Singasho ukuthi njengamanje, asikakatholi okuningi emculweni ngengqondo yengane. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi bangaki omama ngokungangabazeki abakhumbula umkhuba wokulalela uMozart noma uBach phakathi nokukhulelwa kwabo. Kwakuphakathi neminyaka yama-90s lapho kwaqala ukuvela izifundo ezahlukahlukene lapho kwakuthiwa lolu hlobo lokukhuthaza umsindo luthuthukisa ukukhula kwengqondo kwabantwana.
Kulungile manje Ukuhlakanipha kwezingane zethu kuncike ezintweni eziningi kakhulu kunokuba sisebenzise nje ama-headphone esiswini sethu ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca sokukhulelwaLapho kuxoxwa ngomculo kanye nobudlelwano bawo nobuchopho obusakhula, izici eziningana kumele zicatshangelwe. Ukuchayeka komntwana emculweni kufanele kuqhubeke ngemva kokuzalwa, futhi njengoba ekhula, kufanele azizwe ekhululekile ngokuphelele ukukhetha izinhlobo ezimkhangayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba nje izilaleli akwanele. Umculo uyadlalwa, uyadlalwa, uyaxhumana nawo futhi wasungulwaIzingane zidinga ukucula, ukuhambahamba, ukuzama izinsimbi zomculo, ukusungula imiculo, nokwenza umsindo ube ithuluzi lansuku zonke lokuziveza nokuxhumana nomhlaba. Ku-"Mothers Today," sikunikeza lonke ulwazi oludingayo.
Umculo udala imiphumela emibi ebuchosheni bengane
Emphakathini wanamuhla nasezikhungweni zemfundo, indawo yomculo igcinelwe kakhulu isifundo esikoleni samabanga aphansi nesamabanga aphezulu esinikezwa amahora ambalwa ngesonto, futhi lapho izingane zifunda khona ukudlala insimbi yomculo, ngokuvamile umtshingo. Kwabaningi babo, kuyinto yokufunda engakhuthazi.zinomqondo kakhulu futhi azinawo uxhumano olutheni neqiniso lazo elingokomzwelo.
Kodwa-ke, lapho singena emakilasini enkulisa, sithola injabulo ejabulisayo yalezo zingane ezineminyaka engu-4 noma 5 ubudala ezilindele ngokulangazela leso sikhathi lapho zithola ithuba lokufunda ingoma entsha. Kulezi zikhathi, umculo udlalwa njengomdlalo, ukuxhumana, kanye nokutholwa.Futhi yilapho kanye ingxenye yamandla ayo ikhona khona.
Uma umculo wethulwa ngalokho oyikho, okuhlangenwe nakho okungokomzwelo nokuzwela kuphelaUmthelela oshiya ubuchopho babo uyamangalisa. Sidinga nje ukubheka, isibonelo, umthelela omkhulu obangelwa ukuzwa umculo wesikhathi sabo, ingoma noma ingoma elula, esigulini esine-Alzheimer's. Inkumbulo yomculo ivame ukuhlala iphelele ngisho nalapho ezinye izinkumbulo zingaphumeleli.
Ubuso babo obufiphele buphinda bukhanye ngokoqobo ukumamatheka, ukucula, ukushaya izandla… Izindlela ze-neural ezilawula ubuhlakani bomculo zixhumene ne imizweloFuthi yilokho ithuluzi elinamandla lokuvuselela izinkumbulo, ukuqinisa izibopho, nokulawula isimo sengqondo ukuthi kufanele sithuthukise futhi sithuthukise kusukela ebuntwaneni.
Izifundo zokuthuthukiswa kwengane zibonisa ukuthi Izingane ezikhula zilalele umculo, zihlabelela izingoma, futhi zishintsha isigqi Bafeza intuthuko enkulu yesimiso sezinzwa. Ubuchopho budala izixhumanisi ezengeziwe ekuxhumaneni kwezinzwa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezihlobene nokuzwa, ukunaka, ukunyakaza, kanye nolimi, okuthinta izindawo eziningi zokuphila kwabo kwansuku zonke.
Phakathi kwemiphumela ephawulekayo lapho izingane zikhulela ezindaweni ezicebile ngokuhlangenwe nakho komculo, sithola:
- Umthamo wememori owandisiweukunaka nokugxila.
- Ukuthuthukiswa ekuxazululeni izinkinga zezibalo kanye nokucabanga okuyinkimbinkimbi.
- Kulula ukuveza imizwa yakhokungaba ngamazwi, ngokomzimba, noma ngokomzwelo.
