Imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kukagwayi entsheni: izingozi zangempela nokuthi ungayivimbela kanjani

  • Ubusha buyisigaba sokuba sengozini enkulu ye-nicotine, ngenxa yokungakhuli kahle kobuchopho kanye nethonya elinamandla leqembu nomndeni.
  • Ukubhema kwentsha kubangela umonakalo osemusha ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo: ukusebenza kabi kwezemidlalo nakwezemfundo, ukuphazamiseka ngokomzwelo, kanye nengozi enkulu yezifo ezinkulu esikhathini esizayo.
  • Isibonelo esibekwa abantu abadala kanye nentuthu kagwayi ezungezile sandisa kakhulu amathuba okuba izingane zibheme.
  • Ukuhlanganiswa kwemfundo, ukwesekwa komndeni kanye nezinqubomgomo zomphakathi (izindawo ezingenayo intuthu, intela, imithethonqubo) kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi phakathi kwentsha.
MacarenaKubuyekezwe ngomhla ka-

Imizuzu ye-14

intsha kanye nogwayi

Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi phakathi kwentsha kusengenye yezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo yomphakathi.Lokhu kubalulekile kokubili ngenxa yemiphumela engokomzimba nengokwengqondo phakathi nalesi sigaba sokukhula kanye nangenxa yengozi yokuthi lo mkhuba uzogxila futhi uqhubeke phakathi nesikhathi sobudala. Ugwayi ngamunye umfana noma intombazane ewubhemayo ebudaleni awuyona nje "isilingo," kodwa uvula umnyango wokulutheka yi-nicotine, izifo ezingathi sína, kanye nokulungiswa kokuziphatha okuphinde kuthinte labo abaseduze nabo.

Iziphathimandla zomphakathi kanye nezempilo ziya ngokuya ziqaphela imiphumela eyingozi kagwayi....kokubili kwababhemayo kanye nabantu ababhemayo. Njengomthombo wolwazi okhulisa ulwazi, I-WHO ikhuthaza uSuku Lomhlaba Lokungalungi Ugwayi (Meyi 31)Futhi ngaleyo ndlela, kukhona ubizo lokuthi amazwe athathe izinyathelo ezifana nokupakisha imikhiqizo kagwayi ngendlela ecacile, ukungenelela okunganciphisa isidingo ngokunciphisa ukukhanga kwemikhiqizo nokususa iphakheji njengendlela yokukhangisa.

Kulesi sihloko sigxila ngokuningiliziwe ku- imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kukagwayi entsheni nakukho konke imindeni, izikole, indawo yomphakathi, kanye nezinqubomgomo zomphakathi ezingakwenza ukuze zibavimbele ekuqaleni ukubhema noma ukubasiza bayeke uma sebeqalile kakade.

Kungani kulula kangaka ngentsha ukuzama ugwayi?

imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kukagwayi entsheni

Ubusha buyisigaba sezinguquko ezinkulu zomzimba, ngokomzwelo, kanye nezenhlalo. Ubuchopho busakhulaikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezihlobene nokuhlela, ukulawula ukushukuma, kanye nokwenza izinqumo. Kulesi simo, kulula kakhulu ngabafana namantombazane ukuzama izidakamizwa ezisemthethweni ezifana nogwayi notshwalangisho nangezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni.

Izici ezandisa amathuba okuthi intsha izame ugwayi zifaka:

  • Ilukuluku kanye nesidingo sokuzama, okujwayelekile kakhulu kulesi sigaba sokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
  • Ukucindezela kontanga kanye nesifiso sokuzizwa wamukelekile kontanga.
  • Sesha ubuwenauzama ukubukeka umdala noma uzimele kakhulu.
  • Izinkinga ezingokomzwelo noma zokuzethemba okuholela ekusebenziseni ugwayi njengendlela yokubalekela ugwayi mbumbulu.
  • Ukufinyeleleka komkhiqizokungaba ngabangani, umndeni, noma izindawo zokuthengisa ezingalawulwa kahle.

