Umbuzo Kungenzeka yini ukukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini? Lokhu kudala ukungabaza okuningi, ukwesaba, kanye nezinkolelo ezingamanga. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukuzala kwabesifazane akunyamalali ngokuzumayo, kodwa kudlula enkambisweni yokuguquka lapho ukuzala kuqhubeka khona. izinguquko ze-hormonal, ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda ngezikhathi ezithile ngakho-ke ingozi ethile yokukhulelwaikakhulukazi ngesikhathi esaziwa ngokuthi i-premenopause noma i-perimenopause. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ithuthuka wasiza ukuzala Zenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhulelwa ngisho nalapho ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini sekuqinisekisiwe kakade, nakuba kungengenxa yamaqanda akho.
Yize kunzima ukuthi owesifazane adlule esikhathini sokuya esikhathini kunzima ukusho, Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kweminyaka engama-45 nengama-53, kaningi kakhulu cishe ngama-51Kodwa uma kuhileleke izinombolo, kukhona futhi ithuba lokuthi owesifazane angase "awe ngaphandle kwesilinganiso" futhi ayeke ukuya esikhathini unomphela ngaphambi noma ngemva kwaleso sikhathi. Njengoba wazi, ukuya esikhathini kuhilela ukuyeka ukuya esikhathini futhi kuvula indawo eya esiphelweni, isigaba sokuguquka esiya ekugugeni kokuzala.
Ngesinye isikhathi besivele sikhulume ngezimpawuFuthi ngokuqinisekile sizosithola isikhathi sokukwenza futhi, kodwa namuhla sifuna ukugxila kakhulu ku- ingozi yokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini Futhi kwenzekani ekuzaleni uma ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini sekuqalile? Nakuba, njengoba sikhuluma ngale ndaba, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi naphezu kokuhlanganiswa kwezinguquko zemvelo zama-hormone kanye ne-metabolicUkunqamuka kokuya esikhathini kuza nokungakhululeki okufana nokungalali, ukushisa okukhulu, ukucasuka okungenzeka, izinguquko zesisindo kanye nokusabalala kwamafutha emzimbeni, ukwanda kokujikeleza kwesinqe, futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukulahleka okuqhubekayo kwesisindo samathambo.
Ngakho-ke, kusho izinguquko eziningi kwabesifazane, okuzodingeka bazi ukuthi bangazivumelanisa kanjani ne- isimo esisha sempiloKuseneziningi izinto ezingavunyelwe, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, Kunzima ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile ngale ndaba.Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yokuthi ubusha buhlonishwa kakhulu (ngokungafani nokuvuthwa), futhi singase sizizwe singabalulekile uma sishiya isikhathi sethu sokuzala. Empeleni, kusobala ukuthi owesifazane angakwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza, ukwaneliseka, kanye nempilo enhle Kusukela kulesi sigaba kuqhubeke, kubalulekile ukuzinakekela njengoba kunjalo nokwazisa isigaba ngasinye sokuphila futhi usijabulele.
Ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini akwenzeki ngobusuku obubodwa.
Ngaphambi kokulahlekelwa yisikhathi unomphela, singabuyela emuva, kwezinye izimo, ku- eminyakeni emihlanu ngaphambiliI-Premenopause noma i-perimenopause ibonakala ngokubonakala okuqhubekayo kwezimpawu ezithile kanye izinguquko emijikelezweni yokuya esikhathiniPhakathi nalesi sikhathi ama-ovari aqala ukusebenza ngendlela engajwayelekile, kodwa Abayeki ngokuphelele ukukwenza.
