Matambudziko ekudzidza ndiwo mamiriro ane a mutsauko pakati pematanho ekuita mudzidzo uye kugona kwehungwaru chaihwo hwechidzidzo.
Nemazano aDr. Alessandra Luci, chiremba wepfungwa, chiremba wepfungwa uye murapi wekutaura, ane mutoro weSOS dyslexia centre muFlorence, tinoona kuti chii chinonetsa pakudzidza uye kuti tingaaziva sei.
Tingavaziva sei?
Havana usimbe uye vane usimbe. Ita kutadza kuverenga kana kunyora, vane dambudziko rekuverenga kana kuzvipira kukanganisa pakutaura uye yeuka alfabheti uye matafura ekuwanza. Muhupo hwezviratidzo izvi zvakanaka kuve nechokwadi chekuti vana vedu havana chakananga kudzidza kuremara.
Kazhinji kazhinji - inenge 3/4% yehuwandu hwechikoro inobatwa - iyo ASD (acronym yatinowanzo ratidza Dyslexia, dysgraphia, dysorthography uye dyscalculia) kunyange zvazvo ichiratidza zvakajeka, kazhinji kusatarisirwa kana kukanganisa sekushaya hanya. Pane kudaro, iwo chaiwo uye akakosha matambudziko anokanganisa hunyanzvi hwakadai sekuverenga, kunyora, uye kuverenga.
zvakatemwa na neurobiological disorder izvo zvisingakanganisi kushanda kwehungwaru, hazvina hukama nekunonoka kwekuziva, uye zvinogona kuitika zvega kana mukubatana nevamwe.
Ngationei nenyanzvi chii chinonzi DSAs?.
Matambudziko ekudzidza anokanganisa sei?
ari zvinetso zvekudzidza inoonekwa serudzi rwechirwere neurodevelopment. Neurodevelopmental kusagadzikana mamiriro etsinga ayo kuonekwa achiri muduku, kazhinji asati apinda chikoro. Matambudziko aya anokanganisa kusimukira kwemunhu, magariro, dzidzo, uye/kana hunyanzvi kushanda uye anowanzo sanganisira matambudziko nekutora, kugadzirisa, kana kushandisa hunyanzvi chaihwo kana seti yeruzivo.
Vanogona kusanganisira kuchinja mukati kutarisa, ndangariro, maonero, mutauro, kana hukama hwemagariro. Mamwe akajairika neurodevelopmental kusagadzikana anosanganisira kutarisisa kushaya / hyperactivity syndrome, autism spectrum kusagadzikana, nezvimwe.
Matambudziko ekudzidza anokanganisa kugona ku:
- kunzwisisa kana kushandisa Mutauro unotaurwa.
- kunzwisisa kana kushandisa mutauro wakanyorwa.
- Nzwisisa uye shandisa nhamba uye kufunga uchishandisa pfungwa dzemasvomhu.
- Coordinate the kufamba.
- tarisa pane imwe basa rechikoro.
Nei zvichiitika?
Matambudziko ekudzidza anogona kuve ckuzvarwa kana kuwanikwa. Hapana chikonzero chimwe chete chakatsanangurwa, asi kukanganisa kwetsinga kunofungidzirwa kuti kunobatanidzwa kana zvimwe zviratidzo zvetsinga (kureva, kunze kwechirwere chekudzidza) zviripo. Pesvedzero yemajini inowanzobvunzwa. Zvimwe zvikonzero zvinogona kusanganisira
- chirwere chaamai kana kushandisa zvinodhaka panguva yekuzvitakura.
- Matambudziko panguva yekuzvitakura kana kusununguka (semuenzaniso, kuona, toxemia, kurwadziwa kwenguva refu, kana kukurumidza kusununguka).
- neonatal matambudziko (semuenzaniso, nguva isati yakwana, uremu hwekusununguka hushoma, jaundice yakakomba, perinatal asphyxia, kurwadziwa kwepashure, kufema kwakanyanya)
Zvinhu zvine njodzi mushure mekusununguka zvinosanganisira kuratidzirwa kune chepfu yezvakatipoteredza (semuenzaniso, lead), hutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona, hutsinye uye marapirwo azvo, kushungurudzika, kushaya chikafu chinovaka muviri, nekusarudzika kwakanyanya munharaunda kana kushayiwa.
ASD zviratidzo uye zvekuita
SLDs inomiririra dambudziko guru rekusimudzira rinogona kukanganisa kudzidza zvevana uye zvinoita kuti vasiire chikoro.
Chii chinonzi SLDs uye ndeapi matambudziko aanosanganisira?
Dyslexia
Icho chipingamupinyi kuverenga pasina kukanganisa uye nekukurumidza. Mwana ane nguva yakaoma kuziva mavara earufabheti, achirangarira kunyorerana pakati pemavara nemanzwi uye nekukasira kuita otomatiki maitiro aya.
dysorthography
Hazvibvumi kuti vanyore nemazvo. Zvakaoma kuti mwana ashandise nheyo yearufabheti, maererano neiyo tsamba imwe neimwe inoenderana neruzha, sekudzidza, kuyeuka uye kushandisa otomatiki mitemo yekunyora (kushandiswa kweCU kana QU, kushandiswa kweH, nezvimwewo). .
Dysgraphia
Iyi ndiyo graphic-motor chikamu chekunyora. Zvinokonzera izvo zvatinodaidza kuti "ruoko rwakaipa," asiwo kunonoka kwakanyanya mukunyora. Mukuwedzera, dysgrapher anowanzo kanganisa peni kana penzura, anoshandisa zvisina kunaka nzvimbo yepepa, ane dambudziko rekudhirowa kana kukopa maumbirwo ejometri, nekuisa nhamba mumakoramu.
dyscalculia
Inosanganisira kusakwanisa kuverenga uchienda mberi uye/kana kumashure, kuverenga nekunyora nhamba; uye kuita otomatiki mamwe mabasa enhamba uye ekuverenga (semuenzaniso: 5 + 5 = 10), kunyangwe iwo akareruka.
Chii chatingaite?
Matambudziko ekudzidza anosanganisira kuomerwa kuisa pfungwa kana kuterera, kugadzira mutauro, kana kugadzira ruzivo rwekuona uye rwekunzwa. Kuongororwa kunosanganisira kuongororwa kwenjere, dzidzo, mutauro uye kutsetseka, kuongororwa kwekurapa uye kwepfungwa.
Kurapa kunosanganisira kunyanya kutonga kwedzidzo uye dzimwe nguva kurapwa, kuzvibata uye kurapa kwepfungwa.