Sifinyelela umzuzu obalulekile ekukhulelweni. Emasontweni ambalwa kakhulu ingane izokwazi ukusebenza. Lokhu kusho Ngeke kuthathe isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba, uma izalwa, ingane yethu izokwazi ukusinda ngaphambi kwesikhathi. ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezitho ezibalulekile njengamaphaphu, ubuchopho, futhi ikakhulukazi, uhlelo lokuzwa.
Kulesi sigaba, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinzwa kuqhubeka ngokushesha, futhi ukuzwa kudlala indima ehamba phambili. Indlebe yangaphakathi, ephakathi, nengaphandle iseduze nokuqeda ukwakheka kwayoFuthi umntwana akagcini nje ngokubona imisindo, kodwa uqala ukusabela kuyo, ukuhlukanisa imigqi nokuqaphela izwi likanina.
Ukuthi umntwana ubukeka kanjani emavikini angu-24
Uyaqhubeka nokukhuluphala kancane kancane. Manje ilinganiselwa cishe ngamasentimitha angu-21 ukusuka ekhanda kuya ezinqeni futhi inesisindo esingamagremu angu-600Noma kunjalo, lezi zibalo zingase zihluke kancane kusuka kumntwana oyedwa kuya komunye ngaphandle kokubangela izinkinga.
Emaphashini, amayunithi ayisisekelo lapho kwenzeka khona ukushintshana kwegesi aqala ukukhula: i-alveoli yesikhathi esizayo. Nakuba amaphaphu engakakulungeli ukuphefumula umoyaBasesimweni esibalulekile sokuvuthwa futhi umntwana wenza ukunyakaza kokuphefumula okunesigqi ngaphakathi kwesibeletho, eqeqesha imisipha azoyidinga lapho ezalwa.
Indlebe yangaphakathi yengane isikhule ngokugcwele futhi isikwazi ukuzwa kakade. Izakhiwo zendlebe ephakathi (i-malleus, i-incus, ne-stapes) kanye nendlebe yangaphakathi (i-cochlea kanye nemisele eyisiyingi) zisebenza ndawonye ukuze uthwebule futhi udlulisele imisindo ebuchosheni. Uma ubusuvele ukhuluma nayo, kungcono nakakhulu; kodwa uma ungakayikhulumi, lesi yisikhathi esihle sokuqala ukwenza kanjalo ngamabomu.
Kungumqondo omuhle ukuba negama engqondweni. Ukuphindaphinda amagama abo lapho ukhuluma nabo, ubahlabelela, noma ubafundela izindaba kusiza ekwakheni isibopho esingokomzwelo. ukuqaphela ukuthi sinomuntu omncane okhula esibelethweni sethu, onendlela yakhe yokuphila nokuxhumana.
Cishe zonke izitho zayo zokuzwa (ukuzwa, ukuhogela, izinzwa zokunambitha, kanye nezinzwa zokuthinta) ziyasebenzaIsikwazi ukuvula nokuvala amehlo ayo, yize ukubona kwayo kusazothatha isikhathi esithile ukukhula ngokugcwele. Ukuzwa nokuthinta manje sekuyizinto zayo eziyinhloko zokuhlola umhlaba ngaphakathi esibelethweni.
Ingane iqala ukuhlanganyela, ihlole futhi ifunde. Ihamba ngamabomu, isabela emsindweni othile kanye nezinto ezithintayo. futhi idlula emijikelezweni yokulala nokuvuka ebonakala kakhulu, yize ingafani neyengane esanda kuzalwa.
Ingane igwinya uketshezi lwe-amniotic futhi ijwayelana namaphunga athile kanye nokunambitheka.Ukunambitha nokunuka kukhuthazwa njalo yi-amniotic fluid, eshintsha kancane kuye ngokudla komama.
Ingane intanta oketshezini lwe-amniotic futhi isenendawo eningi esibelethweni. Akupheli ukuhamba usuku lonkeIyaphenduka, ikhahlele, yelule izingalo nemilenze, futhi ishintshe indawo ngaphandle kwemingcele yesikhala, into ezoshintsha ku-trimester yesithathu uma ikhula kakhulu.