Ngaphambi kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini kubonakala ngokuvela kwezimpawu ezithile ezinjengokuthi ukoma kwesitho sangasese sowesifazaneUkushintshashintsha kwemizwa, iziqephu zokucindezeleka, ukuqala kokulahlekelwa amathambo, ukukhuluphala, izinguquko esikhumbeni nasekhwalithini yezinwele, kanye izinguquko ezibalulekile kodwa ezingaguquki emijikelezweni yokuya esikhathini (ukopha okuncane, ukopha okwengeziwe, imijikelezo emide noma emifushane, izikhathi ezifika kusenesikhathi noma sekwephuzile, ukopha okuncane phakathi kokuya esikhathini...). Kuyisigaba sokungazinzi okukhulu kwamahomoni lapho ama-ovari angaqhubeka nokukhipha amaqanda ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ngemuva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini kulandela ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, okubonakala ngokuqala kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini ukuya esikhathini kokugcinaNgokombono wezokwelapha, kuyaqinisekiswa uma sebedlulile emhlabeni. Izinyanga eziyi-12 zilandelana ngaphandle kwesikhathi futhi ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi esinye isizathu esizwakalayo (njengemithi ethile, izinkinga zama-hormone, noma ukuhlinzwa). Kuze kudlule leyo nkathi ephelele, owesifazane ubhekwa njengosekushintsheni kokuya esikhathini, noma ngabe usehlale izinyanga eziningana engasayi esikhathini. Kwezinye izimo, ukungabikho kokuphuma kwegazi kungase kuhlale isikhathi eside noma kuhlale izinyanga ezi-4 noma ezi-6, futhi noma kunjalo, uma ukopha kwenzeka kamuva, ukuya esikhathini kuzoqinisekiswa lapho unyaka wonke udlulile ngaphandle kokuya esikhathini.
Ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini kusho ukuthi impilo yowesifazane ngeke isaqhubeka nokujikeleza, futhi lokho kungaletha ukuzinza okuthile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungabikho kwe-ovulation kanye nokuya esikhathini Kunikeza ukuthula kwengqondo ngesikhathi sobudlelwano bocansi, njengoba kususa ingozi yokukhulelwa ngokwemvelo. Naphezu kokungabikho kokugcotshwa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, ucansi lusenganelisa (masikhohlwe ukuthi kulezi zinsuku kunezixazululo zendawo zokomisa, njengezithambisi zesitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nezithambisi, uma sifuna ukukubheka ngaleyo ndlela). Phakathi kwezinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo ukwenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wethu wezifo zabesifazane ukuze akwazi ukuhlola isimo, asuse ezinye izinkinga zempilo, futhi asinike ulwazi esiludingayo mayelana namathambo, inhliziyo, isisindo, impilo yocansi, kanye nenhlalakahle engokomzwelo.
Isigaba sokugcina sale nkathi sibizwa ngokuthi i-postmenopause, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwama-estrogens futhi silahlekelwa yilokho kuvikelwa kwemvelo ezinkingeni zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Lesi sigaba sihlala impilo yethu yonke, futhi eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala ngemva kokuya esikhathini kokugcina, ukushisa, ukujuluka ebusuku, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo Zingaba njalo noma zibe zimbi kakhulu. Uma izimpawu zithinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila, Kubalulekile ukubonisana nodokotela. ukuhlola ukwelashwa, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila, kanye namasu okuzinakekela asiza ukubhekana nazo.
Akunakwenzeka yini ukukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini?
Uma sibheka ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini njenge- inqubo ehlanganisa izigaba eziningana Esikhathini eside, impendulo incike kakhulu ekutheni owesifazane ukuphi ohambweni lwakhe.
Ngesikhathi i-perimenopause noma i-premenopauseUkuya esikhathini akuvamile, kodwa uma nje izinyanga ezingu-12 zilandelana zingakadluli ngaphandle kokuya esikhathini, ama-ovari angakwazi ukukhulula amaqanda ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngakho-ke, Akunakwenzeka ukukhulelwaNakuba ama-ovari egcina umsebenzi omncane kakhulu kanti amaqanda asele asezingeni eliphansi, asasebenza. Ngakho-ke, uma ungenaso isifiso sokukhulelwa kulesi sigaba, Kuzodingeka uqhubeke nokusebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo. noma ngabe unemijikelezo engavamile noma emifushane.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, amathuba okukhulelwa kwemvelo ayanda. iphansi kakhulu kodwa hhayi i-zeroAmanani angaphansi kuka-2% ngomjikelezo ngamunye, kanti ingozi yokuphuphuma kwesisu iphakeme kakhulu kunasebancane. Amaqanda asele ahlukanisiwe kakhulu futhi angase aqongelelane. ukungajwayelekile kwe-chromosomalLokhu kuchaza kokubili izinga eliphansi lokukhulelwa kanye nokwanda kokulahlekelwa ukukhulelwa kusenesikhathi. Idatha yabantu ikhombisa nokuthi kuphela iphesenti elincane kakhulu ukuzalwa kufana nabesifazane abaseminyakeni eseduze nokuphela kokuphila kwabo okunothile; isibonelo, amanye amanani aqophayo ochungechungeni ngokulandelana 0,01% wokuzalwa kwabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-47 ubudala.
