Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okunye okukhathaza kakhulu noma yimuphi umbhangqwana ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle futhi ingane iphilile ngokuphelele.
Noma kunjalo asikwazi ukukulahla ngokuphelele konke okungahle kwenzeke, sinezivivinyo eziningana okufanele sizenze ezinyangeni zokuqala zokukhulelwa futhi sikhiphe kakhulu.
Lapho ufika evikini le-12 lokukhulelwa, sekuyisikhathi sokwenza i-ultrasound yokuqala enkulu, kusukela kulo mzuzu kuqhubeke, kungenziwa uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ezilandelanayo ukukhipha ushintsho lwe-chromosomal enganeni.
Ezimweni eziningi, Ukuhlolwa okuyingozi kakhulu kokwenza akwenziwa, ngaphandle kokuthi izivivinyo ezingezona ezokuhlasela ziphakamise izinsolo zezinkinga.
Sizobona izivivinyo zisuka kokuncane ziye ezinqumweni futhi futhi ziyahlasela futhi ziyingozi.
Ukuhlolwa kathathu
Kuyinto, kanye ne isonto 12 i-ultrasound, isivivinyo sokuqala esikhulu ukuthi bazosenza kithi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa maqondana nokwenzeka kokushintshwa kwe-chromosomal.
Ukudonswa kwegazi kwenziwa kumama, lapho kunqunywa khona ama-hormone amabili, enye yazo ikhiqizwa yi-placenta (PAPPA) kanti enye, i-hormone yokukhulelwa (BHCG) ekhiqizwa ngaleso sikhathi yi-ovary.
Amanani ala mahomoni ahlanganiswe nedatha ye-ultrasound; usayizi wesibaya se-nuchal nobukhona bethambo lamakhala enganeni.
Kubhekwa neminyaka kamama kulungiswe nesisindo sikamama futhi uma ebhema..
Le mininingwane ihlaziywa ngohlelo lwekhompyutha oluzosinika ubungozi bezibalo ukuthi ingane yethu ingumthwali we-Down and Edwards Syndrome.
Umphumela uhlukaniswa njengobungozi obuphansi, ubungozi obuphakathi nobungozi obukhulu. Uma kwenzeka ubungozi buphansi, abazali abanikezwa ezinye izivivinyo. Izinga lephutha lingu-5%.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Fetal DNA egazini likamama
Kuyinto a amasu yesimanje, inzuzo yayo enkulu ukuthi ayingeni, ukuze ingabeki ukukhulelwa engcupheni.
Kususelwa ebufakazini bokuba khona kwe-DNA yombungu egazini lowesifazane okhulelwe.
Kuthathwa isampula segazi kunina bese kutholwa i-DNA yombungu, bese kwenziwa ukwakhiwa kabusha nokuhlaziywa kwaleyo DNA ukuthola izinguquko kuma-chromosomes.
Ithembeke kakhulu, kepha akuwona wonke ama-chromosomes ahlaziywa, imvamisa kuphela lezo eziguqulwa kakhulu njalo.
Uma kungatholakali zinguquko, ezinye izivivinyo azinconywa. kepha uma umphumela ushintshiwe futhi kusolwa inkinga ye-chromosomal, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okulandelayo.
I-Amniocentesis
Kungaba okulandelayo test okufanele yenziwe uma kwenzeka kuvela ubungozi kunoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwangaphambilini.
Kuyinto a ukuhlolwa okungenayo y kubeka ingozi yangempela yokulahlekelwa ukukhulelwa.
Kwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto ayi-14 kuya kwayi-18 okukhulelwa. Okokuqala, kwenziwa ucwaningo lwe-ultrasound lapho kutholakala khona inani le-amniotic fluid, indawo ye-placenta kanye nesimo sengane.
Lapho le mingcele isihloliwe, indawo itholakala kude ne-placenta ne-fetus, lapho inani le-amniotic fluid ligcwele khona.
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa okuqhubekayo kwe-ultrasound, bazosihlaba esiswini size sifike kuleyo ndawo sinamanzi amaningi futhi sihogele kancane, bazokhipha cishe u-20 ml wamanzi, okuyiyona ezohlaziywa kamuva.
Ngaphambi kokuphothula isivivinyo, kubhekwa ukuthi inhliziyo yengane ishaya kahle yini.
