasi?
I-BP: Ukuhlola kuhle uma nje kwenziwa njengokulandelwa kwezici okufanele zenziwe ngcono, zombili ngabafundi nothisha noma isikole futhi ezingasetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokucindezela. Vele, kungcono ukuba nemfundo yezemizwa njengesifundo esisodwa kunokungabi nayo, kuyisiqalo esihle futhi ngalezo zinyathelo zokuqala engishicilele incwadi yami yokuqala: Ukufundisa imizwelo ebuntwaneni, okubandakanya uhlelo lokungenelela oluzoyiswa emakilasini.
Kepha, uthathe izinyathelo zokuqala, Ngokufanelekile, kufanele ibe khona unomphela ekilasini nokuthi bonke othisha banokuqeqeshwa okudingekayo ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga. Uma ingane ibhekane nesimo sokuxhashazwa ngoMsombuluko ekuseni, leyo ngxabano kufanele isingathwe lapho yenzekile futhi ingalindi umzuzu lapho "ithinta" isifundo semfundo yezemizwa ngezikhathi zesikole.
MH: Ngabe imikhawulo nezinkambiso akuhambelani nesiyalo esihle?
I-BP: Cha, imikhawulo ikhona futhi ekuqondisweni okuhle, kuphela ukuthi izingane zibandakanyekile ekwakheni imithetho (ngokusemandleni azo) futhi lokho kuzenza zikulungele kakhulu ukuyithobela. Siphendula kangcono kokuvumelanayo kunokujwayelekile.
MH: Ngabe umphakathi ukhathazeke ngamamaki, izivivinyo, namamaki?
I-BP: Yilokho esifundiswe ukuthi sikuhloniphe esikhathini sezimboni. Izingane zilinganiswe ngokuthi "zihlakaniphile" noma "ziyizimungulu" ngokususelwa kumakhono azo ezifundweni ezifana nezibalo, ulimi, noma ikhono labo lokukhumbula. Amamaki esikole abeyisilinganiso samakhono futhi futhi "aphumelela" empilweni. Namuhla siyazi ukuthi amamaki amahle awaqinisekisi impumelelo, hhayi kuphela ezingeni lomuntu siqu, kodwa futhi nasezingeni lobuchwepheshe.
MH: Imizwa yomzuzu nomzuzu ... yize ucabanga ukuthi kungani eminye yemizwelo ibonwa imbi?
I-BP: Sinawo lowo mqondo ngoba indlela yokuveza leyo mizwa ingalimaza, kulabo abazizwayo, nakulabo ababazungezile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemizwa ethile ene- “stigma” esingesihle kuye ngesimo sini. Kuyabonakala kahle ukuthi ingane encane iyakhala, kepha leyo nkulumo yokudabuka ayemukelwa kangako kubantu abadala. Okufanayo kuya ngentukuthelo nabesifazane. Kukhona namanje labo abababiza ngokuthi "yi-hysterical" njengegama elibi futhi, ngokumangazayo, lelo gama livela "esibelethweni".
MH: Ziyini izinzuzo ze-neuropsychology ekilasini?
I-BP: Njengoba uJ. Marina esho: “Ukufundisa kungukuphela komsebenzi inhloso yawo ukushintsha ubuchopho bomuntu nsuku zonke. Kumele kugcinwe engqondweni ukuze kungabi ngokungakhathali". Kungenzeka kanjani-ke ukuthi uthisha angazi nakancane ukuthi ubuchopho bethu bakheke kanjani? Ukunaka kwethu, inkumbulo yethu, amakhono ethu wezimoto, imizwa yethu, ukucabanga kwethu okunengqondo-kwezibalo ...
Konke okusetshenzelwa ekilasini kusengqondweni, yingakho kubalulekile ukuthi uthisha abe nolwazi ngalezi zihloko hhayi lokho kuphela, kodwa futhi afake lokhu kufunda emsebenzini owenziwayo ekilasini, endleleni yabo yokufundisa ngendlela oqonda ngayo ukufunda kwabafundi. Yilokhu okulethwa yi-neuropsychology.
Okwamanje ngenza isifundo seNeuroeducation, esibhekiswe kubo bobabili abazali nothisha. Unemininingwane eminingi ngakho, lapha.
MH: Izingane ezineminyaka eyisithupha zicindezelekile futhi zikhungatheke. Ucabanga ukuthi kubangelwa yini?
BP: Kubuhlungu kakhulu. Ubuntwana buhlala kancane kancane. Ngisanda kufunda udaba oluthi “Amashejuli agwinye izingane zethu. Izingane ziye zaba ngabantu abadala”. Izingane azisenaso isikhathi sokuba yizingane, ukusungula, ukucabanga, ukugijima, ukweqa ... Kubaluleke kangakanani konke lokhu ... Usuku lwethu usuku nosuku siludlulisele osukwini lwesikole oluboshwe ngamaketanga emisebenzini engapheli yesikole, umsebenzi wesikole kanye nemisebenzi eqondisiwe. Abancane endlini banamashejuli amade kunabazali babo… kuyihlazo langempela.