Lapho owesifazane esevele Usehlale unyaka wonke engasayi esikhathini.Sikhuluma ngokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini okuqinisekisiwe. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukusebenza kwesibeletho kubhekwa njengokuphelile: akukho ukukhishwa kweqanda, ngakho-ke, ukukhulelwa kwemvelo akunakwenzekaKodwa-ke, isibeletho sihlala siyisitho esikwazi ukusekela ukukhulelwa uma silungiselelwe ngama-hormone afanele. Lokhu kuvula umnyango... ukwelapha okusizwa ukuzala kwabesifazane abaseminyakeni yokuthomba abafisa ukuba omama.
Sonke siyazazi izibonelo zabesifazane abakhulelwe ngokwemvelo sebekhulile, futhi iningi lalezi zimo liphumela ezinganeni ezinempilo ezikhula ngenjabulo; noma kunjalo, ukuba ngumama osekhulile kudala izinselele zomzimba nezokuhamba (isibonelo, ukunakekela ingane encane kungaba nzima kakhulu njengoba ikhula). Umntwana ngokuvamile uyintokozo enkulu emndenini.Kodwa kumele sixoxe nangezingozi ezingaba khona kanye nesidingo sokuqapha ngokucophelela kwezokwelapha.
Amaqanda owesifazane esigabeni sokugcina sempilo yakhe yokuzala asebekhulile futhi adlulisela izinto zofuzo zekhwalithi ephansiLokhu kuhlotshaniswa nengozi ephezulu ye-preeclampsia, isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, i-placenta previa, ukubeletha ngokuhlinzwa, isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi, i-Down syndrome, kanye nezinye izinkinga ze-chromosome. Uma ucabanga ukuthi usuvele usesikhathini sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini futhi usukhulelwe, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze iwukuba qhubeka uzolile bese, vakashela udokotela wakho wezifo zabesifazane ukuqinisekisa isimo, ukuhlola impilo yakho, nokulungisa ukuqapha ukukhulelwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ebudaleni obukhulu kakhulu empilweni yokuzala kunzima kakhulu ukukhulelwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukwelashwa "kwe-in vitro" noma ukunikela ngamaqanda, ngoba indawo yokugcina ama-ovari inciphile kakhulu futhi cishe awekho ama-oocyte asele akwazi ukukhiqiza umbungu onempilo.
Ukukhulelwa kanye nokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini: indima yokusiza ekuzaleni
Uma ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini sekuqalile (i-postmenopause), owesifazane uyayeka akusekho ama-ovulation futhi abakwazi ukukhulelwa ngokwemvelo besebenzisa amaqanda abo. Noma kunjalo, imithi yokuzala inikeza ezinye izindlela ezahlukene kwabesifazane abafisa ukwenza kanjalo. ukuba omama ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini noma labo ababenayo ukwehluleka kwesibeletho ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphambi kweminyaka evamile.
Amasu ayinhloko afaka:
- Ukuhlanza amaqanda akhoUma owesifazane egcine amaqanda akhe esemncane, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa lawo maqanda aqandisiwe ukuze avundiswe kamuva ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-in vitro. Isibeletho silungiswa ngohlelo lwama-hormone ukuze sakhe i-endometrium eyamukelayo, bese umbungu ophumayo udluliselwa.
- Ukunikela ngeqandaLe ndlela isebenzisa ama-oocyte avela kumuntu onikelayo osemusha, avundiswa ngesidoda somlingani noma somnikeli. Ama-embryo abe esedluliselwa esibelethweni sowesifazane osedlule esikhathini sokuya esikhathini, oke wathola ukwelashwa kwama-hormone ukuze alungise i-endometrium yakhe.
- Umnikelo we-embryoAma-embryo asetshenziswayo anikelwa eminye imibhangqwana esivele isiqedile isifiso sayo sokuzala. Nalapha futhi, isibeletho silungiswa ngama-hormone ukuze samukele i-embryo.