Indlela yokulala kwezingane ezisesibelethweni ihluke kakhulu kuleyo ezizolala ngayo ngemva kokuzalwa. Futhi akufani nokwabantu abadala. Balala ngokuzumayo, behambisana nezikhathi zomsebenzi onzima, yingakho uthola umbono wokuthi bahlala benyakaza ngezikhathi ezahlukene zosuku nobusuku.
Ukukhula kwendlebe yangaphakathi yomntwana emavikini angu-24 okukhulelwa
Indlebe ingenye yezitho zomzimba eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ingenye yezitho zokuqala ukukhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ihlukaniswe phakathi kwendlebe yangaphandle, ephakathi, kanye nendlebe yangaphakathi., futhi ngayinye yalezi zingxenye ilandela isigqi sayo sokuvuthwa, yize sihlanganiswe kahle.
Kusukela emavikini okuqala okukhulelwa, izakhiwo ezizovumela umntwana ukuzwa ziqala ukwakheka:
- Cishe isonto 4-5 Kuvela i-otic primordium, i-vesicle encane ohlangothini ngalunye lwekhanda lombungu ezoveza indlebe yangaphakathi.
- Ngesonto lama-8 Umsele wokuzwa, indlebe yangaphandle, kanye nesisekelo sendlebe ephakathi kuqala ukwakheka, okuhlanganisa nezintambo ze-ossicular zesikhathi esizayo.
- Phakathi kwamasonto 8 no-10 Kukhiwa imisele ye-cochlea kanye ne-semicircular, ebalulekile ekuzweni nasekulinganiseni.
- Cishe isonto le-16 Indlebe ephakathi nengaphakathi zihlelekile kahle futhi amangqamuzana okuqala emizwa aqala ukusebenza.
I-cochlea, enesibopho sokuguqula amaza omsindo abe yimizwa kagesi efinyelela ebuchosheni, iyona yokuqala yezakhiwo ezinkulu zokuzwa ezivuthiwe. Nokho, i-cortex yobuchopho ezwayo iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngisho nangemva kokuzalwa.Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani ikhono lokuhlukanisa imisindo emihle nolimi lithuthuka kakhulu ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila.
Cishe ngesonto lama-22, umntwana uqala ukuzwa ngokucacile imisindo evela ngaphakathi emzimbeni kamamanjengokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula, noma ukugeleza kwegazi. Ngesonto lama-23-24, umntwana usengakwazi nokuzwa imisindo evela ngaphandle, yize evalwe yizingqimba ezihlungayo: isikhumba, udonga lwesibeletho, kanye noketshezi lwe-amniotic.
Kulesi sikhathi sokukhulelwa, Uhlelo lokuzwa seluvele lusivumela ukuthi sikwazi ukuhlukanisa imisindo ephansi kangcono kunemisindo ephezulu.Ngakho-ke, amazwi abesilisa kanye nomsindo ophansi kuzwakala ngokucacile. Njengoba indlebe nobuchopho kukhula, umntwana wandisa ububanzi bemisindo angayibona futhi ayihlukanise.
Yimiphi imisindo umntwana ayizwayo esibelethweni?
Ngaphakathi esibelethweni sikamama, umntwana uzungezwe uketshezi lwe-amniotic, olusebenza njengesihlungi semvelo. Le ndlela yamanzi inciphisa ubukhali bemisindo, kodwa ayivimbeli ngokuphelele.ukuze ingane ihlale igxilile endaweni ephilile njalo.
Imisindo eyinhloko ezwakala yingane yile:
- Izwi likamamaUmsindo ocacile, ohlala njalo, nobaluleke kakhulu. Awudluliswa nje kuphela ngomoya kodwa futhi nangokudlidliza kwamathambo emzimbeni kamama, okwenza ube khona ngokukhethekile embungwini.
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo kukamama nokuphefumula kwakheZakha isizinda somsindo esinesigqi esihlinzeka ngomuzwa wokuzola nokulondeka.