- Uma kuhlanganiswe nomdanso, Kuvuselela izinzwa, ibhalansi, kanye nokukhula kwemisipha..
- Isikhuthazo esinamandla sokudala kanye nomcabango wezingane.
- Ukuthuthuka kobuhlakani ngenxa yokudalwa kokuxhumana okusha kwemizwa.
- Kwenza kube lula ukuxhumana nabantu kanye nokubambisana nezinye izingane.
- Ukuqinisa ukuzethemba lapho ingane izizwa ikwazi ukucula, ukudlala, noma ukukhumbula izingoma.
Kuye kwaphawulwa nokuthi umculo usebenza ezindaweni ezahlukene zobuchopho: izindawo ezihlobene nokunyakaza, imizwa, inkumbulo, kanye nokugxilaUkulalela noma ukwenza umculo kungakhipha ama-hormone ahlobene nenhlalakahle nokuphumula, futhi kunciphise ama-hormone ahlobene nokucindezeleka, njenge-cortisol.
Thola umculo ngensimbi yomculo
Ngokusho a ukutadisha Ucwaningo olwenziwe eNorthwestern University e-Illinois, e-USA, luthole ukuthi akwanele ukuthi izingane zilalele umculo nje. Enye indlela ehlakaniphile yokuthuthukisa intuthuko yobuchopho babo ukubanika uhlobo oluthile lwethuluzi futhi kubavumela ukuthi bangagcini nje ngokuzwa, kodwa futhi bakhiqize futhi bahlole umsindo.
- Kuhle ukuthi izingane zibe ne-xylophone yakudala, ngokwesiboneloKamuva, bangase babe nolwazi lwabo lokuqala nge-violin, upiyano, i-cello, isiginci esilula, noma izinsimbi zomculo ezincane ezishaywayo.
- Ososayensi basitshela ukuthi lapho izingane zisondela entweni ethile futhi zidlala ngemisindo, zithola futhi zicubungule imikhuba yayo, izinto zayo ezahlukene, Kuthuthukisa kubo lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlukaniswa kwe-neurophysiological"okuzothuthukisa kangcono intuthuko yayo ulimi nokujula okungcono kohlelo lwezimpawu ukwenza ngcono ukufunda.
Kusuka ku I-Laboratory Neuroscience Laboratory Abacwaningi base-Illinois bathole nokuthi ukujwayela umculo kusenesikhathi ngethuluzi lomculo kuvumela intuthuko engcono kanye nokuxhumana ezindaweni ezahlukene zezinzwa:
- Ukuxhumana okunamandla kusungulwe ku-frontal kanye ne-occipital cortex okuvumela ukuthuthukiswa kwe- izinqubo zendawo nezesikhashana.
- Iphinde ithuthukise umthamo wokukhipha bese kuthi ngokuxhumanisa nezinto ezibazungezile.
- Kwatholakala nokuthi umculo kanye nekhono lokuqala ukusebenzisana nensimbi yomculo kukhuthaza ukubonakala kwamagagasi okuthiwa ama-alpha., inamandla kakhulu okukhuthaza ukuzola, ukuthula kanye nokugxila.
- Uma ingane nayo iqala ukutadisha umculo isencane, Ukucabanga okunengqondo nezibalo kuyakhuthazwa kanye nokudalwa kwamamephu engqondo. Lawa makhono avame ukuba yinkimbinkimbi phakathi nokuphila kwengane esikoleni, kodwa uma le ndlela yokuqala yenziwa ngendlela edlalayo nejabulisayo njengomculo, ukufunda kugcinwa kangcono kakhulu.
Izifundo zomculo ze-neuroscience zibonisa ukuthi Ukuzijwayeza izinsimbi zomculo kuhilela umsebenzi wobuchopho osebenzisa izindlela eziningiIngane kumele ihlele ukunyakaza kwezandla nomzimba, ihumushe izimpawu (amanothi, ukushukuma komzimba, imiyalelo), ilalele ngokucophelela, futhi ilungise ukuhumusha kwazo ngesikhathi sangempela. Konke lokhu kuthuthukisa i-neuroplasticity, okungukuthi, ikhono lobuchopho lokudala nokuqinisa ukuxhumana kwemizwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi Ukuqeqeshwa komculo isikhathi eside kungahlotshaniswa nokuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwezindawo ezithile ze-cerebral cortexikakhulukazi ezindaweni zesikhashana ezihilelekile ekucubungulweni kokuzwa nolimi. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani izingane eziningi eziqeqeshwe ngomculo zibonisa ukusebenza okungcono ekukhumbuleni amazwi, ukuqonda ukufunda, kanye nokunaka okuqhubekayo.