Amazinga empumelelo yokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini kusetshenziswa lezi zindlela zokusiza ekuzaleni ayatholakala. okufana nokwabesifazane abaseminyakeni yokuzala Badlula ezinqubweni ezifanayo, njengoba isici esinqumayo ikhwalithi ye-oocyte kanye nombungu, hhayi kakhulu ubudala besibeletho. Kodwa-ke, impilo iyonke yowesifazane kanye nokuba khona kwezifo ezihlobene nokuguga kubalulekile lapho kuhlolwa ukufaneleka kokwelashwa kanye nezingozi zokukhulelwa.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, nakuba amanye amazwe engenawo umkhawulo weminyaka osemthethweni oqinile wokwenza lezi zinqubo, izikhungo eziningi zisungula umngcele wokuziphatha wangaphakathi ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kukamama nomntwana ongakazalwa. Ngaphambi kokuqala noma iyiphi inqubo, kwenziwa izifundo ezinemininingwane i-endometrium, kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi, ukugaya ukudla kanye nezinye izinto ezingathinta ukukhulelwa.
Indlela yokuhlukanisa phakathi kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, i-perimenopause, kanye nokukhulelwa
Ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, ukuqeda ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini kanye nokukhulelwa kunezici ezibalulekile: ukungabi khona kokuya esikhathiniLokhu kuhlangana kwenza abesifazane abaningi bazibuze ukuthi bakhulelwe noma bangena esikhathini sokuya esikhathini lapho beyeka ukuya esikhathini noma bebona ukuthi kuba yinto engajwayelekile.
Kodwa-ke, ngale kwalokho kunqamuka kwesisu, inqubo ngayinye ihilela izimpawu ezahlukeneNgesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, ukushisa okukhulu, ukoma kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwemizwa kuvamile. Ekukhulelweni, isicanucanu, ukwanda kobuhlungu bebele, kanye nokuchama njalo kuyinto evamile. Ukuqaphela lezi zici ezihlukile kusiza ekuziqondiseni, yize uma ungabaza, ithuluzi elilula lihlala liwukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa. ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa futhi uthintane nodokotela.
Phakathi kwezimpawu ezivamile ze- ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini kanye nokunganqamuki kokuya esikhathini yizo:
- Ukungabikho noma ukungajwayelekile kokuya esikhathini.
- Ukushisa nokujuluka ebusuku.
- Ukoma kwesikhumba kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, kufaka phakathi isitho sangasese sowesifazane.
- Ubuhlungu obuhlangene namajaqamba.
- Izinkinga zokulala noma ukuqwasha okuqhubekayo.
- Izinguquko zemizwangokucasuka noma ngokudabuka.
- Isisindo senzuzo kanye nezinguquko esithombeni.
- Ubuthakathaka ezinweleni nasezinzipho.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze- ukukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni faka:
- Ukungabikho kokuya esikhathini kowesifazane owayenemithetho kuze kube yileso sikhathi.
- Isifuba esithambile nesivuvukile kusukela emavikini okuqala.
- Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanzangokuvamile ekuseni.
- Ukwanda kwesifiso sokuchama.
- Ukukhathala okukhuluukozela kanye nomuzwa wokukhathala.
- Ukufisa noma ukuzonda ukudla okuthile, izinguquko emqondweni wokuhogela kanye nesifiso sokudla.
- izimpawu zokugaya ukudla njengokuqunjelwa noma isilungulela.
- Ukuxinana kweNasal, ukuphuma kwegazi okuncane ekhaleni noma ukuphuma kwegazi ezinsinini.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ezinye izimpawu, njenge- ukukhathala noma i amahlaya ashintshaLezi zimpawu zingabonakala kokubili ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini kanye nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngakho-ke, uma ungenaso isikhathi eside sokuya esikhathini futhi ungaqiniseki ukuthi kwenzekani, isinyathelo esihlakaniphile kakhulu ukuthatha isivivinyo sokukhulelwa bese ubona udokotela wakho noma udokotela wezifo zabesifazane ukuze aqinisekise ngokushesha.
Izingozi zokukhulelwa lapho ususondele esikhathini sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini
Ukukhulelwa eminyakeni yobudala yokuzala, ikakhulukazi kusukela eminyakeni yeshumi nane kuqhubeke, kusho izingozi ezengeziwe kumama nengane kunokukhulelwa usemncane. Kodwa-ke, lokho akusho ukuthi konke ukukhulelwa kulesi sigaba kuzoba nezinkinga: abesifazane abaningi banezingane ezinempilo kanye nokukhulelwa okuthuthuka ngendlela evamile, ikakhulukazi uma ukuqapha okuseduze kwezokwelapha futhi uphila impilo enempilo.
