Uma sizwa ngokufakwa kwezikole, akubona bonke abaqondayo ukuthi leli gama lisho ukuthini, ngenxa yokuntula ulwazi noma ulwazi. Ukufakwa ohlelweni lwezemfundo kumele kukhombe futhi kuhloniphe izinhlobonhlobo ezikhona esikhungweni semfundo.
Kubalulekile, baqonde ukuthi sikhuluma ngani ukuze sisize futhi sithuthukise izingane ezinalezi zidingo zemfundo ezikhethekile, futhi zingathuthukisa amandla azo aphezulu. Namuhla kule ncwadi, sizokhuluma ngendaba yokuthi yiziphi izidingo zemfundo ezikhethekile (i-SEN) nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona.
Imfundo ebandakanyayo ihlanganisa ukuguqulwa kokuqukethwe kwekharikhulamu yesikhungo semfundo sabafundi abane-SEN. Bangabantu abacela ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwezemfundo, ngenxa yokukhubazeka noma ukuphazamiseka.
Yiziphi izidingo zemfundo ezikhethekile?
Siyazi ukuthi cishe zonke izingane zingakwazi noma zike zabhekana nobunzima obuthile uma kuziwa ekufundeni, lokhu kuyinto evamile kakhulu. Kwabaningi babo, lolu hlobo lwesithiyo lube lwesikhashana ngosizo nomsebenzi ovela kubabheki noma abazali.
Uma sikhuluma ngakho izidingo zemfundo ezikhethekile, i-LOE, esihlokweni sama-73, izichaza njengalabo bafundi abadingayo, ngesikhathi sokufunda, phakathi nayo yonke noma ngesikhathi esithile, kwezinye izisekelo kanye/noma izinkonzo ezithile zemfundo. Lokhu kunaka okukhulunywa ngakho, kungasuka ekukhubazekeni kwengqondo, kwezimoto noma kwezinzwa, noma ekuphazamisekeni kokuziphatha okubi.
Ukuze umfundi athathwe njenge-ACNEE (Abafundi abanezidingo ezikhethekile zemfundo), kunjalo Kudingeka umbiko wokuhlola we-psychopedagogical. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbono ngemfundo wesikole owenziwe ngochwepheshe bokuqondisa, okuqinisekisa ukuba khona kwezidingo zemfundo ezikhethekile kanye nohlobo lwesikole olumfanele kangcono umfundi ohloliwe.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokufunda, phakathi kwazo kukhona; ukufunda esikhungweni esijwayelekile, esikhungweni seMfundo Eyisipesheli noma inhlanganisela yalezi zimo ezimbili.
Izinhlobo zezidingo ezikhethekile zemfundo
Emiphakathini eminingi yaseSpain ezimele, Ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza eziyisipesheli zosekelo zalaba bafundi, ngochwepheshe, kuncike enanini le-ACNEE, ababhalise ezikhungweni.
Njengoba siphawule, Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-SEN ezingabangelwa ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, imoto noma izinzwa, noma ukuphazamiseka okunzima kokuziphatha.. Ngayinye yalezi zidingo ihlukile kwesinye, ngokobunzima ingane ebhekana nayo.
Ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba
Leli cala kwenzeka lapho umuntu ehlushwa isimo somzimba esimvimbela ngokungenakulungiseka futhi unomphela ukuthi aqhubeke nokusebenza ngokugcwele kwesistimu yakhe yemoto.. Kuye ngenani lezitho nezingxenye ezithintekayo, zibizwa ngokuthi ama-deficiencies.
Lokhu kungaba, i-monoplegia, lapho ukukhubazeka kwenzeka esithweni esisodwa kuphela; i i-paraplegia, kwenzeka lapho ukukhubazeka kuthinta ingxenye engezansi yomzimba; i-tetraplegia, lapho zonke izitho sezikhubazekile, kanye i-hemiplegiaukukhubazeka kwenzeka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba.
Izimo ezidala ukungasebenzi kahle komzimba
Izimo ezikhiqiza ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba ukulimala kobuchopho okungatholakala, okungukuthi, ukulimala kungazelelwe ebuchosheninoma i-cerebral palsy, kulokhu sikhuluma ngokuthinta okungapheli okuye kwakhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kobuchopho be-fetus.
