Ubusha yinkathi de impilo lapho izingane ziba ngabantu abadala. Kuphakathi kokuthomba, okuqondwa njengomzuzu lapho owokuqala ukuguqulwa komzimba, kanye nokuzuzwa kokukhula komphakathi, noma ukutholwa kwesibopho esingokomthetho.
Ngesikhathi sobusha, umzimba nokubukeka komzimba akushintshi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi sifakaza ukutholwa kwamakhono amasha ngokwemibandela ubudlelwano kanye nokukhula okuthinta ingqondo kancane kancane.
Ngakho-ke, ubusha bumelela inqubo yokuzalwa kabusha ehilela umzimba nengqondo kanye lokho iphakamisa uguquko (hhayi njalo kancane kancane) ukusuka ekungavuthweni nasekuncikeni emphakathini kobuntwana kuya ekuzilawuleni kwempilo yabantu abadala. Kodwa siqala nini lesi sigaba sokuphila? Iqala ineminyaka emingaki iminyaka yobusha? Futhi yiziphi izinguquko okufanele sizilindele?
Iqala nini iminyaka yobusha?
Ayikho iminyaka esungulwe ngaphambili nelingana kuwo wonke umuntu futhi kukhona umehluko eminyakeni yokuqala kokuthomba phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Kubafana, izimpawu zokuqala zokushintsha komzimba (amasende akhulisiwe nepipi, izinwele zomlomo namakhwapha) ziyaqala. phakathi kweminyaka emi-9 nengu-14.
Nakuba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubusha kwabesifazane (uphawu lokuqala kokuthomba ukukhuliswa kokuxhumana nengono, inkinobho yebele), kwenzeka ngokwesilinganiso cishe iminyaka eyi-10, kodwa hhayi ngaphambi kuka-8 noma okungenani phakathi kuka-13. Ngemva kwalesi sigaba sokuqala, ezinyangeni ezilandelayo, sizobona ukukhula kancane kancane kwezinwele, okuzovela kuqala kuma-pubis bese kuba endaweni yamakhwapha. Ukubukeka kwe iphunga lomjuluko o ama-granite amancane Iphinde iyingxenye yalesi sigaba sezinguquko futhi ingavela ngisho nonyaka ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa kwe inkinobho yebele kwabesifazane kanye nokwanda kwamasende kwabesilisa.
Kodwa side kangakanani lesi sikhathi? Nakuba kulula ukukhomba iminyaka yokuqala yobusha, sisenokuningi ukungaqiniseki mayelana nesikhathi sayo. Ngokombono womzimba, ubusha buphela cishe phakathi kweminyaka emi-18 nengu-20Kodwa-ke, akukho ukuvumelana ngeminyaka lapho lesi sigaba sempilo siphela ngaso, ngoba kwabanye kuyadingeka futhi ukucabangela ukuzuza ukuzimela kwezomnotho yomfana noma intombazane okufinyelelwa kuyo, nokho, kamuva kakhulu.
Yiziphi izinguquko zokuthomba?
Kubazali, kusayina lokho kukhona okuguqukayo endodaneni noma endodakazini yakho zihlobene ngokuyinhloko nokuziphatha, ngoba ngokuvamile zizithola sezisebenzelana nezingane okuthi (ngezinye izikhathi) ngesikhathi esithile zingabe zisaxhumana. bona . Kodwa-ke, umzimba nawo uyashintsha futhi ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kubangelwa, njengokunciphisa ithoni yezwi noma ukubonakala kwezinwele emakhwapheni nasendaweni ye-pubic.
Ngakho-ke ubusha bubonakala ngokuthi izinguquko eziningi zomzimba kodwa inguquko enkulu kunazo zonke yileyo eyenzeka kuyo ubuchopho . Ucwaningo olwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-resonance kazibuthe lubonise ukuthi kulesi sikhathi ubuchopho buyipulasitiki eyengeziwe futhi buba nezinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Kodwa ake sihambe isinyathelo ngesinyathelo futhi sibone kahle okwenzekayo emzimbeni wengane . Kwabesilisa nabesifazane izinguquko ziqhubeka ngendlela ehlukile, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuhlukanisa izinguquko zomzimba zokuthomba kwabesilisa nabesifazane.
Kwabanye ochwepheshe, empeleni, isikhathi lapho ukuzimela kwezomnotho kufinyelelwa khona (ukungena emhlabeni womsebenzi) kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe, okuvame ukwenzeka kamuva kunangaphambili.
Izinguquko ebuchosheni bentsha
Nokho, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, inguquko enkulu iyona eyenzeka ku- ingqondo kwentsha . Ubuchopho yisitho esishintsha impilo yonke, kodwa izinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu zenzeka ngezikhathi ezimbili eziqondile zokukhula:
- ngesikhathi izinsuku eziyinkulungwane zokuqala zokuphila, isikhathi lapho amanani amakhulu okuxhumana (inethiwekhi ye-synaptic) yakheka phakathi kwamangqamuzana obuchopho (ama-neurons) nezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zobuchopho, inqubo eyisisekelo sokufunda.
