El Down Down Kuyinhlanganisela yama-chromosomes ama-3 ngebhangqa lama-21 okuholela ekubeni khona kochungechunge lwezimpawu ezihlale zikhona esintwini futhi eziveza umehluko ekufundeni, emzimbeni nasempilweni. I-Down Syndrome ikhona kuwo wonke amasiko nezifunda zomhlaba, ngakho-ke ukubonwa kwayo kuyinto ejwayelekile nsuku zonke futhi ejwayelekile, kepha bekungahlali kunje.
NgoMashi 21 sigubha i- Usuku Lomhlaba Lwe-Down Syndrome, ngenhloso yokwazisa lezi zimfanelo njengezabantu futhi ezimangalisayo njenganoma iziphi ezinye. Namuhla sazi okuningi ngalezi zingane, ngenxa yenani lentuthuko yesayensi eseyenziwe, ikakhulukazi kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-XNUMX. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sinikeze abantu nemindeni ukunakekelwa okwanele, sazi ukuthi ukukhula kwabantu abane-Down Syndrome kuzokwenzeka kanjani, okuzohluka njengokuthuthuka uqobo.
En los Iminyaka yokuqala engu-6 singakhuluma ngochungechunge lwezici ezivamile:
- Ukukhula kancane komzimba. Ukuphakama okujwayelekile ezinganeni ezine-Down syndrome kungamamitha ayi-2-3 amafushane, njengesisindo, esivame ukuba ngama-gramu angama-400 ngaphansi kwalokho okulindelekile kubantu bezingane. Ngokuvamile, ukuphakama okujwayelekile kwabesilisa ekugcineni kokukhula kwabo kuvame ukuba yi-151 cm, futhi lokho kwabesifazane kube yi-141 cm.
- Ukusabalala okuphezulu kokukhuluphala kwengane. Ngenxa yokwabiwa kwamafutha omzimba, kubalulekile ukuthi kwenziwe ukudla okunomsoco nokulinganiselayo, okudingekayo ukubhekelwa kuzo zonke izingane.
- Ukubambezeleka kwengqondo Ukubambezeleka kwengqondo kuzohluka kakhulu kwezinye izimo noma kwezinye, njengoba kuya ngezici eziningi ezahlukahlukene (i-IQ yabazali, izinga lemfundo ...). Esikwaziyo namuhla ukuthi izinhlelo zokuvuselela zakuqala ziphucula kakhulu intuthuko yomhlaba: ukondla, ulimi, ukuhlangana komphakathi, kanye nokuzivumelanisa phakathi kwabazali nezingane. Ukuthuthuka kwengqondo kuvame ukukhula ngokwanda kwe-IQ, ikakhulukazi okuphawulwe phakathi kweminyaka emibili kuya kwemihlanu, kulandelwe ukwehla kancane kancane.
- I-hypotonia emaphakathi. Ukuqina kwemisipha kuvame ukubakhona emzimbeni wonke. Lokhu kuthinta hhayi kuphela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto kepha futhi nenqubo yokuthola ulimi. Ukuphazamiseka nobunzima be-Phono-articulatory kanye nobunzima kuvamile. Kodwa-ke, izigaba zokuqala zokuthuthuka kwezimoto (ukukhasa, ukuhamba ...) zilandela kuphela ukulandelana okulandelayo, ukubambezeleka nokuguqulwa endaweni yolimi kumakwe kakhulu.
- Izinga eliphezulu lesifo senhliziyo sokuzalwa. Phakathi kwezingane ezingama-40-60% ezine-Down syndrome kukhona ukushintsha kwenhliziyo, kube yizinguquko ezivame kakhulu kwi-septum ye-atrioventricular.
- Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa Ama-50% ezingane ezine-Down syndrome anezinkinga zokuzwa ezisebenzayo. Isifo sendlebe emaphakathi sivame kakhulu, ngezifo zokuphefumula eziningi nenani eliphezulu le-earwax. Kubalulekile ukwelapha lezi zinkinga zokuzwa ngokushesha, ngoba zenza inqubo yokuthola ulimi ibe nzima kakhulu.
- Ukusabalala okuphezulu kwe-myopia. Ushintsho olukhulu olubonakalayo olukhona kulezi zingane yi-myopia, etholakala kuma-70% wamacala.
- Ukubambezeleka kokuqhuma kwamazinyo. Ezimweni ezingama-75% kunephethini ephuzile yokubonakala kwamazinyo. Ngaphandle kokubambezeleka kokuvela kwayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kusungulwe imikhuba yenhlanzeko yomlomo kusukela isencane.
Ukwazi ukuvela okulindelekile kwezingane ezine-Down syndrome kusiza ukuqonda nokuqonda izici zalezi zingane. Kepha asikwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi ukuthuthuka kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi engaholela ekuhlukaneni okungabaleki phakathi kwabanye abantu nabanye, noma ngabe injani imvelo yabo.