Umculo nemizwa
Abazali abadlulisela umculo ezinganeni zabo besebancane kakhulu kuyinto ejwayelekileEmpilweni yansuku zonke, lapho iqembu likababa noma umculi oyintandokazi kamama edlala khona njalo, izingane zibhekana nalezi zinto zomculo ngelukuluku bese zinesithakazelo. Ngale ndlela, izingane zithuthukisa ukunambitheka kwazo komculo, isitayela sazo, kanye nezingoma ezihambisana nazo esigabeni ngasinye.
Isibonelo, imilolozelo iyinsiza yendabuko Akugcini nje ngokuthulisa ingane futhi kulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo yayoAkugcini nje ngokunikeza ingane amaphethini avela olimini lwayo lwendabuko (isigqi, iphimbo, ukuphumula) kodwa futhi kuqinisa isibopho esingokomzwelo nomuntu omdala ohlabelelayo. Lesi sikhathi esiseduze, esiphindaphindayo, nesimnene singenye yezinto zokuqala ezitholwa ngomculo.
I-Los obabamkhulu nogogoNgakolunye uhlangothi, bahlala bevame ukufundisa abazukulu babo izingoma.Kuyifa lesizukulwane okufanele bazuze kulo. Futhi asinakukhohlwa izinsiza zemfundo lapho izingane zifunda khona izilimi ezintsha ngomculo, kusukela phinda amakhorasi ngolunye ulimi Kwenza kube lula ukukhumbula amagama nezakhiwo ngaphandle kokuba ingane ikuzwe njengomzamo.
Wonke lawa amasu afanelekile okufanele siwahlanganise ngokuthile okufanele njengoba izingane zinezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene ezingakwazi ukuzidlala, ukuzama, ngisho noma zingamathoyizi. Uma umsindo nomculo wekhaya ucebile kakhuluUma ingane izoba namathuba amaningi okuzama izwi layo, umzimba wayo, kanye nezinto ezahlukene zomsindo.
Kancane kancane, futhi ngaphandle kwethu ukuqaphela, bazofunda ukuphumula, ukuxhumana kangcono nabanye ngomculo. Imizwa kanye nemizwa kuhlobene ngqo nomculoIzingoma ezithambile zingaduduza, kuyilapho imigqi eminingi ejabulisayo ivuselela futhi inike amandla. Ukusebenzisa uhlu lwadlalwayo oluhlelwe ngezikhathi ezahlukene zosuku (ukuvuka, ukudlala, ukufunda, ukuphumula) kungaba ithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu ekhaya.
Umculo awugcini nje ngokudala amaphethini amasha futhi anamandla we-neural lapho izindawo ezahlukahlukene zobuchopho zixhunywe komunye nomunye ngendlela esebenza kahle nangokuzwana. Ukuthuthukisa ubuhlakani bomculo enganeni kuwukutshala imali emizweni yabo kanye nenkumbulo yabo (Khumbula ukuthi inkumbulo nemizwa kuyahambisana njalo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, inikeza insiza yomuntu siqu ongazizwa kahle ngayo, uzizwe ukhululekile, futhi uthuthukise nobuciko, into ewusizo kakhulu ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka, ukudabuka, noma ukukhungatheka.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukulalela umculo omnandi wengane kungenza nciphisa ukusebenza kwe-amygdalaI-amygdala iyisakhiwo sobuchopho esihlotshaniswa nokwesaba nokusabela kokucindezeleka. Ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwayo kunciphisa umuzwa wosongo lwangaphakathi, futhi ingane izizwa izolile futhi iphephile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, umculo oshubile kakhulu, onemisindo eminingi engafani noma ohlotshaniswa nezigcawu ezisolisayo, ungavuselela i-amygdala futhi uvuse impendulo enamandla ngokomzwelo.
Ingane efinyelela futhi ijabulele umculo iyingane enelukuluku lokwazi kusasa. Ingane enelukuluku ethokozela ukudala nokuzama umculo ivamise ukuvumela osemusha ophatha izwe lakhe elingokomzwelo kangcono kakhulu.
Kuyindlela enamandla kakhulu yokuzivezaUmculo uyindlela eyingqayizivele yokudlulisa intukuthelo nenjabulo, ukuxhumana nabanye abantwana abangontanga yabo, futhi mhlawumbe uthole nendawo yabo yokuzazi kangcono. Yethula izingane zakho emculweni kusukela zisencane, futhi uzinike inkululeko yokukhetha izitayela zazo zomculo. Kuyinto efanelekile ukuba nayo.