Kukho konke lokhu, Kubalulekile ukuthi imindeni isebenzele ukuvimbela ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuthombaLokhu kuvimbela akubandakanyi izintshumayelo ezizimele, kodwa kunalokho:

  • yakha a Ukuxhumana komndeni okuvulekile nokukhululekilelapho izingane zizwa khona ukuthi ziyakuzwa.
  • Inhlonipho kanye nenani ezinganeni, okuqinisa ukuzethemba okunempilo.
  • Basize ukuthi thola futhi uphathe imizwa yakhongaphandle kokubahleka usulu noma ukunciphisa lokho abakuzwayo.
  • Ukunikeza ulwazi olucacile noluyiqiniso mayelana nezidakamizwa ezibazungezile, okuhlanganisa nogwayi, ukuphendula imibuzo yabo ngokwethembeka.

Konke lokhu akuqinisekisi ukuthi ngeke bazame ugwayi, kodwa Yebo, kunciphisa kakhulu izingozi ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa. kanye nethuba lokuthi ukuzama ngezikhathi ezithile kuzoba umkhuba wokulutha.

Indawo ezungezile nayo inokuningi okungashiwo: ukutholakala kwemisebenzi yokuzilibazisa enempiloUkusetshenziswa kwangempela komthetho wokuthengiswa nokusetshenziswa kukagwayi, kanye nezinyathelo ezifana nokupakishwa okulula, kungenza ugwayi ungatholakali kalula futhi ungakhangi kangako entsheni.

Isibonelo sabazali: okungaphezu kwesibonelo, isibuko

abazali ababhemayo kanye nentsha

Ithonya lokuziphatha kwabantu abadala entsheni likhulu kakhulu. Izingane ziyabuka, zilingisa, futhi zivame ukulingisa lokho ezikubonayo ekhaya.Uma simemeza, nabo bazomemeza; uma sihlonipha, bafunda ukuhlonipha; uma sinakekela impilo yethu, bathola umqondo wokuthi umzimba uyigugu.

Kwenzeka okufanayo nangogwayi: uma sisebenzisa kabi utshwala, sibhema noma siphuza imithi ngendlela engenabo ubuqothoBanamathuba amaningi okubona ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa njengento evamile futhi eyamukelekayo.

Ucwaningo luqinisekisa lobu budlelwano. Izifundo ezimbili ziqokomisa lo mphumela womndeni kanye nendawo ezungezile eseduze:

  • Ucwaningo oluvela kumagazini i-Primary Care, ithunyelwe ku-Science Directkuphetha ngokuthi Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi phakathi kwentsha kuhlobene nendima yomndeni kanye nokubhema ontangaNgamanye amazwi, ukuguquguquka ekhaya kanye nokuziphatha kontanga kusebenza njengezibonelo ezinamandla.
  • Olunye ucwaningo lwe- Ama-Annals of Pediatrics Kubonisa ukuthi, kubantu abaneminyaka engu-12 kuya ku-18, Ukubona abazalwane bebhema phambi kwabo kanye nokuntuleka kokungenelela komndeni Zihlotshaniswa nokwanda okukhulu kokubhema.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi Indlela abantu abadala abaphatha ngayo ukusetshenziswa kwabo kukagwayi ithinta ngqo izinqumo zentsha.Umzali obhemayo angaba yithuba lemfundo uma echaza ubunzima bakhe bokuyeka ukubhema, esho ngokucacile ukuthi kuwumkhuba oyingozi, futhi egwema ukubhema phambi kwezingane zakhe.

Intsha nogwayi: kungani kungafanele sikwenze kube ngokwejwayelekile

intombazane esencane ebhemayo

Ugwayi, kanye notshwala, Ingenye yezidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu phakathi kwentsha.. Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku- Iqembu Lomdlavuza Wamaphaphu LaseSpain (i-GECP)ESpain, amazinga aphezulu okusetshenziswa kukagwayi aqoshwe phakathi kwezingane ezincane: 33,2% wamantombazane ayabhema uma kuqhathaniswa no-29,6% wabafana, kanti isilinganiso seminyaka yokuqalisa sineminyaka engaba ngu-13 ubudala. Lezi zibalo zigcizelela isidingo sokungenelela kusenesikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ugwayi awufinyeleleki futhi awukhangi ezinganeni nasebancane.

Sisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu uma sibheka amanye amazwe angomakhelwane kanye nomthelela kwezenhlalo nezempilo okhiqizwa ugwayi ezweni lethu. Udokotela uCarlos Camps we-GECP

Sibhekene ne- inkinga enkulu yempilo okungafanele siyithathe kalulaUbuchopho bobusha busengozini enkulu yamandla okulutha e-nicotine ngoba izakhiwo ezibhekene nokuzithiba nokuhlela azikavuthwa ngokugcwele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngenani elifanayo likagwayi, Uma uqala ukubhema usemncane, amathuba okuba umlutha ayanda..

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwenza kube ngokwejwayelekile ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi endaweni yabantwana abancane:

  • Kudala umbono wokuthi Ukubhema kuyingxenye yokuphila kwansuku zonke Futhi akuyona into ekhathazayo kakhulu.
  • Amathuba ayanda ukuthi Balingisa lokho abakubona kubazali, ezihlotsheni, noma kothisha..
  • Bavezwa emiphumeleni ye- Intuthu kagwayi yemvelonoma bengakabhemi, okunemiphumela eqondile empilweni yabo.

Ukwenziwa kwezinto zibe zijwayelekile kuvela nasemilayezweni evela kwabezindaba, ezinkundleni zokuxhumana noma emikhiqizweni ehlobene nogwayi (ugwayi we-elekthronikhi onezinongo, isibonelo) ewuveza njengento yesimanje noma engenangozi.

Imiphumela yokubhema kubantu abasha: umzimba nengqondo

imiphumela kagwayi entsheni

Ukubhema ngesikhathi sobusha kunemiphumela esheshayo nebonakalayo kakhulu kunalokho intsha ngokwayo ekucabangayo. Esikhathini esifushane, I-Nicotine isebenza njengesikhuthazi esinamandla nesithomalalisayo ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathiIfinyelela ebuchosheni ngemizuzwana embalwa futhi ingaqhubeka nokusebenzisa imiphumela yayo cishe imizuzu engama-30. Lokhu kubangela:

  • Ukwanda kwesikhashana esimweni sokuqapha kanye nomuzwa wokugxila ozimele.
  • Ukuphakama komfutho wegazi, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye nezinga lokuphefumula, okucindezela uhlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
  • Umuzwa wakamuva we ukukhathala, ukucasuka, noma isimo sengqondo esiphansiokwenza umuntu avule omunye ugwayi ukuze aphinde athole umphumela.

Ngokusebenzisa okuphindaphindiwe, umzimba uyathuthuka ukubekezelelana kwe-nicotine futhi avele i-síntomas de abstinencia (ukwesaba, ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, isimo sengqondo esibi, ukukhathazeka). Ezingeni lobuchopho, ugwayi ungabangela izinguquko esiqhingini, indawo ehilelekile ekulawuleni imizwa kanye nokwenza izinqumo, okwandisa ingozi yokuthi:

  • Ubunzima bokunaka, inkumbulo, nokufunda, okunomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwezemfundo.
  • Ukungazethembi okukhulu kanye nokulawula okungalungile kokushukuma.
  • Ikhono elibi lokuhlola izingozi nemiphumela, ukukhuthaza ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha eziyingozi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ugwayi ulimaza cishe zonke izitho zomzimba. Nakuba izifo ezinkulu zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nobudala, Imiphumela emibi iqala eminyakeni yokuqala yokusebenzisa:

