Idan muka tambayi wasu ma'aurata abin da ya fi damunsu game da juna biyu, yawanci amsar ita ce "Cewa yaron yana da lafiya". A lokacin daukar ciki za mu yi gwaje-gwaje da yawa don tabbatar da cewa komai yana tafiya daidai kuma jaririnmu ba shi da wata matsala. Ofaya daga cikin damar shine gano idan baku ɗauka ba rashin lafiyar chromosomalA halin yanzu akwai hanyoyi da yawa don tabbatar da cewa wannan ba matsalar yaran mu bane.
A yadda aka saba da sakamakon duban dan tayi na farko ana yin gwajin jini, wanda ake tantance kimar wasu kwayoyin halittar kuma tare da wasu bayanai, kamar shekarun mahaifiya, nauyinta da ko tana shan sigari ko a'a, da "Nuna sau uku", da abin da za su gaya mana haɗarin ilimin lissafi cewa jaririnmu yana ɗauke da cututtukan chromosomal kamar Ciwon Down ko cutar Edwads. Wannan tabbataccen gwaji ne, kusan kusan kashi 95% daidai. Ana ɗaukar babban haɗari idan ya fi girma ko daidai da 1/250 don ɗayan abubuwan rashin lafiyar chromosomal ɗin. Har zuwa yanzu lokacin da wannan ya kasance matsakaiciyar haɗari ko kuma akwai wani yanayi da ya haifar da shakku game da sakamakon, a cin zali gwajin, kamar yadda amniocentesis(yi huda a cikin mahaifar uwa, samun damar jakar da ke kare jariri don cire samfurin ruwan amniotic kuma bincika shi) ko chorionic biopsy(isa ga yankin bayan bayan mahaifa don cire ƙaramin samfurin don ma'ana ɗaya da amnicehesis), kara haɗari iya karya jaka ko wahala da kamuwa da cuta da rasa ciki.
Tun 1997, sananne ne cewa lokacin da mace take da ciki, jininta na iya gano, ban da DNA, DNA na tayin, don haka 'yan shekarun da suka gabata yiwuwar samar da gwaji don gano karyotype na jaririn ya fara bincike mara alaƙa cin zali gwaje-gwaje da kuma wani lokaci da suka wuce da gwajin DNA na tayi a cikin jinin uwa.
Me ya ƙunsa?
Ya ƙunshi aiwatar da wani gwajin jini ga uwa don gano DNA tayi. DNA kyauta daga kwayoyin yara kewayawa a cikin jinin uwa. DNA shine bangaren kwayar halitta, wanda ke tantance ba gadon jariri ba kawai, amma kuma idan mai dauke dashi ne ko kuma yana fama da wani chromosomal cuta ko jima'i, galibi kasancewar matsalar rikice-rikice 21 (Down syndrome), 18 (cutar Edwards) da 13 (cutar Patau) ko kuma sauye-sauyen adadi na chromosomes na jima'i. Kimanin tsinkayen gwajin shine 99,9% don rashin ciwo na Down, da ɗan kaɗan don cutar Edwards da cutar Patau. Wannan yana nufin cewa daidaito yafi muhimmanci akan hanyoyin da suka gabata. Sai kawai idan sakamakon yana tabbatacce dole ne a tabbatar da su tare da kwayar halitta ko kuma amniocentesis. Ba kamar Amniocentesis ko Corial biopsy ba, gwajin DNA na tayi ba shi da haɗari ga jariri (ko mahaifiyarsa), tunda kawai ana ɗaukar jini daga hannun uwa.
Lokacin yin shi
Lokacin bincike sau uku kar a yi sakamakon ƙarshe, iyaye zama yan dako na wasu cututtukan chromosomal, sun bayyana baƙon bayanai akan duban dan tayi ko kuma duk lokacin da iyaye suna so. Yana da mahimmanci a sanar da ku sosai game da juna biyu na ciki ko kuma waɗanda aka samu tare da gudummawar ƙwai, a cikin waɗannan halaye batada hankali kuma kafin aiwatar da shi, yana da sauƙin bayyanawa game da damar da yake bamu da kuma ƙwarewarta a waɗannan sharuɗɗan.
Za'a iya gudanar da gwajin daga mako 10 ciki domin sakamakon ya zama abin dogaro.
Yaya ake yinta kuma tsawon lokacin sakamako zai ɗauka?
Ya ƙunshi ɗaukar jini ga uwa. Ana iya yin hakan a kowane lokaci na rana kuma baya buƙatar shiri na babu iri.
Sakamako yana ɗaukar tsakanin 8 da 10 kwanakin.
Idan sakamakon ya zama tabbatacce fa?
A yayin sakamako mai kyau don wani canjin chromosomal, yana da kyau tabbatarwa ta hanyar cututtukan ciki na haihuwa (amniocentesis ko chorionic biopsy), tunda ba a dauke shi ba tabbataccen gwajin gwaji. Kodayake ƙimar ƙarya ba ta da ƙasa sosai, yana da mahimmanci ga tabbatarwa tare da ɗayan waɗannan dabarun.
A ina zan iya yi? Shin hidimar Kiwon Lafiya ta Al'ummata mai cin gashin kanta tana ɗaukar nauyin gwajin?
Akwai dakunan gwaje-gwaje da yawa waɗanda ke da gwajin a asirce. Kudinta sune kusan € 700. Babu buƙata babu bukata Don yin haka, idan ma'auratan suka yanke shawarar cewa suna son ƙarin gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar a yayin bin juna biyu, kodayake har zuwa wannan lokacin babu wani dalilin fargaba, suna iya yin hakan a ɓoye. A cikin ofungiyar Madrid, tsarin kula da mata masu ciki a Asibitin Clínico San Carlos ya haɗa da gwajin DNA na ɗiya a cikin jinin uwa yayin shari'ar sau uku ko duban dan tayi na da sakamako mara tabbas.