- Imisindo yesistimu yokugaya ukudlaUkunyakaza kwamathumbu, ukudlula kwegesi, kanye neminye imisindo yangaphakathi kuyingxenye yesimo se-acoustic sangaphakathi kwesibeletho.
- Imisindo yangaphandleIzingxoxo, umculo, umsindo wethrafikhi noma eminye imisindo ezungezile iyancipha, kodwa iyabonakala, ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni zesibili nezesithathu.
Ucwaningo lwesayensi yezinzwa lukhombisile ukuthi izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa Bakhetha izwi likanina kunanoma yiliphi elinye izwiLokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukufunda ukuzwa kuqala esibelethweni. Kuye kwaboniswa nokuthi izingane zingayizwa imiculo ezwakala ngokuphindaphindiwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Cishe emavikini angu-14 kuya kwangu-16, ingane esanda kuzalwa ingaqala ukuzwa ukububula komzimba kamama wayo bese isabela kukho ngokusheshisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo yayo kanye nokuvama kokunyakaza komzimba wayo. Ngesikhathi se-trimester yesithathu, impendulo ezicini zomsindo wangaphandle iba sobala kakhuluIngane ingase yethuswe umsindo omkhulu kakhulu noma ithuliswe yizwi labanakekeli bayo.
Ingane esanda kuzalwa ivame ukubonisa ukuthanda umculo othambile nomnandi, futhi yenqaba imisindo enamandla kanye nemisindo ephezulu kakhulu. Imisindo ephezulu nemide ingaba yinto ecindezelayo enganeni.ikakhulukazi uma umama ehlala evezwa ezindaweni ezinomsindo kakhulu.
Ukuzwa kwengane esanda kuzalwa kanye nethonya layo ekufundeni nasekuzibophezeleni
Ubuchopho bombungu abugcini nje ngokwamukela imisindo, buqala futhi ukuyicubungula futhi bukhiqize inkumbulo. Ukuvuselelwa kokuzwa ngaphakathi kwesibeletho kudlala indima ekuvuthweni kwemizwelo nasekufundeni ulimi esikhathini esizayo..
Izifundo eziningana zibonise ukuthi:
- Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zingabona amaphethini anesigqi kanye nezingoma ngaphambi kokuzalwa, futhi basabela ngendlela ehlukile emisindweni ejwayelekile nengajwayelekile.
- Izinsana zikhombisa izimpendulo zokujwayelana (njengokushintsha kwesilinganiso senhliziyo noma ukumunca) ngenxa yezingoma noma izindaba abazizwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Ukuvezwa kusenesikhathi ngezwi kanye nolimi lukamama Kuhlobene nokulula okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwenkulumo nokuqonda kokuzwa ngemva kokuzalwa.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi umculo noma imiyalezo ekhethekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwandisa ukuhlakanipha komntwana, kodwa kubonisa ukuthi Umsindo uyindlela yangempela yokuxhumana nokufunda ngaphakathi kwesibelethoUkukhuluma naye, ukumculela, noma ukumfundela izindaba kuyizindlela ezilula nezingokwemvelo zokukhuthaza ukukhula kwakhe kokuzwa ngaphandle kwesidingo samadivayisi akhethekile.
Kunoma ikuphi, kuyalulekwa ukugwema imisindo emikhulu isikhathi eside. Ukuchayeka njalo emisindweni emikhulu kungaba yingozi kumama kanye nomntwana osesiswini.Uma usebenza endaweni enomsindo kakhulu, kungcono ukuxoxa ngalokhu nochwepheshe wakho wezempilo ukuze uhlole izindlela zokuzivikela.
Ukuhlolwa kulesi sigaba sokukhulelwa
Sekuyisikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo okuphelele., kubalulekile ukuhlola isimo sakho sempilo nokuthola izinkinga ezingaba khona njenge-anemia noma isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ngesikhathi.
Umchamo wakho uzohlolwa njalo ngekota yesithathu. Ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu, kungase kube namabhaktheriya emchameni wakho, angabangela izinkinga ezifana nokufinyela noma ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo okwenyukayo. Ukuthola la ma-bacteria angenazimpawu kwenza ukuthi aphathwe ngaphambi kokuba adale izinkinga..