  • Ukukhwehlela okungapheli, ukuphelelwa umoya, kanye nokuphefumula kanzima.
  • Ukusebenza okubi kakhulu kwezemidlalo ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla enhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kanye nokuntuleka komoya-mpilo.
  • Ingozi eyengeziwe yokutheleleka kokuphefumula kanye nokwanda kwesifo sofuba.
  • Izinkinga zomlomo: i-halitosis, amazinyo aphuzi kanye nengozi eyengeziwe ye-periodontal.
  • Izinguquko zesikhumba: imibimbi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isikhumba esibuthakathaka kanye nezibazi ezimbi kakhulu.
  • Izingozi empilweni yezocansi neyokuzala yesikhathi esizayookuhlanganisa ukwanda kwengozi yesifo senhliziyo kwabesifazane ababhemayo futhi abasebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ezingama-hormone, kanye nezinkinga zocansi kwabesilisa.

Akumele sikukhohlwe lokho Ugwayi ngamunye uqukethe ingxube yezinto ezinobuthiNgaphezu kwe-nicotine, iqukethe i-arsenic, i-methanol, i-ammonia, i-butane, i-hydrogen cyanide, i-formaldehyde, i-carbon monoxide, nezinye izinto. Kumuntu osemusha othuthukisa ubuhlobo obuhle nomzimba wakhe, ukuqonda leli qiniso ngokucacile nangokuqondile kungaba ithuluzi elinamandla lokuvimbela.

Imiphumela yengqondo kanye nokuziphatha kogwayi entsheni

Ngaphandle kwemiphumela engokomzimba, ugwayi unomthelela omkhulu engqondweni nasekuziphatheni. Omunye wemiphumela ebonakala kakhulu ukushintsha kwesimo sengqondoIntsha eba umlutha we-nicotine ingase ibonise ukucasuka okukhulu, ukushintshashintsha kwemizwelo ngokuzumayo, kanye nezingxabano zomndeni ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa.

I-Nicotine isebenza kumasekethe omvuzo wobuchopho futhi ihlobene nama-neurotransmitter njenge-dopamine ne-serotonin. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani Intsha eningi iyabhema ukuze ilawule imizwa yokungakhululeki, ukudabuka, noma ukukhathazeka.Kodwa-ke, kwenzeka umjikelezo omubi:

  • Uma bebhema, bazizwa sengathi intuthuko yesikhashana kwesimo sengqondo.
  • Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuchopho buyajwayela futhi idinga i-nicotine eyengeziwe ukuthola umphumela ofanayo.
  • Kuvela ugwayi i-síntomas de abstinencia ezibonakala njengokukhathazeka, ukwesaba, kanye nesimo sengqondo esibi.
  • Ukuze kudambise lokho kungakhululeki, intsha Khanyisa omunye ugwayi, okuqinisa indlela yokulutha.

Ebusheni, Ukulawula ngokomzwelo akukakathuthuki ngokugcweleNgakho-ke, ugwayi ungadala ukukhathazeka okukhulu, ubangele ukushintshashintsha kwemizwelo, futhi wandise ukuthambekela ekuphazamisekeni kwemizwelo. Ukulutheka nakho kudala izinkinga zokuziphatha (ukuqamba amanga, ukweba imali yokuthenga ugwayi, izingxabano zesikole) eziqeda ukwethembana komndeni futhi zithinte ukusebenza kahle kwezemfundo.

Izinganekwane ezivamile ngogwayi nezinye izinto: ziphikisana nazo

Izwe lezidakamizwa, ezisemthethweni nezingekho emthethweni, lizungezwe yizinganekwane ezinciphisa izingozi zazo. Ukuhlonza nokuveza lezi zinganekwane kuyisici esibalulekile sokuvimbela, ngisho nangombono we ukunciphisa umonakalokulabo abasebasha asebeqalile ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa.

