Umuntu omdala unemizimba yegazi ephakathi kuka-4 no-6 wamalitha, into ebalulekile ekusindeni ejikeleza emzimbeni ngemithambo yegazi. Umsebenzi wegazi ubalulekile emzimbeni, thwala umoya-mpilo ezithweni nasezicutshini futhi uvikele umzimba ezifweni nakwamagciwane.
Umuntu ngamunye unama-molecule ahlukene kumaseli awo egazi, futhi kulamaqembu amane egazi akhiwa kulawa. Lawa ma-molecule abizwa ngama-antigen akhulisa amaqembu ama-4 okuwuhlobo A, B, O no-AB. Kepha ngaphezu kwalokho, kunabantu abaningi abanesici esisodwa ngaphezulu egazini labo, iphrotheni eliyingxenye yamaseli abomvu egazi. Futhi kusukela lapho kuzalwa i-Rh factor, abantu abanale protein bangaba ne-Rh positive nalabo abangenayo, i-Rh negative.
Nanamuhla akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi kungani lokhu kwehluka kukhona ngokohlobo lwegazi, kepha kukhona umbono onelukuluku kakhulu elihlobanisa nokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zomuntu emlandweni wokuqala, igazi bekufanele livumelane nezimo zokuphila ezihlukile, liguquke futhi lamukele ama-antigen ahlukahlukene akha amaqembu egazi.
Kuyini ukungahambisani kwegazi?
Ukwazi ukuthi yini iqembu lakho legazi kubaluleke kakhuluUkwazi owakwakho nakho, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi awukaze ucabange ngakho. Kunengqondo ukuthi awukaze ucabange ngalo mbuzo, ngoba kunemininingwane eminingi eyiphutha ngawo. Lapho udinga ukumpontshelwa igazi, kuyadingeka ukuthi wazi ukuthi liyini iqembu lakho legazi ukuze umzimba wakho ungakwenqabeli.
Cishe ama-85% wabantu bomhlaba aneprotheni elenza i-Rh factor, okungukuthi, igazi labo line-Rh positive. Ngokuphambene, abantu abangenayo bane-Rh negative. I-Rh factor yiyo enquma ukungahambelani phakathi kwamaqembu ehlukene egazi.
Ukwamukela igazi elingahambisani nelakho kungakucasula izinkinga ezahlukahlukene nezinkinga zempilo. Kepha akusikho ukuphela kwegazi okungahambelani okungaba khona. Umntwana okhuleliswe ngabantu ababili abangahambisani ngenxa ye-Rh factor yabo naye angaba nezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo.
Ukungahambisani kwegazi kuthinta kanjani ukukhulelwa
Umntwana uthola ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakhe uchungechunge lwezakhi ezakha ifa lakhe lofuzo. Igazi lingenye yazo, ngakho ingane ingazuza njengefa iqembu legazi yanoma yimuphi umzali. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi inhlanganisela yalaba ababili izokwakhiwa futhi uzodla ifa le-Rh factor.
Isici esihle se-Rh sibalulekile uma kuqhathaniswa negative, ngakho-ke uma umama ene-Rh negative kanti ubaba ene-Rh, ingane izoba ne-Rh positive ezuzwe njengefa kuyise. Futhi kulapho-ke kungenzeka khona ukungahambelani phakathi kwegazi likamama nalelo lengane.
Amasosha omzimba omama aqaphela into yangaphandle eyi-Rh yengane, ukuthi iyenzani ifomu amasosha omzimba ukulwa naleyo protein ayiboni, ngendlela efanayo ukuthi izobhekana negciwane noma amagciwane. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, la ma-antibody angawela i-placenta ahlasele amangqamuzana abomvu egazi aqukethe amaprotheni 'angaphandle'.
Imiphumela enganeni ibuhlungu:
- IHemophilia: yisifo esizalwa nefa esithinta ukujiya kwegazi.
- Isifo se-hemolytic sengane esanda kuzalwa (i-HDN)): isifo esibi esithinta ukukhula kwengane.
- I-anemia, phakathi kwezinye izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo.
Ngabe ukungahambelani kwe-Rh kuthinta nini?
Umzimba kamama awunawo amasosha omzimba, kuze kube yiwo lihlangana negazi eneprotheni i-Rh. Ngakho-ke ngokuvamile le nkinga ayithinti ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kokuqala, kepha-ke kukhona ithuba lokuxhumana ngemicimbi ethile efana nale:
- Izisu kwenzeke ngaphambilini
- Ngokusebenzisa a ukumpontshelwa kwegazi
- Ngenqubo yokuhlolwa kokubeletha ebizwa ngokuthi i-amniocentesis
Ngesikhathi sokubeletha kulapho kunamathuba amakhulu ukuthi kuhlangane igazi likamama nengane. Ngale ndlela, umzimba kamama wakha amasosha omzimba alindele ukuhlaselwa esikhathini esizayo.
Namuhla kunezindlela zokwelapha ezahlukahlukene zokuxazulula le nkinga, kepha-ke, ukwazi iqembu legazi labazali bobabili kuyindlela elula kakhulu. Ukwazi kusengaphambili kungakwenza ukuvimbela izinkinga ezizayo zezempilo nokukhulelwa esikhathini esizayo baby.