Emasontweni ambalwa edlule, kwaqubuka impikiswano kwabezindaba mayelana nesidingo sokuthi goma abesifazane abakhulelwe emqubeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwaba nokuqubuka kokutheleleka kwalesi sifo emphakathini, kuthinta nezingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili ubudala, okuyiminyaka lapho umthamo wokuqala wokugoma uzonikezwa khona, ngaleyo ndlela lezi ezisanda kuzalwa azinakho ukuzivikela. Uma bengachayeka kumagciwane abanga lesi sifo, bangatheleleka futhi baphathwe ukukhwehlela okungaba yisimo esibi kakhulu. Lokhu kudale okubalulekile i-alamu yomphakathi futhi izicelo zokugoma abesifazane abakhulelwe sezikhuphuke kakhulu, okudala ukushoda komuthi wokugoma oshiwo.
Kuyini ukukhwehlela?
Ukukhwehlela kungukutheleleka komgudu wokuphefumula ongaphezulu, obangelwa i-a amabhaktheriya . Yisifo esingahlasela abantu banoma isiphi ubudala futhi sibe yiso kubi kakhulu ezinganeni.
Lapho umuntu onegciwane ethimula noma ekhwehlela, bakhipha amaconsi amancane aqukethe amabhaktheriya, ahamba emoyeni, asabalalise lesi sifo indawo kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye. Iziguli ezingalashiwe zingathathelana amasonto ambalwa ngemuva kokuqala kokukhwehlela.
Iningi lezingane ezithola ukukhwehlela likhipha kubantu abazinikezayo unakekele noma uvakashele, kwesinye isikhathi abangazi nokuthi banesifo. Ukukhwehlela ezinganeni kubangela izimpawu ezingaba zimbi kakhulu.
Izimpawu zokukhwehlela
Izimpawu ze-pertussis zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini eziyi-7-10 ngemuva kokuthi umuntu ahlangane nalesi sifo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kungathatha amasonto afinyelela kwayisithupha ngaphambi kokuba avele.
Ekuqaleni, izimpawu zalesi sifo ziyefana nalezo ze- umkhuhlane ojwayelekile: ikhala eligcwele, ikhala eligobayo, ukuthimula, ukukhwehlela noma umkhuhlane. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, kuvela izimpawu zendabuko zokukhwehlela okungukuthi:
- Ukukhwehlela kufanelana, kulandelwe ukukhala okukhulu lapho kungena umoya.
- Ukuhlanza ngokukhwehlela
- Ukukhathala ngemuva kweziphonso zokukhwehlela
Ukukhwehlela okukhulu kuvame ukuhlala okumbalwa amasonto amabili futhi, ngemuva kwalokho, incipha ngobuningi nangokuqina, yize ukululama okugcwele kungathatha amanye amasonto ambalwa. Phakathi kwe- izinkinga Lokho kungabandakanya i-pneumonia, i-otitis media, ukwehluleka ukuphefumula, i-encephalopathy, nokuquleka. Ukukhwehlela kungadala nokufa.
Ukuxilongwa nezincomo
El ukuxilonga kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi iqale esigabeni sokuqala sesifo (isigaba lapho singadidaniswa nomkhuhlane), ngakho-ke kungenzeka kakhulu ukunciphisa ukuqina nobude bezimpawu. Ukukhwehlela kukhwehlela ama-antibiotics, okufanele ihlale ibekiwe udokotela wezingane.
Lapho ukuxilongwa kwe-pertussis kuqinisekisiwe futhi ngenkathi ukwelashwa kuqhubeka, kuyalulekwa:
- Thanda ukuphumula kwengane.
- Gcina ikhaya lingenazo izinto ezicasulayo ukuvimbela ukukhwehlela kuhambisane kalula.
- Nikeza ingane ukudla okuncane nokuvame ukugwema ukuhlanza, futhi uyikhuthaze ukuthi iphuze uketshezi oluningi ukugwema ukuphelelwa amandla.
Izinyanga zokuqala ezi-3-4 zokuphila ziyisikhathi sengozi enkulu kakhulu yokufa ngenxa ye- ukukhohlela okubi, uma kubhekwa ukuthi kunamathuba amakhulu okuba nezinkinga zesifo, ikakhulukazi ngoba umthamo wokuqala wokugoma unikezwa Izinyanga eziyisithupha zokuphila.
Prevención
Isinyathelo esikhulu sokuvimbela ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela ukugoma. Ukugonywa kowesifazane okhulelwe, kusukela ngesonto lama-27 lokukhulelwa, kukhombise ukuthi kuyindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuvikela usana olusanda kuzalwa, ngoba ukudluliselwa embungwini wama-antibodies (izivikeli) ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, nge-placenta, kuzoyivikela kuze imithamo yokuqala yokugoma enikezwe ezinyangeni ezi-2 nezingu-4 ubudala. Umuthi wokugomela i-pertussis ngu nakanjani futhi kubekezelelwa kahle ngabesifazane abakhulelwe.
Ukudlulisa ukukhwehlela akuqinisekisi amasosha omzimba unomphela, ngakho-ke ngisho nabantu abahlushwa yiyo kufanele bagonywe. I- ukugoma imvelo yengane, okungukuthi, kubo bonke abantu abaxhumana nosana (abazali, izingane zakubo, ogogo nomkhulu ...), ukuze bavikeleke baze bathole imithamo yokuqala yokugoma. Ochwepheshe bayibiza ngokuthi isu lesidleke futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi inganciphisa amacala e-pertussis ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu ubudala aze afike kuma-70%.
Ezikhathini zamuva nje, kwenziwa izinguquko ezibalulekile ezenzweni zokuvimbela lesi sifo. NgoSepthemba 2012, i-UK yancoma ukugonyelwa ukukhwehlela kwabesifazane abesifazane abakhulelwe phakathi kwamasonto angama-28 kanye no-36 (ngokusho kwababhali kuze kufike ku-38) wokukhulelwa ngenxa yesibalo esiphezulu samacala okukhwehlela kulelo zwe futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngenxa yokufa kwezinsana eziyi-12 ngenxa yalesi sifo. Kusukela lapho, i-pertussis kwabesifazane abakhulelwe yehlile amacala emhlabeni jikelele futhi, nakulabo abangaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu ubudala.
ESpain, iCatalonia isibe yi okokuqala umphakathi ozisebenzelayo ukwamukela lesi silinganiso, ngoba phakathi kuka-2008 no-2011 ukukhwehlela kwabangela ukufa, eCatalonia, kwezingane eziyisishiyagalolunye ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala. futhi, ngoJuni 2014, i-Asturias nayo isebenzise le ndlela kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.