El i-autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ukukhubazeka okuthuthukayo okuthinta ukuxhumana komphakathi, ukuxhumana, izintshisekelo nokuziphatha komuntu ophethwe yikho. Izimpawu ze-ASD zivame ukuba khona futhi zitholakale ezinganeni ezineminyaka ephakathi konyaka owodwa kuya kwemithathu, ngesilinganiso esiphakeme sabafana abatholakala kunamantombazane. Kule ndatshana sizokhuluma ngezinganekwane mayelana ne-autistic disorder ikakhulukazi (kepha kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ku-ASD singathola i-Asperger's Syndrome ne-PDD noma i-Generalized Developmental Disorder, ngaphezu kwe-Autistic Disorder).
Yize lungekho 'ikhambi' ngoba akusona isifo, kunezindlela zokwelapha zolimi nezolimi, ukwelashwa emsebenzini, ukusekelwa kwezemfundo kanye nokungenelela nabazali, bazosiza ingane ene-ASD ukuthi ithuthukise amakhono ayo aphelele. Njengamanje kusekhona ezinye izinganekwane okufanele zisuswe ukuze abantu baqale ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi iyini i-autistic disorder.
I-Autism ithinta kuphela ukukhuluma kepha hhayi amakhono omphakathi
Iningi lezinkinga abazali abanazo ngezingane zabo ezine-autism ukuthi zingathinta izindawo eziningi kunenkulumo, futhi kuyenzeka impela. I-Autism ithinta ulimi, ukuxhumana, namakhono okuxhumana nabantu:
- Ukubambezeleka ekukhuleni kwenkulumo
- Ukungaboni kahle emehlweni nabanye abantu
- Impendulo encane noma engekho ekusebenzisaneni nabanye
- Amaphethini angajwayelekile wokuziphatha njengokunamathela okuqinile emisebenzini, ukumelana noshintsho, ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo, ukuphazamiseka, njll.
- Intshisekelo ezintweni ezinokuthungwa okuthile, ukubeka izinto ukuzibuka nje, njll.
Kepha ezinganeni ezindala nezifunda isikole, kungahle kube nezinye izimpawu ezikhathaza abazali bazo ezingaphezulu kwamakhono omphakathi:
- Kunzima ukwenza abangane
- Umqondo omubi emphakathini
- Kubonakala kudelela noma kungakhathaleli abanye, kungenakho ukuzwelana
- Babonakala bengalaleli ngoba abaziqondi izinkambiso zenhlalo
- Intshisekelo encane ezingxoxweni nabanye abantu
- Izindlela eziqinile nokumelana nokushintsha
Kuthatha iminyaka ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-autism
Izingane nemindeni engakwazi ukuthola ukuxilongwa kwe-autism e-Children's Mental Health Service bazokwazi ukuthola ukuthi ingane yabo ine-autism noma cha. Ukudluliswa kungenziwa ngudokotela noma udokotela wezingane, ngisho nangabelaphi. Uma abazali besola ukuthi kungahle kube nentuthuko engajwayelekile noma basole ukuthi kungaba namathuba aqinile we-autism, futhiLapho-ke kuzodingeka ukuya kudokotela wezingane ukuhlola ukuthunyelwa ukuze kuhlolwe ingane.
Lokhu kudluliselwa kungalinda izinyanga kuze kutholakale ingane, kepha uma abazali befuna ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi, kufanele baye emkhakheni ozimele. Kulokhu, ukuhlolwa nemibiko yokuxilonga kufanele kukhokhelwe ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kokuqala noma izingxoxo futhi kuvame ukubiza. Kukho konke lokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi abazali bahlole ukuthi bakhetha ukunakekelwa umkhakha kahulumeni (ngokulinda kodwa ngaphandle kwezindleko zezimali) noma umkhakha womphakathi (ngaphandle kokulinda kodwa kube nezindleko eziphezulu zomnotho).