- ngesikhathi sokuthomba.
Isici esiyinhloko sobuchopho obusha yikhono layo lokushintsha ekuphenduleni imvelo futhi lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokushintsha amanethiwekhi okuxhumana ezixhuma izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zobuchopho. Ukuhlelwa kabusha kobuchopho kwesibili okukhulu kwenzeka ebusheni, kubonakala kakhulu ngokuthenwa : okungukuthi, yonke into engakaze isetshenziswe ebuntwaneni iyaqedwa. Ukuthena kuthonywa yi izici zemvelo zomndeni futhi kuholela ezixhumanisini ezifaneleka kakhulu kusetshenziswa imibandela yokuthi "yisebenzise noma ikulahlekele". Yini, esimweni lapho ingane ehlala khona, ibhekwa njengebalulekile futhi ibalulekile, kunalokho iqiniswa ngokudala ukuxhumana okusha.
Hlaziya futhi usebenzise inkumbulo
La ukuxhumana okusheshayo phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho ezikhiqizwa ngale ndlela kuvumela a ikhono elingcono lokuhlaziya futhi ugcine inkumbulo. Ukunemba kanye nekhwalithi yokwakhiwa kokuxhuma kusungula ikhwalithi yokufunda..
Noma kunjalo, lokhu ipulasitiki ekhethekile Kuyinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili, ngoba uma ngakolunye uhlangothi ivumela intsha ukuthi ithathe izinyathelo ezinkulu emcabangweni, ekukhulelweni nasekuhlalisaneni kwabantu, ngakolunye uhlangothi le ndima ibenza babe sengozini enkulu ekuziphatheni okuyingozi.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimiso zobuchopho eziba nezinguquko ezinkulu kakhulu phakathi nenkathi yokuthomba yilezo ezilawulayo ukufuna imivuzo, ubudlelwano y ukuziphatha okulawulayo. Kodwa kusho ukuthini konke lokhu? Ubuchopho bethu bakhiwe izimiso ezimbili: ingxenye elawula umzwelo wemvelo nemizwelo (i-limbic system) kanye nengxenye eyenza siqonde indlela yokulawula lezi. umzwelo/imizwa ukuphuma enkingeni (i-prefrontal cortex noma uhlelo lokulawula).
Ngesikhathi sokuthomba kwenzeka ukuthi lezi zinhlelo ezimbili ungathuthuki kanyekanye, kodwa kuqala ivuthwa futhi iqinise isimiso sezinzwa, imizwa engokwemvelo kanye nemizwa eqiniswayo kule minyaka. , kuyilapho i-prefrontal cortex ivuthwa kancane kakhulu futhi lokhu kukhula kuphela kamuva nje. ukuya eminyakeni engu-20 (ngezinye izikhathi kuze kufike eminyakeni engama-24).
ukuziphatha okuyingozi
Intsha ivame ukuba nayo ukuziphatha okungenangqondo nokuyingozi, eyodwa ukubonakaliswa komcabango ibanga elifushane futhi elixhumene nokucindezela kontanga (isibonelo, ukuma emzileni wesitimela, ukuqunga isitimela nokuzihambela wedwa ngomzuzu wokugcina, ukuphuza utshwala nezidakamizwa, ukuhlola sexo ngaphandle kokunakekela ukuzivikela ezifweni ezithathelwana ngocansi noma ukukhulelwa okungafunwa); Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba isidingo sokuhlola izimo ezintsha asilawulwa kahle yi- ukukhonkotha phambili ayikavuthwa.
Qonda inqubo yemvelo ye ukukhula kwengqondo kusisiza ukuba siqonde ukuthi ukuthatha ingozi, ukufuna imizwa, kanye nokuhoxa kwabazali kontanga akuzona izimpawu zezinkinga zokuqonda noma zemizwa, kodwa kuyingxenye yokukhula. Eqinisweni, ukuthomba kungenye yezigaba zokuphila nge amandla amakhulu okudala . Ngenxa yezinqubo zokuvuselela ubuchopho kanye nokucindezeleka kwama-hormone, ukucabanga, kulesi sikhathi sokuphila, ngaphezu kokugxila kakhulu ekuhloleni, nezingozi ezilandelanayo, kusezingeni eliphezulu lamakhono ayo okuqonda athuthukisa futhi athuthukise. ubuciko. Futhi yilokhu kuguqulwa okuholela ekubuzeni yonke into eyaziwa futhi ezuzwe yiyo ngizizwa ngikhululekile kube ngokunye.