Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Njodzi kumwana ari mudumbu kubva kufetus alcohol syndrome (FAS) nezvimwe zvirwere zvinoenderana nezvakawanda uye kazhinji zvakakomba.

Iko hakuna mushonga, nzira chete yekudzivirira kuwanda kwehupamhi hwehosha dzakabatana ndeyekurega kunwa doro panguva yekuzvitakura uye kubata pamuviri.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) uye zvine chekuita ne spectrum disorders (FASD) zvinomiririra kuremara kwakaipisisa kunoitika muchibereko. Zvinokonzerwa ne kusangana nedoro muchibereko, nemigumisiro uye njodzi pakubata pamuviri, kukura kwe fetus uye hutano hwemwana kunyange mushure mechinguva.

Asi ngationei zvakadzama kuti Fetal Alcohol Syndrome chii, painoitika uye chii chingaitwa maererano nekudzivirira.

Chii chinonzi fetal alcohol syndrome kana FAS?

"Chii chingaitika kana ndikanwa girazi rewaini kamwe munguva?" "Chiremba wangu akandiudza kuti girazi rine kudya, kunyange kana ndine pamuviri, hazvikuvadzi ".
Heino mienzaniso miviri yezvirevo zvakapararira pamusoro pe kushandisa doro panguva yekuzvitakura, nyaya iyo hapana nguva dzose kuziva, kunyanya kana zvasvika kune zvinokonzeresa njodzi, kusanganisira Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. 

Chii chinonzi FAS? Ndiyo huru uye yakakomba zvikuru chimiro chekuremara zvachose iyo inoitika mu "fetus", zvakare inodarika chiitiko chekuzvarwa nekuremara kweneural tube (spina bifida, anencephaly), Edwards syndrome uye Down syndrome. Yakatanga kukurukurwa muFrance mukupera kwema1960, apo zvinogona kuitika zvekunwa doro panguva yekuzvitakura vakatanga kusanganisirwa nefetus face malformation uye kukanganiswa kwehunhu. Mumakore akatevera, zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakasimbisa kugona kwedoro kukanganisa kukura kwe fetus.uye kukonzera kuremara kwekuzvarwa, pamwe nematambudziko mazhinji anokanganisa kugona kwekuziva uye hunhu; ndosaka zvakanyanya kururamisa kutaura nezve spectrum ye fetal alcoholic disorders kana teaf.

Iyo yakakurumbira acetaldehyde ...

Asi chii chinoitika kana mwana ari mudumbu akasangana nedoro uye, kunyanya, ne-doro metabolism, yakadai seacetaldehyde? Sezvo "fetus" isingakwanise kugadzirisa zvinhu izvi zvinoyambuka placenta. tambura nemigumisiro yaro, zvingava zviduku kana zvakawanda. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa, kuti hazvigoneke kuratidza huwandu hushoma hunobvumidzwa kana kupokana kuti kungogara kunwa kana kushungurudza kunogona. kuvhiringidza hutano hwe fetus, sezvo dambudziko racho rakaoma zvikuru uye rinopesvedzerwa zvakasimba nemararamiro. yaamai vamangwana, kubva kune genetic uye metabolic maficha, pamwe nemamiriro ekugona kutsamira pane zvimwe zvinhu.

Muchokwadi, kana chikonzero chikuru cheAPS chiri prenatal kubatwa nedoro, zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinokonzeresa kuomarara kweiyo syndrome uye yakabatana nayo.

FAS inoitika rinhi?

ari FAS uye FASD njodzi Vanobata chinenge 1% chehuwandu hwenyika. 10% yevakadzi vane pamuviri vanonwa doro, asi chikamu ichi chakakwirira zvikuru muEurope, apo 65% yevakadzi vezera rekubereka vanonwa doro - nepamusoro-soro mukuyaruka uye mumakore 29-43- uye 26% ye nhumbu.

Kusvika iye zvino, zvinenge 120.000 vana nevachiri kuyaruka vanobatwa neFAS (1,2 pavana 1.000 63 vanozvarwa) uye FASD (1.000 pavana 2.500 XNUMX vanozvarwa), avhareji yekuzvarwa XNUMX gore rega rega. Munyika umo mishandirapamwe yekudzivirira uye mitemo yehutano inokundikana kusimudza ruzivo pamusoro pengozi yekunwa doro panguva yekusununguka uye nguva yekusununguka, kune zviitiko zvakawanda zvevana vanobatwa nezviratidzo zveFetal Alcohol Syndrome nezvimwe zvinetso, zvakadai seRussia uye mu ari Nyika dzeEastern Europe, Great Britain neSouth Africa.

MuUnited States, mwana mumwe kusvika kuvatatu pavana 1.000 XNUMX voga voga vanoberekwa anotapurwa zviratidzo zveFetal Alcohol Syndrome uye nekusawirirana kwakasiyana-siyana, nepo munyika dzeMiddle East musingatomboiti nyaya (1 mu10.000 kuberekwa), zvichipihwa kurambidzwa kunwa doro nekuda kwechitendero uye tsika.

Zviratidzo zvekutanga uye zvekupedzisira zveFetal Alcohol Syndrome

Kuratidzwa kwe fetus kune doro panguva yehupenyu hwe intrauterine hakuna migumisiro muzviitiko zvose zvisina kujeka, ndiko kuti, zvinowanzoitika kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvirwere.

