Maperembudzi achiri chirwere ichocho icho chiri kutekeshera mune dzimwe nyika. Icho chiitiko chinonyanya kubata nzvimbo dzakashata uye munyika dzichiri kusimukira. Kuparadzirwa kwayo kwaderera zvakanyanya munzvimbo zhinji dzepasi, asi iri kuenderera mberi ichiparadzirwa pakati pevanhu, kuburikidza nemukaka wemukaka kana kuburikidza nekurumwa neumhutu.
Chirwere maperembudzi zvinonyanya kubata hutachiona muvana. Hazvisi zvakajairika kuona kuwanda kwevana vane hutachiona, uye zvishoma munyika medu, asi zviitiko zviripo uye kutapurirana kwavo kuri nyore nekuti kana vana ava vaine munhu anorwara munharaunda yavo.
Chii chinonzi maperembudzi?
Maperembudzi anonziwo hosha yaHansen, chirwere chisingaperi chinotapukira chinokonzerwa nehutachiona Mycobacterium Leprae (acid-inokurumidza bacillus). Kana yawanikwa inorwisa zvechipenga zvinyama uye inokanganisa peripheral tsinga system, iyo mucosa yeiyo yepamusoro yekufema turakiti, ganda nemeso, kunze kwekukura kukuru kwemhasuru.
Iyo inopararira inoparadzirwa kubva kumunhu kuenda kumunhu, nekubata yakananga kuburikidza nemumhino kana madonhwe emuromo. Nezviratidzo zvekutanga kuongororwa kuri nyore kunogona kuiswa, asi kana ikasaonekwa, zvikonzero zvacho zvinogona kunge zvakakomba.
Inobata sei vana?
Pane mashoma kesi atinawo nhasi tichienzanisa nemakumi emakore apfuura. Tinofanira kutaura kuti kunyangwe paine vana vashoma vane hutachiona, zvakadaro ndivo vanonyanya kubatwa nechirwere ichi.
Zvakaratidzwa kuti mukana wekuti mwana atapurirwe maperembudzi akawedzera kanokwana kana pavanenge vachisangana nevanhu vane hutachiona kana ka9 zvakapetwa nevanhu vane hutachiona mukati mekero imwechete.
Inenge 17% ye Mhosva dzemaperembudzi muIndia dziri muvana vari pasi pemakore gumi nemashanu ekuberekwa, asi kunyangwe zvakadaro, vana vari pasi pemakore mashanu ndivo vanotapurwa nechirwere ichi. Parizvino kune zvakare vechidiki vari pakati pemakore makumi maviri nemakumi matatu ekuberekwa avo vanowanzo kutapukirwa uye zvinofanirwa kuve nekuongororwa kwakakosha mumadzimai akazvitakura anokwanisa kutapurira hutachiwana uhu muchibereko.
Maperembudzi anoonekwa sei muvana?
Maperembudzi akadonha nenzira yekufunga mumakumi emakore apfuura. Yakabva pamamiriyoni gumi nemaviri akatapukirwa kuenda pamazana manomwe ezviuru mugore ra12 uye nepasi rose Izvi imhaka yekuti pane zvakanyanya kunyatso kuzivikanwa nezvechirwere chakataurwa iyo inotungamira kurapa nekukurumidza kana ikaitwa nemazvo.
Uye zvakare, iwo mapurogiramu kubaiwa mishonga kwazvino uye mishonga yekurapa iri kushanda. Kuti inyatsoita kuongororwa, ganda biopsy kana ganda kukwenya richaitwa kuburitsa muyenzaniso uye kuita microscopic bvunzo. Mhedzisiro yacho inozivikanwa mumaminetsi gumi nemashanu.
Imwe bvunzo maperembudzi anocheka. Chiremba anojowa sosi isingatapurire pasi peganda inoda kuongororwa pamazuva matatu nemakumi maviri nemasere. Zvichienderana nemaitiro avo, zvichave zvakafanira kuongorora mamiriro emaperembudzi.
Mufananidzo wakatorwa kubva kuWikipedia
Mushonga wekurapa maperembudzi
WHO yakatopa kare kutanga kwekutanga muma40 na dapsone. Nechekare mumakore makumi matanhatu, vakatanga kuita rifampicin uye clofazimine pamwechete semushonga wemishonga yakawanda (MMT). Rudzi urwu rwekurapwa rwunopihwa mahara neWHO kuvarwere vese vemaperembudzi.
Iyo TMM inotarisirwa mumatanho akasiyana siyana uye musanganiswa wakasiyana nehurefu hwegore rimwe chete, ichiwedzerwa kana zvichidikanwa. Zvese zvinhu zvichaitwa pamwe nekudzokorora uye kuongororwa kwakawanda kwemunhu gore rega, pamwe chete nebhakitiriya kudzidza.
Maperembudzi kana ikasarapwa zvakanaka zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kusingachinjiki kumitsipa yeminwe, maoko netsoka. Pakati peizvi zvinokuvadza kunogona kuve kushaya simba kwemhasuru, chiveve munzvimbo uye kuora. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kudimurwa kwechimwe chezvikamu kwakaitwa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti pachiratidzo chekutanga ona nyanzvi ipapo ipapo.