Izinzuzo zomculo ekuhlakanipheni, inkumbulo, ulimi kanye nempilo
Ochwepheshe bokuthuthukiswa kwezingane baveza ukuthi Umculo usebenza ezindaweni eziningana ezibalulekile zobuchopho ngesikhathi esisodwaLokhu kuchaza umthelela wayo obanzi ekuhlakanipheni kwezingane, inkumbulo, ulimi, kanye nempilo yazo yomzimba nengokomzwelo.
Ngokuphathelene nokuhlakanipha, kwaziwa ukuthi izingane zizalwa zinezigidigidi zama-neuron. Uma la ma-neuron engashukunyiswa, amanye alawo ma-connection ayalahleka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuvuselelwa komculo kwasekuqaleni kusiza la ma-neurons ukuthi asebenze futhi ahlanganiswe kumanethiwekhi asebenzayo, okwenza kube lula ukufunda amakhono amasha kanye namathalente kamuva.
Ngokuphathelene nenkumbulo, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi Izinsana zingakhumbula imiculo elula kakhulu Kusukela ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila. Uma benza umsebenzi ngenkathi belalele ingoma ethile, lapho bezwa lowo mculo futhi bazokhumbula kalula lokho ababekwenza, okwenza umculo ube usizo oluhle kakhulu emikhubeni nasezenzweni (ukuqoqa amathoyizi, ukuxubha amazinyo, ukuhlanza igumbi).
Ngokuphathelene nolimi, izingane ezilalela umculo njalo Bajwayela ukuhlukanisa imisindo eyinkimbinkimbi (iphimbo, ubude, ukugcizelela, i-timbre). Leli khono elihle lokuzwa kamuva lenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa ama-phoneme okukhuluma, ukufunda amagama amasha, kanye nokuphimisela okuthuthukisiwe. Yingakho izinhlelo eziningi zokukhuthaza ulimi zihlanganisa izingoma, ukushaya izandla, kanye nemidlalo yesigqi.
Impilo kanye nenhlalakahle engokomzimba nakho kuyazuzisa. Ukulalela umculo kungasiza ukukhuthaza ukuphefumula okujulile nokulawulwa kakhudlwanaLokhu kusiza ukuphumula ngokomzimba, kuthuthukisa ubuthongo, futhi kungathonya kahle umfutho wegazi noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umculo usetshenziswa ezimweni zokwelapha ukuze kuncishiswe ubuhlungu, kuncishiswe ukukhathazeka, futhi kusekelwe izinqubo zezokwelapha eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Umculo, ukuthuthukiswa kwemizwa kanye nezigaba zokukhula
Umculo ungenye yezisusa zemizwa eziphelele kakhulu esingazinikeza ingane ekhulayo. Izifundo eziningana zokubuyekezwa emikhakheni yezengqondo kanye ne-neuroscience zibonisa ukuthi Ukuchayeka emculweni ebuntwaneni kunemiphumela ecacile emizweni, emakhonweni okusebenza kwengqondo, olimini, kanye namakhono okuxhumana nabantu..
Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi umculo ukhuthaza ukwakheka kwezinzwa, okungukuthi, ukukhiqizwa kwama-neurons amashaInani elikhulu lama-neuron kanye nokuxhumana kungasiza izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuqonda futhi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kusebenze njengesici sokuvikela ekuwohlokeni okuhlobene nokufa kwe-neuron, njengoba kwenzeka kwezinye izifo eziwohlokayo ze-neuro.
Uma ukukhuthazwa komculo kwezingane nentsha kuyinqubo ehlosiwe, lapho izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi nambili zingagcini nje ngokuba yizithunywa ezingenzi lutho, kodwa futhi Bahlanganyela ngenkuthalo ekulaleleni, ekuculeni, ekunyakazeni nasekuzilolongeni ngezinsimbi zomculo., izinzuzo zanda kakhulu.
Uma kuhlaziywa intuthuko yengane, ezinye izigaba ezibalulekile ezihlobene nomculo zingabonakala:
- Kusukela ekuzalweniIngane isabela emisindweni ngokushintsha isimo sayo sokuphumula bese ifuna umthombo womsindo ngamehlo noma ngomzimba wayo.
- Cishe ngonyaka wokuqalaKuvela imisindo yokububula nokukhuluma esetshenziswa ngumntwana njengomdlalo wezwi, kancane kancane efaka isigqi kanye nephimbo.
- Cishe ngineminyaka emibiliAmancane asevele elawula izinsimbi zomculo ezilula noma akhiqize imisindo nezinto zansuku zonke ukuze ihambisane nezingoma eziqanjiwe.