Ezinye zezinganekwane ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

  • "Ukubhema kancane akulimazi."Akukho ugwayi ophephile; ugwayi ngamunye wandisa ingozi."
  • "Ugwayi uyangiphumuza."Ukuzola okubonakalayo kuvame ukubangelwa ukuqeda izimpawu zokuhoxa ezibangelwa ugwayi uqobo."
  • "Ukubhema insangu kuhlanza amaphaphu kagwayi": kokubili kulimaza uhlelo lokuphefumula futhi kuyathuthukisana."
  • "Uma umuntu ephuza utshwala noma ezinye izidakamizwa, uba nobudlelwano nabantu."Ezinye izinto zinciphisa ukuzithiba, kodwa zibeka impilo, ukwahlulela, kanye nokuphepha komuntu siqu engozini."

Kubazali kanye nentsha, kubalulekile ukuba ulwazi oluqinile nolusesikhathini futhi baqonde ukuthi, ngisho nasezimweni zokucindezela kontanga, Ikhono lokuthi cha lihlala ligcinwaNgaphezu kwalokho, kungaba wusizo ukukhombisa izinto zemfundo kanye nobufakazi: isibonelo, kunevidiyo yezemfundo ekhuluma ngezinganekwane nobufakazi mayelana nezidakamizwa nogwayi, njengaleyo eshicilelwe yi-Spanish Association Against Cancer (ngevidiyo).

Enye yezincomo ezivela ocwaningweni okukhulunywe ngalo yile: nikeza iseluleko sokulwa nokubhema kusukela ebuntwaneniNgoba ukuthembela kusephansi futhi isisusa sokushintsha singaba sikhulu. Ukusekelwa kwabantu abadala kubalulekile: intsha yakha iphrojekthi yayo yokuphila, kodwa kuyabaqinisa ukwazi ukuthi bangathembela kithi nokuthi umbono wethu usabalulekile kubo.

Ukubhema okubhenywayo kanye nentsha: ingozi engabonakali

Kuvame ukucatshangwa ukuthi uma intsha ingabhemi, iphephile kugwayi. Kodwa-ke, Intuthu yemvelo (ukubhema ugwayi okwenziwa ngaphandle kokubhema) iyingozi enkulu empilweni yakhoIzigidi zezingane emhlabeni wonke zichayeka ekubhemeni emakhaya, ezimotweni, emagcekeni, emapaki, noma ekungeneni emabhizinisini.

Ukuchayeka entuthwini kagwayi esetshenziswa yizingane kanye nentsha kuye kwahlotshaniswa nalokhu:

  • Ukwanda kwe-otitis cishe ngo-50%.
  • Ukwanda kokuhlaselwa yi-asthma cishe u-20%.
  • Izinga eliphezulu lokutheleleka kokuphefumula cishe ama-30%.
  • Ingozi eyengeziwe yokufa kwezinsana ngokuzumayo lapho ukuchayeka kuqala ezigabeni zokuqala kakhulu.
  • Amathuba aphezulu esikhathi esizayo omdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye nezifo ezingamahlalakhona zenhliziyo kanye nezokuphefumula.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthu ezungezile Kwenza ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kube yinto evamile emehlweni ezingane ezincane.okwandisa amathuba okuthi bona ngokwabo bazobhema ebudaleni.

Ugwayi, ugwayi kagesi, nezinye izinhlobo zokusetshenziswa phakathi kwentsha

Ugwayi awusatholakali kuphela ngesimo sikagwayi wendabuko. Ugwayi kagesi, ama-vape, amapayipi amanzi (ama-hookah) kanye nogwayi ongenantuthu Zivele ngamandla futhi zivame ukukhangiswa njengezindlela "eziphephile". Lo mbono uyingozi kakhulu phakathi kwentsha.

Endabeni ugwayi electronic kanye namadivayisi okufutha:

  • Zisebenza ngebhethri futhi ziyasetshenziswa uketshezi oluqukethe i-nicotine, ukunambitheka, namanye amakhemikhali eziphefumulwa ngesimo somhwamuko.
  • Nakuba zingenawo ugwayi ngendlela yakudala, Izithako zayo eziningi zinobuthi futhi ziyacasula..
  • Alotshiwe amacala okulimala okukhulu kwamaphaphu ngisho nokufa okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwayo.
  • Umklamo wayo okhangayo kanye nokunambitheka kwayo okumnandi kungase isebenza njengesango lokuthola i-nicotine futhi kuvuleke indlela yokusetshenziswa kogwayi bendabuko.