Uma ungaphasanga toxoplasmosisBazocela futhi amamaki ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awuzange usuleleke ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lokhu kuqapha kubaluleke kakhulu uma uhlala namakati noma udla ukudla okuyingozi kakhulu., njengenyama engaphekiwe kahle noma imifino engagezwanga kahle.
Futhi Kuzocutshungulwa amapharamitha angakhombisa ukuthi uqala ukuba ne-anemiaLokhu akuyona into engavamile nhlobo; ngokuphambene nalokho, empeleni, kunezinga elithile le-anemia yomzimba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukwanda komthamo woketshezi olujikelezayo kubangela ukuncishiswa kwegazi, okwaziwa ngokuthi i-hemodilutional anemia.
Kusukela ku-trimester yesibili kuqhubeke, ngenxa yokwanda kwesidingo sensimbi yengane, kungase kuvele i-anemia yangempela edinga ukwelashwa. Uma kunjalo, bazokunikeza izithasiselo zensimbi.okufanele ulandele imiyalelo ukuze uthuthukise ukumuncwa kwayo futhi unciphise ukungakhululeki kokugaya ukudla okungenzeka.
Lokhu kuhlaziywa kufaka phakathi isivivinyo sokuthola isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwaUkuhlolwa kwe-O'Sullivan kuvame ukwenziwa, okuwukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa, okungukuthi, indlela yokuqala yokuthola abesifazane abasengozini enkulu yokuhlushwa yiso.
Kwenziwa esiswini esingenalutho. Okokuqala, kuthathwa isampula yegazi, bese unikezwa isiphuzo esine-50g ye-glucose; ngemva kwehora elilodwa, kuthathwa esinye isampula ukuze kulinganiswe ukuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani kulowo mthwalo kashukela.
Uma izinga lakho likashukela egazini lidlula i-140 mg/dl, kuzodingeka wenze i-Oral Glucose Tolerance Test noma "i-long glucose tolerance test".okuyisivivinyo sokuxilonga kakade.
Kulolu vivinyo uzonikezwa i-100g ye-glucose esikhundleni se-50g. Igazi lizokhishwa ngesikhathi uzila ukudla kanye nezinye izikhathi ezintathu ngemva kokuthatha isiraphu ye-glucose, ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Uma amazinga kashukela egazini engajwayelekile ezilinganisweni ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa siyatholakala..
Kwezinye izibhedlela kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okuphakathi, umthwalo we-glucose unama-75 gKulesi simo, ukudla okunama-carbohydrate amaningi kuvame ukunconywa ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, bese kuthathwa amasampula egazi amathathu: elilodwa ngesikhathi sokuzila ukudla kanye namabili ngemva kokuthatha isiraphu. Futhi kuwukuhlolwa okuqinisekile; uma noma yiliphi lala manani amathathu lingavamile, kutholakala isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.
Uma kutholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, udokotela we-endocrinologist uzokunikeza ukudla okuthile futhi akucele ukuthi ulandele iziqondiso ezithile. ukuhlolwa koshukela egazini ngaphambi nangemva kokudlaUma amanani ehlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele enconyiwe, ukudla kuphela kuzokwanela; ngaphandle kwalokho, kungadingeka ukuthi unikezwe ukwelashwa kwe-insulin.
siyini isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa?
Luhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esidlulayo esivame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa., ebonakala ngamazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini atholakala okokuqala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Kubangelwa isenzo samahomoni athile akhishwa yi-placenta avimba kancane isenzo se-insulin emzimbeni kamama.Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba kufanele ukhiqize i-insulin eningi ukuze amazinga kashukela ahlale eqinile.
Uma i-pancreas kamama ingakwazi ukukhipha yonke i-insulin ayidingayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, Amazinga kashukela egazini ayakhuphuka futhi isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa siyakhulaLesi sifo sithinta cishe abesifazane abangu-5-10% ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kuye ngezici eziyingozi zabantu ngabanye.