- Phakathi kweminyaka engu-2 no-3 ubudalaUkuxhumana kwe-psychomotor kuyathuthuka futhi impendulo yesigqi iba vumelana kakhulu nomculo abawuzwayo, okuhlanganisa ukucula nokudlala.
- Phakathi kweminyaka engu-3 no-4 ubudalaKukhulisa ukuhlukahluka kokunyakaza futhi ingane ingalingisa izinyathelo zokudansa ezilula.
- Phakathi kweminyaka engu-4 no-5 ubudalaKuthuthukisa ukukhumbula izingoma ezinde namagama, futhi izingane eziningi ziqamba izingoma zazo, zithuthukisa ukucabanga kwazo.
- Phakathi kweminyaka engu-5 no-6 ubudala, ithoni, ukulungiswa kanye nekhono lokulungisa nokukhumbula izingoma zonke kuthuthukisiwe.
Ngokuhambisana nalezi zinyathelo ezibalulekile, kubalulekile ukuthi othisha nemindeni bazi Indlela ubudlelwano bomntwana nomculo obushintsha ngayo ngokweminyaka, ukulungisa imisebenzi hhayi ukuphoqa ukufunda okungakavuthwa, kodwa ukunikeza izinselele ezanele zokukhuthaza intuthuko.
Indlela yokukhuthaza ukukhuthazwa komculo ekhaya nasesikoleni
Ezikhathini zokuqala, umculo kufanele ube i-axis ephakathi yemisebenzi eminingi yansuku zonkeIzingoma zokubingelela, zokushintsha imisebenzi, zokuhlanza, zokuvalelisa, zokuphumula ngaphambi kokulala. Lokhu kusiza ukuhlela usuku, ukubikezela imikhuba, nokuhlanganisa ingoma ngayinye nomzwelo noma umsebenzi othile.
Esikoleni sabantwana abancane kanye nasesikoleni samabanga aphansi, imfundo yomculo ithola amandla uma ihlanganiswa nezinye izindawo: ingaba sebenzisa izigqi ukuze ufunde ama-syllable, izingoma zokuqinisa isilulumagama kolunye ulimi, izigcawu zomculo zokuqeqesha inkumbulo noma imisebenzi yokushaya umzimba ukuze kusebenze ekuhlanganiseni nasekuqapheleni umzimba.
Ekhaya, ukuqinisa lokhu kukhuthaza umculo kuzohlala kuzuzisa. Abazali bangenza okulandelayo:
- Ukucula nezingane zakho ngezikhathi ezahlukene zosuku.
- Dlala umculo ohlukahlukene (eyeklasikhi, eyabantwana, yendabuko, yesimanje) bese nixoxa ndawonye ngalokho abakuzwayo lapho beyilalela.
- Nikeza amathuluzi alula noma izinto zasekhaya ezingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza imisindo.
- Khuthaza ukunyakaza okukhululekile kanye nokudansa okuzenzakalelayo ngesigqi somculo.
Njengoba ingane ikhula, umculo ungaphakanyiswa ngokuthi umsebenzi wokuzilibazisa onempilo, indawo yokufunda kanye nezindlela zokuxhumana nabantu: ukudlala insimbi yomculo eqenjini, ukucula ekwayeni, ukubamba iqhaza emihlanganweni yokusebenzela yokushaya izinsimbi zomculo, ukuba yingxenye yebhendi yesikole noma iqembu lomdanso.
Kuye kwafakazelwa nokuthi umculo ungaba ithuluzi lokwelapha eliwusizo kakhulu ezinganeni ezinezinkinga ubunzima bolimi, ukuphazamiseka kwe-autism spectrum, izinkinga zokunaka, noma amazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka. Ngokusebenzisa isigqi, umculo, kanye nokuqamba, amakhono okuxhumana, ukuxhumanisa, ukulawula ngokomzwelo, kanye nokusondelana nodokotela noma umndeni kuyathuthukiswa.
Ekugcineni, umculo uwumthombo wansuku zonke futhi otholakala kalula wokusekela ukukhula. Ukuwuhlanganisa kusukela ekukhulelweni, ukuwugcina usengumntwana, kanye nokuhlonipha ukunambitheka komculo kwengane neyentsha kunegalelo ekuthuthukisweni okulinganiselayo, okunobuciko, nokunempilo ngokomzwelo.
Ukuletha umculo eduze nokuphila kwansuku zonke kwezingane zethu, ukuzivumela ukuthi ziwuhlole ngenkuthalo, kanye nokuhlonipha indlela yazo ehlukile yokuwujabulela. Kungenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokutshala imali esingazenza ebuchosheni babo, ezinhliziyweni zabo, nasendleleni yabo yokuxhumana nomhlaba.