I-Las ama-hookah noma amapayipi amanzi Aziyona ingozi futhi. Amanzi Ayihlungi izinto ezinobuthiNgaphezu kwalokho, izikhathi zivame ukulibaziseka, okungasho ukuthi ukuphefumula intuthu enkulu kuneyegwayi ezininganafuthi ukwabelana ngepayipi kuthwala ingozi yokudluliselwa kwamagciwane.

Isiphetho sicacile: Zonke izinhlobo zokubhema kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-nicotine ziyingozi empilweniikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sobusha.

Izenzo zokunciphisa umlutha kagwayi entsheni

Ukulwa nokubhema kwentsha kudinga amasu ahlanganisiwe emazingeni ahlukahlukene: umndeni, isikole, uhlelo lwezempilo kanye nezinqubomgomo zomphakathi.

Emndenini, izenzo eziphumelela kakhulu zifaka:

  • Gwema ukubhema phambi kwezingane kanye Akuvunyelwe ukubhema ekhaya noma emotweni.
  • Khuluma ngokukhululekile ngezingozi, ngaphandle kwedrama kodwa ukucaca nokuqina.
  • Sungula imikhawulo ehambisanayo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kukagwayi nezinye izinto.
  • Ukucinga ukwesekwa kochwepheshe (izingane, isayensi yezengqondo, izinhlelo zokuvuselela) lapho kutholwa izimpawu zokusetshenziswa noma ingozi.

Esimweni sesikole kanye nomphakathi, okulandelayo kuyasiza:

  • Izinhlelo zemfundo yezempilo ezihlanganisa ulwazi, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okuxhumana nabantu kanye nokuphathwa kwemizwa.
  • Izinhlelo zokuzilibazisa ezihlukile ezinikeza izindawo ezingenantuthu kanye namamodeli okuzijabulisa angenalo ugwayi noma utshwala.
  • Amaphrojekthi ahilela intsha ngokwayo imikhankaso yokuqwashisa ontanga.

Ngokuphathelene nezinqubomgomo zomphakathi, ubufakazi besayensi buyasekela:

  • Imithetho ekhawulela ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi ezindaweni zomphakathiikakhulukazi kulabo lapho kukhona izingane ezincane.
  • Ukwenyuka kwentela emikhiqizweni kagwayiokuye kwahlotshaniswa nokwehla kokusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwentsha engenazo izindlela zomnotho eziqinile.
  • Izinyathelo ze ukulawulwa kokukhangiswa kanye nokwethulwa kukagwayikufaka phakathi ukupakishwa okungathathi hlangothi: ukungenelela okunciphisa ukukhanga komkhiqizo futhi kuqede ukupakisha njengethuluzi lokukhangisa.

Esinye isici esibalulekile yi- ukunwetshwa kwezindawo ezingenantuthu (amabhishi, amapaki, izindawo zemidlalo zangaphandle, ama-terrace, amachibi okubhukuda…). Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukuchayeka entuthwini yemvelo, kodwa futhi kuthumela umyalezo ocacile: Ukubhema akuyona into evamile futhi akuyona into efiselekayo ezindaweni lapho abantu behlala khona ndawonye..

Ubusha, naphezu kwezingozi zabo, nakho kuyisimo esibi kakhulu. ithuba elimangalisayo lokwakha izindlela zokuphila ezinempiloUma ukungenelela kusheshe, kulapho kuba ngcono khona ukubikezela. Abazali, othisha, ochwepheshe bezempilo, kanye nabenzi bomgomo babelana ngomthwalo wemfanelo ofanayo: ukusiza izizukulwane ezintsha zikhule zingabhemi futhi zinamathuluzi adingekayo okunakekela impilo yazo engokomzimba nengokomzwelo.


Engeza njengomthombo okhethwayo