Basa guru re placenta ndiro bvumira kuchinjana kwemetabolism uye gasi pakati peropa remwana uye raamai. Zvisinei, handiro chete basa rainaro, sezvatichaona munyaya ino. Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti nzvimbo ye placenta, kunyange zvazvo isingawanzobata kubereka, inoita mune dzimwe nguva, imwe yatichataura pamusoro payo nhasi, iyo inonzi previa kana kuti yakaderera placenta.
"Fetus" neplacenta zvakabatanidzwa nerukuvhute ukuwo chipenyu chaamai chichikurukurirana nechepa placenta kuburikidza nemasaga akazara ropa anonzi. ropa lacunae.
Chii chinonzi placenta?
Iyo inhengo inodonha, saka yenguva pfupi, inoumba mu chibereko panguva yacho pamuviri. Iyo placenta ine basa rekudyisa, kudzivirira uye kubatsira mukati kukura kwe fetal.
Zvinowanzoitika kune mukadzi ane pamuviri uye fetus. Chimwe chikamu chakabva kunaamai (chinogadzirwa neyakagadziridzwa kana deciduous uterine endometrium), asi imwe yese ndeye "fetus" (inogadzirwa nechorionic villi). Saka, placenta inomiririra midzi ye "fetus" muvhu raamai.
Mabasa epa placenta
Sezvatataura, iyo placenta inoshanda semagetsi uye gaseous kuchinjana pakati pefetus neropa raamai, asi. kwete izvozvo chete, inoitawo mamwe mabasa mazhinji, pakati pezvandichataura zvakanyanya kukosha:
- inopa oxygen kune fetus uye inobvisa carbon dioxide kuburikidza ne placental barrier, kureva, iyo yakatetepa yemasero inoparadzanisa chorionic villi kubva muropa raamai;
- inochenesa uye inogadzirisa zvinwiwa nhengo dzemuviri we fetus;
- inobatsira kune fetus zvinovaka muviri zvinodiwa, kusanganisira glucose, triglycerides, mapuroteni, mvura, mavhitaminzi uye mineral munyu nekuda kwekupindira kwayo maererano nemishonga iyi inowanikwa muropa raamai;
- inobvumira kupfuura masoja ekudzivirira chirwere ne endocytosis uye panguva imwechete inodzivirira iyo yezvirwere zvakawanda (pamwe nezvimwe zvakasiyana, zvakadai serubella viruses uye toxoplasmosis protozoa);
- inodzivirira kupinda kwezvinhu zvakawanda zvinokuvadza kumwana ari mudumbu, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vachigona kupfuura napo, zvichiita ngozi kumucheche (caffeine, doro, nicotine, mimwe mishonga, zvinodhaka ...);
- inogadzira zvinhu zvehomoni zvinodiwa pakubata pamuviri: wemunhu chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), progesterone, estrogen uye prolactin.
Ko placenta iri munzvimbo ipi?
Nzvimbo ye placenta inoenderana nenzvimbo yekuiswa kwe embryo mu endometrium, saka inogona anterior, posterior kana lateral uye izvi hazvikanganisi pamuviri kana kusununguka. Zvisinei, zvinogona kuitika kuti inowanikwa yakaderera pane yakajairika: munyaya iyi yatiri kutaura yakaderera placenta kana previa. Inenge 5% yemimba yepakutanga ine placenta yakaderera, iyo kazhinji inodzokera panzvimbo yayo apo mimba inokura. Izvi zvinoitika nokuti chibereko, kana chichiwedzera muhukuru, chinochisimudza. Kuti uongorore mamiriro aya nemazvo, nzvimbo yaro inofanirwa kuongororwa mukati mevhiki 35-36 yekuzvitakura.
Kazhinji, izvi zvinoda kuberekwa pacesarean, kunyanya munyaya dzepakati pe placenta previa. Muchiitiko ichi, kuvharidzirwa kwechibereko kunoitika kunodzivirira kudarika kwe fetus kuburikidza nemugwagwa wekuberekwa.
Placenta previa uye kubereka kwepanyama
Un akaedza kuzvarwa kwepanyama mumamiriro ezvinhu aya zvinoparira maronda mubereko izvo zvinozoita kuti pave nokubuda ropa kwakanyanya kunogona kuisa utano hwaamai nemwana pangozi. Kuti uone kushanda kweiyo placenta pasi pemamiriro akajairika, iyo yakanyanya kuvimbika parameter iri pamusoro peiyo yese yekukura kwe fetal: kana saizi ye "fetus" ichienderana neinotarirwa zvichienderana nezera rekuzvitakura uye huwandu hweamniotic fluid hunoenderana, zvinoreva kuti. iri kushanda zvakanaka.. Zvimwe zvipimo zvinoongororwa kuburikidza nekuongorora kwe ultrasound uroflowmetry yeumbilical artery, iyo inoongorora kushanda kweiyo placenta zvichienderana nemamiriro emwana, uye uroflowmetry yehutachiwana, iyo inoongorora rutivi rwaamai.