Kuketshezi oludwetshiwe amangqamuzana ombungu ayatholakala futhi akhuliswe, ukuze kuhlaziywe izinto zofuzo, okungukuthi, kwama-chromosomes ombungu futhi enze i-karyotype ephelele, efuna ukuguqulwa kunombolo noma ukuma kwala ma-chromosomes.
Amahora angama-48 alandelayo azoncoma ukuphumula Futhi uma iqembu lakho lingenalo i-Rh, kubalulekile ukuthi uthole umuthi wokugoma we-anti-D ovimbela umzimba wakho ekwakheni izivikelo ku-Rh uma ingane iyi-Rh +.
Umphumela wokugcina utholakala cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-20, yize ngesonto lokuqala ukutholakala kwezinguquko kuqala ukubonakala.
Noma kungaqinisekisi ngo-100% ukuthi ingane yethu iphilile ngokuphelele ukunemba okuphathelene nokujwayelekile noma cha kwama-chromosomes kusondele kakhulu.
Izingozi
Kuyisivivinyo esihlasela. Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu ukudabuka kwesikhwama samanzi, ukopha, ukutheleleka kulwelwesi lwe-amniotic noma ukukhipha isisu.
I-Chorionic biopsy
Kuqukethe ukuthola isampula le-chorionic villi yokwenza i- izifundo zofuzo.
Yini ama-chorionic villi?
I-chorion imvilophu ezungeze umbungu futhi kamuva ezoveza i placenta, I-villi iyingxenye yaleyo imvilophu okuyiyona ezoveza indlela yokubambelela yale placenta eshiwo. Futhi yilezo ezimunca izinto zokudla okunomsoco ukondla umbungu.
Kungenziwa kusukela ngesonto le-10 kuye kwele-14 futhi ichaza ngokwedlula i-amniocentesis, kusukela izinto eziningi zofuzo zitholakala embungwini.
Ngale ndlela, i-karyotype ye-fetus ingenziwa futhi izifo zomndeni ezizalwa nazo, njenge-cystic fibrosis noma i-chorea kaHuntington.
Kungenziwa ngomlomo wesibeletho noma ngokubhoboza esiswini.
Kuyenziwa futhi ngokulawulwa kwe-ultrasound futhi ngaphambi kokuphela kokuhlolwa kuyaqinisekiswa ukuthi isilinganiso senhliziyo sombungu sijwayelekile.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuphumula amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokuhlolwa nokugoma okulwa ne-anti-D uma umama eyi-RH-.
Umphumela wokugcina uyatholakala ezinsukwini ezingama-20, yize inqubo ekhethekile ivame ukwenziwa ukuthola umphumela osheshayo wokuthi, esikhathini esingaphansi kwesonto, usiqondisa ebukhoneni noma cha kwezinguquko.
Izingozi ziyefana nalezi ze-amniocentesis; ukuqhekeka kwesikhwama, ukutheleleka, ukopha, noma ukulahleka kokukhulelwa.
UCordocentesis
Iqukethe i- ukudonsa igazi ngqo kusuka enkabeni yomntwana.
Kubalulekile ukwenza i-ultrasound lapho uchwepheshe engatholi kuphela i-placenta, ingane kanye nenani le-amniotic fluid, futhi kufanele athole ngqo indlela yenkambo yenkaba.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ukubhoboza kwenziwa esiswini, ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokulawulwa kwe-ultrasound, size sifike enkalweni futhi igazi likhishwe enganeni yethu.
Inani legazi elikhishwe kancane, cishe u-3-4 ml, ukwenza i-karyotype yengane nokuhlaziya ukwazi ukuthi kukhona yini i-anemia noma okunye ukushintshwa egazini lengane.
Imiphumela iyashesha kakhulu futhi cishe ezinsukwini ezintathu sizokwazi ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukuguqulwa kofuzo, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukushoda kwegazi noma isifo segazi ...
Kwenziwa kamuva, akukaze kwenzeke ngaphambi kwesonto le-18 lokukhulelwa. Kwenziwa lapho ukuskena kwe-ultrasound (ikakhulukazi ngeviki lama-20) kukhombisa ukuguqulwa noma kusolwa ukuthi umama udlulise ukutheleleka okungathinta ukukhula kwengane.