Eminye imibandela ingaba ukulimala komgogodla. Lo monakalo wenzeka lapho kufakwa umfutho omkhulu noma ukunikezwa kwegazi nomoya-mpilo kunqanyuliwe.. Omunye umonakalo ungenzeka ku- I-Spina bifida, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ingaholela ekukhubazekeni ngokomzimba njengokukhubazeka kwamaphethelo aphansi.
Siphinde sikhulume nge-multiple sclerosis, ukulimala kwe-myelin sheath, okuyiyona evala intambo yomgogodla, kungabangela izimpawu ezihlukahlukene.. Okokugcina, bonisa ukulimala kwemisipha, okwenza i-muscular dystrophy ibe buthakathaka futhi ilahlekelwe isisindo semisipha.
Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
La Ukukhubazeka ngokomqondo kubonakala ngokuba khona komkhawulo ekusebenzeni kobuhlakani, ekuziphatheni okuguquguqukayo, komqondo kanye nokusebenzayo..
Ukuba yingxenye yalolu hlobo lokukhubazeka sithola okulandelayo:
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo abakuyo ngaphakathi
- ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okuncane
- ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okumaphakathi
- ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwengqondo
- Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okujulile noma ukukhubazeka okuningi
- ukubambezeleka okuphelele yentuthuko
- Ukuphazamiseka kokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo akucaciswanga ngenye indlela
- Down Down
- Isifo se-Fragile X
- I-Angelman syndrome
- I-Prader-Will syndrome
ukukhubazeka kwezinzwa
Kulolu hlobo lokukhubazeka sibhekisela kulezo ezithinta inzwa eyodwa noma eziningana. Ngokuvamile, ukukhubazeka kwezinzwa okuqashelwa kakhulu ukubona, okuthinta ikhono lokubona, nokungezwa kahle, okulimaza ikhono lokuzwa.
Ngaphakathi ukukhubazeka okubukwayo izimo ezilandelayo kungenzeka:
- amaphutha e-refractive: i-myopia, i-hyperopia kanye ne-astigmatism
- I-Anterior pole pathologies: i-glaucoma
- I-posterior pole pathologies: retinitis pigmentosa
- I-Pathologies ye-optic pathway: i-optic nerve
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuqondene ne- ukukhubazeka kokuzwa sithola ubuthulu kanye ne-deaf-blindness syndrome.
Izinkinga zokuziphatha
Ukuphazamiseka kwalolu hlobo kuthathwa njengephethini yokuziphatha ephikelelayo, ephindaphindayo futhi engafanele. I-ODD, I-Oppositional Defiant Disorder, ibonakala ngokuziphatha noma izimo zengqondo ezinjengokuphikisana nabantu abadala, ukwenzela abanye izinto ezimbi ngamabomu, ukuba nenzondo noma ukuziphindiselela.
- i-oppositional defiant disorder
- ukuziphatha ukuphazamiseka / ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha
Ukuxhumana okukhulu nokuphazamiseka kolimi
Kulokhu sikhuluma ngakho ubunzima obuqhubekayo ekuzuzeni nasekusebenziseni ulimi; okukhulunywayo, okubhaliwe, ulimi lwezandla noma okunye.
Izingxenye ezihlukene ekuthuthukisweni kolimi Yilawo aboniswe ngezansi:
- ukuthuthukiswa kolimi lomlomo
- ukubambezeleka kolimi
- UCINGO
- I-Dysphasias
- I-aphasia yezingane
- ukuhlubuka okukhethiwe
- izinguquko zolimi olubhaliwe
- I-dyslexia etholiwe kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo
- I-Dysgraphia nokubambezeleka kokubhala
Ukwenza ngendlela efanele futhi udale impendulo ephumelelayo nebandakanyayo yezemfundo, kunjalo Ukusebenzisana kochwepheshe bezemfundo nemindeni kubalulekile. Njengoba ziyizinsika eziyisisekelo zokwakheka okufanele.