Sibeke phansi usuku nosuku lwabancane osukwini lwesikole oluboshwe ngamaketanga emisebenzini engapheli yesikole, umsebenzi wesikole kanye nemisebenzi eqondiswayo
MH: Kunezikole eziningi ngokwengeziwe nezinokuqamba ezintsha, kepha bakhona othisha abangafuni ukuguqula indlela yabo yokufundisa yize kukhona konke?
I-BP: Ngeshwa, zikhona. Kunothisha abazinikele ekwenzeni umsebenzi wabo futhi abafuni ukushiya indawo yabo yokunethezeka. Yize iqiniso ukuthi imfundo ingumsebenzi wezandla, kunothisha abaphelelwe wumdlandla futhi bavele baphinda uhlelo olufanayo unyaka nonyaka.
MH: Ngabe kuyadingeka yini ukuthi othisha baziqeqeshele imfundo yezemizwa nezenhlalo?
I-BP: Kunjalo. Isayensi ikhombisile ukuthi imizwa ihlobene ngqo nokufunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho isimo sethu sengqondo sithonya zonke izici zempilo yethu. Ukwazi ukuphatha imizwa yethu kuzoba ithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu empilweni yethu, ngokungafani nolunye ulwazi oluningi olufundiswa esikoleni sendabuko. Kukangaki udinga ukuthi uthathe impande eyisikwele ngesandla? Kodwa-ke, kukangaki uhanjiswa yintukuthelo noma usizi ungazi ukuthi wenzeni ukubuyela esimweni sokuzola?
MH: Ngabe ukujeziswa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthi ingane ingaphindi isimilo sayo?
I-BP: Ngeke ngithi ukujeziswa akusebenzi, ngoba kuliqiniso ukuthi esikhathini esifushane kuqeda isimilo esingafunwa ngumuntu omdala. Inkinga ukuthi abayazi imiphumela yabo yesikhathi eside nemizwa abayivelisa enganeni: ukuhlubuka, intukuthelo, ukuzethemba okonakele nokuzithoba.
Kuzoqeda amakilasi njengoba siwazi. Akunangqondo ukuthi izingane zichithe amahora ayi-8 zihleli etafuleni zibheke ebhodini, kuyinto engeyona eyemvelo ngokuphelele.
Inkinga enkulu yokuqeda isijeziso ukuthi iningi labazali nabafundisi bacabanga ukuthi okuwukuphela kwento ehlukile ukuyekelela. Njengoba sibonile ephuzwini lokuqala, kwesinye isikhathi siphambanisa isiyalo nobushiqela nokuyekelela nothando.
MH: Yiziphi izinto ezinhlanu ongaziguqula njengochwepheshe wezemfundo ohlelweni lwezemfundo?
I-BP: Ngingashintsha okulandelayo:
- Kuzoshintsha umlingiswa ophambili wamakilasi. Ngingayeka ukuba nguthisha, kungaba abafundi.
- Kuzoqeda amakilasi njengoba siwazi. Akunangqondo ukuthi izingane zichithe amahora ayi-8 zihleli etafuleni zibheke ebhodini, kuyinto engeyona eyemvelo ngokuphelele.
- Kungasusa amanothi esikole njengoba siwazi. Ukuhlola kungenye yethuluzi lokwazi inqubo yokufunda nokufundisa.
- Okuqukethwe nevolumu yezihloko. Ukugcina idatha ethile akusenangqondo. Sonke sikhohliwe ama-80% alokho esikufundile eminyakeni yethu yokufunda.
- Indlela yokufundisa. Kudingeka ushintsho olukhulu. Ngenhlanhla izikole eziningi ngokwengeziwe zizibophezele emisha yokufunda futhi basebenzisa ezinye izindlela ezinjengeProject Based Learning.
MH: Belén, ngiyabonga kakhulu ngenhlolokhono. Kepha angithandi ukuvalelisa ngaphandle kokukubuza okuthile: kungani ucabanga ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukufundisa ngemizwa?
I-BP: Ngoba bayingxenye yethu, bazohamba nathi impilo yethu yonke. Ukwazi ukuthi singazamukela kanjani futhi sizilawule kanjani kuzosenza sazane kangcono, sithandane kakhulu futhi senze izinqumo ezingcono. Kuzokwenza ubudlelwane bethu nathi ngokwethu nabanye bube lula. Zonke zinenzuzo ... awucabangi?
Njengoba ukwazile ukufunda, uBelén Piñeiro unguthisha enhliziyweni olwa naso sonke isifiso sakhe sokwenza ushintsho oluphuthumayo kwezemfundo kanye namakilasi avuselelwe. Sethemba ukuthi u-2017 unyaka lapho iningi lezikole nezikhungo zemfundo zisebenzisa izindlela ezisebenzayo nezintsha ukwenza abafundi ama-protagonists wokufunda kwabo.
Ucabangani ngokuxoxisana noBelén Piñeiro? Ngifunde okuningi kuye. Ngithemba ukuthi ukuthole kuwusizo futhi kuthakazelisa!