Kutaura zvazviri, Feta Alcohol Syndromel uye Spectrum yeFeto-Alcoholic Disorders inoratidza ne zviratidzo zvikuru variables kubva kumwana mumwe kuenda kune mumwe, vamwe vachitooneka pakuberekwa, vamwe panzvimbo pacho vachioneka mumakore anotevera. Tinogona kutaura nezvekutanga zviratidzo, senge:

• Facial anomalies (kana dysmorphologies). Ndivo vanonyanya kuoneka pakuzvarwa kana pakarepo mushure, ndiko kuti, maziso maduku, muromo wakatetepa wepamusoro, mhuno pfupi, kuderedzwa kwemusoro.
• Mwoyo kuremara. Kwete nguva dzose iripo, inogona kuitika kunyanya kana kunewo mhuri uye genetic predisposition, zvakadai sematambudziko ane moyo rhythm, mavharuvhu emwoyo, uye kukura kwemasvingo emwoyo.
• Genital abnormalities. Hypospadias uye hypertrophy ye clitoris, iyo inogona kuva yakawanda kana zvishoma kuoneka, iyo inosarudza kuongororwa uye kuongororwa kwakasiyana-siyana kunofanira kuitwa, kunyange vasati vavhiyiwa.
• Yakaderedzwa skeletal kukura. Zvose muhutano hwemapfupa (kukanganisa mumajoini uye mumagumo emaoko netsoka) uye mukukura (kunonoka mukukura kwehuremu-huremu, ndiko kuti, kukura kwehurefu maererano nehuremu).
• zvirwere zveitsvo. Imwe pamusoro pese kusashanda zvakanaka kwerenal tubules, iyo inobvumira zvinwiwa zvakasefa neitsvo kuti zvidzorerwe uye, muchidimbu, zvigadziriswe kuti gare gare kugadzira weti. 
• Kunzwa matambudziko. Vanogona kuonekwa pakuzvarwa nekuongororwa kwekunzwa kana kuonekwa gare gare.
• Kuderedzwa kwehuropi. Inogona kuitika zvose anatomically uye kushanda, uye kuva zvakasiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu uye kuzviratidza, kazhinji nezviratidzo zvinotevera.

Pakati pe kunonoka zviratidzo, zvisinei, tinowana:

• Kusagadzikana Nervous reactions, kudengenyeka uye kudengenyeka kunogona kuitika panguva yekukura, mune dzimwe nguva kunyange mugore rokutanga rehupenyu.
• Kunonoka kupinda kukura mumuviri uye mupfungwa.
• Hyperactive maitiro uye matambudziko ekudzidza. Aya marudzi ematambudziko anowanzo tsanangurwa se Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, kana kuti vanoonwa bedzi sousimbe, kusakendenga, kusatongorangarira mugariro wose wavose kana kuti nhau yemhuri.
• Matambudziko emota. Sanganisira  kurongeka, mafungiro, kurongeka kwenzvimbo yako, kuzvitonga.
• matambudziko echikoro zvose mukudzidza uye muhukama hwemagariro evanhu.
• Zvakaoma Zvehukama.

Ndedzipi njodzi kune fetus?

ari njodzi kune fetus ye fetal alcohol syndrome uye zvinetso zvine hukama ndizvo zvakawanda uye kazhinji zvakakomba. Zviratidzo, sezvakataurwa, zvinoonekwa vasati vaberekwa uye mushure mekuberekwa, zvakasiyana zvichienderana nenyaya, asi kunwa doro panguva yekuzvitakura kunobatanidzawo nehuwandu hwekuberekwa kwevana vakafa, kuberekwa nguva isati yakwana uye SIDS (Syndrome of la kuberekwa ).

El  kuongororwa kweAPS uye / kana APS Hazvisi nyore nguva dzose uye nekukurumidza uye zvinoda kudzidziswa kwakananga nachiremba wevana, uyo anofanirwa kutevedzera ongororo chaiyo kana nzira yekusabvisa.
Muchokwadi, iyo FAS/FASD Inopa nehuwandu hwezviratidzo zvinoonekwa pakuongororwa kwekutanga uye nezvimwe zvinoda kumwe kuongorora kuburikidza nechaiyo yekuongorora bvunzo (genetic, metabolic, neurocognitive, ultrasound, neurological). Kushaikwa kwemirairo yekuongorora padanho repasi rose ndicho chikonzero chekunonoka mukuzivikanwa kwezviratidzo uye zvinosuruvarisa kuti migumisiro yehutano kuvana vakawanda uye vachiri kuyaruka, vasingagoni kupiwa kutevera kwakakwana.

Maitiro ekuona APS

Zvisinei, mana makuru maitiro inogona kushandiswa sereferensi yekusimbisa kuongororwa kweFetal Alcohol Syndrome uye/kana FASD uye inogona kubatsira mhuri, dzinoti:

• kusagadzikana kwechiso;
• kunonoka kukura pamberi uye mushure mekuberekwa;
• kubatwa kwedoro pamberi pekuberekwa kwakanyorwa nenhoroondo yaamai;
• cognitive-behavioral disorders.

Kunyangwe pasina ruzivo rwakanyorwa nezve prenatal doro kuratidzwa, kuongororwa kwe FAS/FASD pamberi pe: Facial dysmorphologyes (zvishoma 2); kukanganisa mukukura kwehuropi; kukura kunonoka; kuchinja kwemaitiro uye/kana kunzwisisa.

Zvinokwanisika kusvika pakuongororwa kunyange muhupo hwemafomu anowira mukati mehuwandu hwe fetal alcohol syndrome, yakasiyana zvikuru kubva kune mumwe nemumwe asi nezviratidzo chaizvo, zvinoti:

• • Chikamu cheFAS (PFAS). Dysmorphology, neurobehavioral kusagadzikana, kukura kunonoka.
  • Alcohol Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND). Zera rinopfuura makore matatu, rakanyorwa prenatal doro kuratidzwa, neurobehavioral kusagadzikana.

Alcohol-Associated Neonatal Birth Defects (ARDB). Documentable prenatal exposure kudoro, imwe kana kupfuura congenital malformations yemoyo, itsvo, maziso nemapfupa.