Akuyona nje inkinga kumama, isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kungadala ushintsho enganeni yethu. Kungaba nomthelela ekutheni umntwana abelethwe enesisindo esiphezulu kakhulu (i-macrosomia)kwenza kube nzima ukubeletha futhi kwandisa ingozi yokubeletha ngokuhlinzwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umntwana esezelwe, angaba ubunzima bokulawula amazinga abo kashukela egazini, enengozi yokwehla kwe-hypoglycemia emahoreni okuqala okuphila kwakhe, ngakho-ke uzodinga ukubhekwa okukhethekile esibhedlela.
Kukho konke lokhu, Kubalulekile ukuthola isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kanye nokulawula kahle isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.Ngokulandela izincomo zokudla, ukuvivinya umzimba okuguquliwe, kanye nokwelashwa nge-insulin uma kudingeka, abesifazane abaningi bangaba nokukhulelwa okuvamile futhi banciphise izingozi enganeni.
Uma ukukhulelwa sekuphelile, lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela luvame ukuphela. Kodwa-ke, abanye besifazane balondoloza ingozi enkulu yokuthola isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kukho konke ukuphila kwabo.Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ezinye izici ezihlobene nokukhuluphala ngokweqile noma umlando womndeni wesifo sikashukela. Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha njalo ushukela wegazi kuyanconywa ngemva kokubeletha, kanye nokugcina imikhuba enempilo isikhathi eside.
Ukukhala endlebeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Uma ukhulelwe futhi uzwa ukukhala ezindlebeni zakho, kungaba yinto exakile, ikakhulukazi uma ungakaze uyibone into efana nayo ngaphambili. Lowo msindo ongaguquki noma ophindaphindayo, ngezinye izikhathi ochazwa njengokukhala, ukushaya ikhwela, noma ukubhuza, waziwa ngokuthi i-tinnitus..
Ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengophawu oluhambisana nezinkinga ezahlukene (njengezinkinga zokuzwa noma zemithambo yegazi), kodwa eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi Abanye besifazane bahlushwa yi-tinnitus ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngaphandle kokuyithumela ngaphambilini.
I-tinnitus ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ihlobene izinguquko zamahomoni kanye nemithambo yegazi ezivamile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwakanye nokwanda komthamo wegazi, futhi kwezinye izimo, nokwenyuka okuncane komfutho wegazi.
Ukukhulelwa nokuzwa ukukhala ezindlebeni kuvame ukuchazwa njengemisindo eshayayo, okungukuthi, uhlobo lwe-tinnitus olubonakala luhambisana nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Kwabesifazane asebevele benesifo sokudlikiza ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, kungase kube nzima noma kubonakale kakhulu. ngesizathu esifanayo samahomoni kanye nokujikeleza kwegazi.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, ezimweni eziningi, Lezi zimpawu ze-tinnitus zesikhashanaNgokuvamile ziyaqina ezinyangeni zokugcina zokukhulelwa kanye namasonto okuqala ngemva kokubeletha, bese zincipha kancane kancane.
Kunezinye izimo lapho ukwanda kwe-tinnitus kubonakala khona, njengakwabesifazane abathola ukwelashwa kokushintsha ama-hormone ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. Ukugcinwa koketshezi, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme Zingenza kube kubi kakhulu umbono wokukhala.
Noma nini lapho le misindo endlebeni inamandla kakhulu, ihambisana nesiyezi, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, noma ubuhlungu, kubalulekile xhumana nochwepheshe wezempilo ukuqeda ezinye izimbangela nokuhlola isidingo sokuhlolwa kokulalelwa okuphelele.
Ukuzwa kukamama nomntwana kuzwela kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukuqaphela indawo enomsindo, ukugwema ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emisindweni emikhulu, ukuya ekuhlolweni okuhleliwe, nokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile kusiza ekuvikeleni lo mqondo obalulekile.
Lesi sigaba sokukhulelwa sibonisa isikhathi sokuguquka lapho ingane ithuthukisa khona ikhono layo lokulalela, ukufunda, nokubopha ngomsindo, kuyilapho ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, ukuqapha impilo kamama, kanye nokutholakala kwezinkinga ezinjengoshukela wokukhulelwa kuvumela ukuqhubekela phambili okunokuthula emasontweni okugcina okukhulelwa.