I-Autism ithinta izingane kuphela
Kunabantu abacabanga ukuthi i-autism ithinta kuphela izingane ezincane, Kepha iqiniso ukuthi i-autism yisifo sokuthuthuka impilo yonke. Izingane nentsha enalesi simo zizoqhubeka nokuba nobunzima ngamakhono ezenhlalo nokuxhumana uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abangontanga yabo.
Kuyisifo sokukhula esitholwa ebuntwaneni kepha sihlala impilo yonke. Alikho 'ikhambi', akukho ukwelashwa okuyisimangaliso… Kumane kudingeke ukuthi kusetshenzwe kusukela ekutholeni ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lempilo yabantu abane-autism ezweni esiphila kulo.
Akukho okungenziwa kubantu abane-autism
Yize kungekho 'khambi' le-autism, kuningi abangakwenzela bona, ukubasiza nokwenza lula inqubekela phambili nokufunda kwabo. Akuzona izidakamizwa kuphela ezilungele ukwelashwa kwe-autism. Baphinde badinge ukwelashwa kokukhuluma nolimi, ukwelashwa emsebenzini, i-psychology yomtholampilo, ukwelashwa kwengqondo, nokwenza ngcono amakhono abo kwezenhlalo ngokufunda kabusha. Konke lokhu kungaholela entuthuko enkulu ezinganeni ezine-ASD. Lokhu kwelashwa, uma nje kuqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuzoveza imiphumela emihle.
Ngokushesha nje lapho kutholakala ukuxilongwa kwe-autism kwengane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi ukusebenzisa isikhathi esanele ekuvuseleleni kwabo ukuqinisekisa intuthuko ezobonakala ngomsebenzi oqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kokubili ngabachwepheshe nangabesifazane imindeni.
Ngeke uhlale usho ukuthi umuntu une-autism
Lapho kungenzeka ukuthi ingane ibe ne-ASD ngenxa yezimpawu ezikhombisa ukuziphatha kwayo, kuyodingeka ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokukhula. Kunezimo ezithile ezingenza kubonakale sengathi ingane ine-autism, kepha kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile, okuphelele futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ukukhipha ezinye izimbangela zezimpawu zokuziphatha kwabo. Noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kuyadingeka.
Ezinye izici okufanele zinakwe ngaphezu kwamakhono omphakathi yilezi:
- Ubunzima bokufunda obujwayelekile noma ukubambezeleka kokukhula, okudala ukuthi ingane ibe nokulibaziseka kokukhuluma ingaqondi kahle ukuxhumana komphakathi
- Ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo nokukhuluma okuthile, okwenza kube nzima enganeni ukuxhumana nokukhulumisana nabanye
- Ubunzima obungokomzwelo, njengokukhathazeka, okunamathiselwe okungavikelekile, ukungazethembi, njll. Konke lokhu kudala ukuthi ingane iziphathe ngendlela engasebenzi
Lapho nje kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okuthuthukile okujwayelekile nemiphumela ikhombisa i-autism, kuzodingeka ukuthi kwenziwe ukuxilongwa okuthile.. Ukuhlolwa okucacile kwengane kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kutholakale inani elithile lezimpawu futhi ukwazi ukukuhlola. Uma ingane ifunda enkulisa noma esikoleni, imininingwane enganikezwa ochwepheshe bezemfundo mayelana nokuthi ingane iziphatha kanjani nemisebenzi eyenzayo esikoleni nayo izobaluleka kakhulu. Ukuxilongwa kususelwa olwazini oluqoqwe kukho konke okungenhla nokuqhathaniswa nenqubo yokuhlola yokuvunyelwa yomhlaba wonke.
Izingane ezine-ASD ngokungenelela okuhle ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi nasempilweni yonke zingaba nekhwalithi enhle yempilo, futhi yize zinokungezwani nontanga yazo, nazo zingajabula kakhulu.