Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo kubhekisela ku indlela umuntu abona ngayo, acabanga ngayo, futhi azuza ngayo ukuqonda ngezwe lakhe ngokusebenzisana kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nezici ezifundiwe. Izindawo zokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo zihlanganisa ukucubungula ulwazi, ubuhlakani, ukucabanga, ukuthuthukiswa kolimi, kanye nenkumbulo.
Kwake kunenkolelo yokuthi izingane azinalo ikhono lokucabanga noma ukwakha imibono eyinkimbinkimbi. Okusho ukuthi, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi bahlala ngaphandle kokuqaphela baze bafunde ngolimi. Manje sekuyaziwa lokho izingane ziyakwazi okuzizungezile futhi zinentshisekelo yokuhlola kusukela ngesikhathi zizalwa. Kusukela ekuzalweni, izingane ziqala ukufunda ngenkuthalo. Baqoqa, bahlukanise futhi bacubungule ulwazi olubazungezile, basebenzisa idatha ukuthuthukisa amakhono okuqonda nokucabanga.
Ithiyori kaJean Piaget Yokuthuthukiswa Komqondo
Ithiyori kaJean Piaget yokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo iphakamisa lokho izingane zidlula ezigabeni ezine ezahlukene zokufunda. Ithiyori yakhe ayigxili kuphela ekuqondeni ukuthi izingane ziluthola kanjani ulwazi, kodwa futhi nokuqonda uhlobo lobuhlakani. Izigaba zikaPiaget yilezi:
- Isiteji se-Sensorimotor, kusukela ekuzalweni kuya eminyakeni emi-2.
- Isigaba sangaphambi kokusebenza, kusukela eminyakeni emi-2 kuye kweyisi-7.
- Isiteji sokusebenza esisebenza ngokhonkolo, esisukela eminyakeni eyi-7 kuye kweyi-11.
- Isiteji sokusebenza esisemthethweni, esiqala kusukela eminyakeni eyi-12.
UPiaget wayekholelwa ukuthi izingane zibamba iqhaza elikhulu enqubweni yokufunda., benza njengososayensi abancane njengoba benza ucwaningo, behlola, futhi befunda ngomhlaba. Njengoba izingane zixhumana nomhlaba ozizungezile, ziqhubeka zengeza ulwazi olusha, zakhela phezu kolwazi olukhona, futhi zivumelanise imibono ebikade ibanjwe ukuze ihambisane nolwazi olusha.
Isiteji se-sensorimotor
Phakathi nalesi sigaba sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo, izinsana kanye nezingane ezincane thola ulwazi ngokusebenzisa izinzwa kanye nokukhohlisa izinto. Konke okuhlangenwe nakho kwengane enkathini yokuqala yalesi sigaba kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ukukhalipha okuyisisekelo, izinzwa, nezimpendulo zemoto.
El ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo okwenzeka phakathi nalesi sikhathi kwenzeka ngesikhathi esifushane uma kuqhathaniswa futhi kuhilela ukukhula okukhulu. Izingane azifundi nje ukwenza izenzo zomzimba njengokukhasa nokuhamba, baphinde bafunde okuningi ngolimi lwabantu abaxhumana nabo.
Isiteji sangaphambi kokusebenza
Izisekelo zokuthuthuka kolimi kungenzeka ukuthi zabekwa ngesikhathi sokuqala, kodwa ukubukeka kolimi kungenye yezinyathelo ezibalulekile zesigaba sangaphambi kokusebenza ukuthuthukiswa. Kuleli qophelo, izingane zifunda ngokudlala sengathi zidlala, kodwa zisalwa nokucabanga okunengqondo kanye nombono wabanye abantu. Futhi bavame ukuba nobunzima bokuqonda umqondo wokungaguquguquki.
Izingane ziba nekhono kakhulu ekudlaleni okuzenzisa phakathi nalesi sigaba sokukhula, kodwa qhubeka ucabanga ngokuyikho ngezwe elibazungezile. Baqala ukucabanga ngendlela engokomfanekiso futhi bafunde ukusebenzisa amagama nezithombe ukumela izinto. Bavame ukuzicabangela bona futhi balwele ukubona izinto ngombono wabanye.
Isigaba sokusebenza esiqondile
Nakuba izingane zisabambezelekile futhi zingokoqobo ekucabangeni kwazo kulesi sikhathi sokukhula, baba nekhono kakhulu ekusebenziseni ingqondo. Ubugovu besigaba sangaphambili buqala ukuncipha njengoba izingane zifunda ukucabanga ukuthi abanye abantu bangase basibheke kanjani isimo. Nakuba ukucabanga kuba okunengqondo kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza okukhonkolo, kungase futhi kuqine kakhulu. Izingane kuleli qophelo lokukhula zivame ukuba nobunzima ngemibono engabonakali kanye ne-hypothetical.
Phakathi nalesi sigaba, izingane nazo baqala ukuzicabangela bona futhi baqale ukucabanga ngendlela abanye abantu abangase bacabange futhi bazizwe ngayo. Izingane ezisesigabeni sokusebenza esiphathekayo nazo ziqala ukuqonda ukuthi imicabango yazo ihlukile kuzo nokuthi akubona bonke abanye ababelana ngemicabango, imizwa nemibono yabo.
Isiteji sokusebenza esisemthethweni
Isigaba sokugcina sethiyori kaPiaget sibandakanya ukwanda komqondo, ikhono lokusebenzisa ukucabanga okunciphisayo nokuqonda imibono engabonakali. Kuleli qophelo, intsha kanye nabantu abadala abasha bayakwazi ukubona izixazululo eziningi ezingaba khona ezinkingeni futhi bacabange ngokwesayensi kabanzi ngezwe elibazungezile. Ikhono lokucabanga ngemibono nezimo ezingabonakali kuwuphawu olubalulekile lwesigaba sokusebenza esisemthethweni sokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo. Ikhono lokuhlelela ikusasa ngendlela ehlelekile kanye nokucabanga ngokuthi-ke izimo zingaba yini amakhono abalulekile avela kulesi sigaba.