Phakathi kwezingozi ezinkulu ku- umama phuma:
- Ingozi ephezulu yesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwaokudinga ukuqapha ushukela wegazi kanye nokulungiswa kokudla.
- Amathuba aphezulu okuthola umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-preeclampsia, okudinga ukuqapha umfutho wegazi njalo.
- Amathuba aphezulu okuthi i-placenta iqale ukuvuthwa noma i-placenta ephansi ikhuleokungathonya indlela ukubeletha okwenzeka ngayo.
- Ukwanda kwezinkinga ngesikhathi sokubeletha, ngakho-ke amathuba aphezulu okuhlinzwa kwesisu.
- Ingozi eyengeziwe yokuphuphuma kwesisu, ikakhulukazi ku-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa, ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-chromosome ku-embryo.
Ngokuqondene ne bebeIzingozi ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- Amathuba akhulayo okungavamile kwe-chromosomal, njenge-Down syndrome (i-trisomy 21), i-Patau syndrome (i-trisomy 13), i-Edwards syndrome (i-trisomy 18) noma i-Turner syndrome (i-monosomy X).
- Kungenzeka ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, nezinkinga ezihambisana nokungavuthwa kosana olusanda kuzalwa.
- Ingozi ephezulu yokuzalwa unesisindo esiphansi.
Ukuze unciphise lezi zingozi kuyanconywa:
- Qala ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha ngokushesha okukhulu futhi balandele ngokuqinile uhlelo lokuhlaziya, ama-ultrasound kanye nokuhlolwa okuhambisanayo.
- Gcina ukudla okunempilo, ecebile ngezithelo, imifino, amaprotheni asezingeni eliphezulu namafutha anempilo.
- Zivocavoce ngokulinganisela ivumelaniswe nesimo sowesifazane ngamunye, ngemvume yezokwelapha yangaphambilini.
- Gwema imikhuba eyingozi njengogwayi, utshwala, nezinye izinto ezinobuthi.
- Hlola ukuhlolwa okuthile kokukhulelwa ukuthola ukukhubazeka okungenzeka kwezakhi zofuzo (ukuhlolwa okungangenisi igazi likamama, ama-ultrasound aphezulu, futhi kwezinye izimo ukusampula kwe-chorionic villus noma i-amniocentesis).
Uma usufinyelele kulesi sigaba futhi ungacabangi ngokukhulelwa, kodwa wenza ucansi olungena emzimbeni, kubalulekile ukucacisa... Udinga isikhathi esingakanani ukuvimbela inzalo?Kuze kudlule unyaka wonke ngaphandle kokuya esikhathini, futhi udokotela engakaqinisekisi ukuthi uyaya esikhathini, Kusese nengozi yokukhishwa kwamaqanda futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ngokukhulelwa okungahleliwe.
Nokho, cishe awucabangi ngisho nokukhulelwa kude: mhlawumbe unezingane ezisanda kweva eminyakeni eyishumi nambili noma ezindala, futhi uyazi ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sazo, ukuthi awusemusha, kodwa usemusha emoyeni nasemcabangweni. Kuvamile ukuba nazo izingxabano ezithile zangaphakathiFuthi lokho kushintshashintsha kwemizwa akubangelwa nje kuphela ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, kodwa kubangelwa yizinselele zempilo obhekene nazo: izingane ezishiya ikhaya, ukuhlela kabusha ubuhlobo bakho, ukunakekela abazali asebekhulile, ukucabanga kabusha ngomsebenzi wakho... Jabulela ukuphila nokuphila kukho konke okukulandelayo, yeka indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi, udle ngendlela enempilo, unakekele impilo yakho yengqondo kanye ziveze kulokho oyikho manjehhayi nje kulokho owawuyikho.
Izithombe - AmathiphuI-Admin.
Isigaba sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, esingaphambi nangemva kwaso, akudingeki sibonwe njengokuphela kuphela; singaba futhi isikhathi ukuvuselelwa komuntu siqu lapho ufunda khona ngokuzala kwakho kwangempela, wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuvimbela inzalo noma ukuzala okusizwayo, futhi ugxile empilweni yakho iyonke ukuze uqhubeke nokujabulela umzimba wakho kanye nempilo yakho yocansi ngokuthula kwengqondo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukukhulelwa kuhilelekile noma cha.