Kusele into encinci ukuqala konyaka wesikolo. Phakathi kwezinto ezininzi ekufuneka uzilungiselele kwaye ucwangcise, ayinako ukusilela: lungiselela ukunqanda iintwala. Kulungile, ndiyaxolisa ukuba ibe nguwe oza kukuxelela, kodwa iintwala ezithiyiweyo ziyatshintsha ukuze zinganyangeki kwezinye iindlela zonyango ezithengiswayo ezikhemesti, kwiiparapharmacies nakwezinye iindawo. Ubuncinane yile nto iqela labaphandi lithethayo.
Nangona abaphandi befumene iintwala eziguqukayo kwiindawo ezingama-25 kwezingama-30 zase-US, iindaba zisothusa. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwisiqingatha se-US sikhona Iintwala eziguqukayo. Ukuba iintwala ziye zatshintsha kuzo zonke ezo ndawo, kuya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba ziguqukele kwihlabathi liphela apho ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezixhaphazi zeentwala kuxhaphake kakhulu?
Malunga neentwala
Intwala sisinambuzane esifunxayo esidla ngokuhlala esikhumbeni kwaye sisitya igazi amaxesha amaninzi emini. Izidleleli zisasazeka ngokudibana ngqo neenwele zomntu onazo.
Ukusuleleka kweentwala entloko ikakhulu kunyangwa ngeemveliso ezingumxholo ezihlala zine-permethrin., imveliso yosapho lwezibulali zinambuzane ezaziwa njenge pyrethroids, ezibulala zombini iintwala kunye namaqanda azo.
Iintwala zinemilenze emithandathu eneenzipho ezixhonyiweyo, ezibavumela ukuba babambe kakuhle iinwele. Intwala inokuphila kangangeentsuku ezingama-30 entlokweni yomntu.
Ngeendaba ezimnandi, nangona iintwala ziyinkathazo, ubuncinci akukho matyala aziwayo okusasazeka kwezifo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokomphandi uKyong Yoon weYunivesithi yase-Illinois ese-Edwardsville, Iingxelo zeentwala ezinganyangekiyo kwi-pyrethroids ziye zakhula kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo.
Iintwala eziguqukayo
Kungekudala emva kokufunyanwa kwayo, uYoon wahlalutya iisampulu zeentwala eziqokelelwe kwizikolo ezahlukeneyo zenguquko ezintathu zemfuza- iM815I, T917I kunye ne-L920F-ngokudibeneyo eyaziwa ngokuba kukungqubana kwe-knock-down resistance (KDR). Olu tshintsho lwaluchongwe ngaphambili phakathi kweempukane ezazinganyangeki kwiipyrethroids kwiminyaka yoo-1970.
U-Yoon wafumanisa ukuba uninzi lweentwala zentloko zazinazo zontathu iinguqu zemfuza, zidibene, zabonisa ukutshintsha kwenkqubo yeemvakalelo kunye nokungafuneki kwi-pyrethroids.
Kolu phononongo lwamva nje, u-Yoon kunye noogxa bakhe bazimisele ukuqonda ngcono ukuba zande kangakanani iintyatyambo ezinganyangekiyo kwi-pyrethroid e-US.
Ukuxhathisa kwe-100% ye-pyrethroid kumazwe angama-25 ase-US
Iqela labaphandi laqokelela iisampulu zeentwala entloko kumashumi amathathu kwamashumi amahlanu aseMelika, kuqokelela inani leentwala ezili-30.
Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba i-104 ye-109 yabantu beentwala iqulethe zontathu iinguqu ze-KDR, ezibenza banganyangeki ngokupheleleyo kwi-pyrethroids. Aba bantu bavela kumazwe angama-25, kubandakanya iTexas, iFlorida, iCalifornia neMaine.
Iintwala ezivela eNew York, eNew Jersey, eNew Mexico nase-Oregon zifunyenwe kunye neenguqu ezimbini, okanye ezintathu, ngelixa iMichigan yayikuphela kwelizwe elinabantu bayo ababesengozini enkulu kwiipyrethroids.
Ngelixa ezi ziphumo ziphakamisa inkxalabo malunga nokusebenza kwonyango lweentwala oluqhelekileyo, uYoon uthi kusekho ezinye iindlela zonyango lokubulala iintsholongwane ezinokubulala iintwala, njengoko zingakhange zikwazi ukumelana nazo.
Nangona kunjalo, uYoon ulumkisa ngelithi ukuba umchiza usetyenziswa kaninzi, ezi zidalwa zincinci ekugqibeleni ziya kukwazi ukumelana nale michiza, ngenxa yoko ucebisa ukuba icinge ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ezi ntlobo zeemveliso.
Unyango lwasekhaya lokulwa iintwala
Nangona esi sihloko kufanele ukuba siqwalaselwe sodwa, siza kubona iingcebiso ezikhawulezayo zokulwa iintwala.
- Hlanganisa abantwana bakho usebenzisa i-scrubber imihla ngemihla, ingaba uzihlambile iinwele okanye awuhlambanga, kwaye nanini na xa befika bevela esikolweni okanye nakowuphi na umsebenzi. Ngale ndlela unokubona naziphi na iintwala ezixhume entloko kwaye uzinqande ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda.
- Sebenzisa i-cream egudileyo xa uhlamba iinwele kunye nebrashi yakho ngaphambi kokuba uhlambe. Nge-conditioner kulula ukususa iintwala kunye neeniti.
- Nika isiraphu yokugqibela nge-apple cider iviniga efudumeleyo, musa ukutsha. Iyeza lalo makhulu lisebenza kakhulu, kuba lithintela iintwala ekunyukeleni ezinweleni kwaye, ukuba zikhona, ziya kukhutshwa ngokulula. Lumka xa ufudumeza iviniga, kuba inyusa amaqondo obushushu ngokukhawuleza kwaye ungamtshisa umntwana. Yinyibilikise emanzini ukuyisasaza ngcono.
- Faka isicelo semaski yemayonnaise kwizinwele zakho ngaphambi kokuba uyihlambe kwaye uqiniseke ukuba uzigubungela kakuhle iingcambu. Shiya iiyure ezimbalwa. Ukuba usebenzisa ikepusi yeshawa okanye ibhegi ibhetele kakhulu. Emva koko, hlamba iinwele ngamanzi ashushu kwaye uzihlambe ngesikhafu. Akukho ntwala, nokuba ingaguquka kangakanani na, eya kuba nakho ukumelana nokufa ngenxa yokufuthanisela okunikezelwa yimayonesi. Phinda emva kweentsuku ezi-5, ukuba kukho amaqanda ongenakukwazi ukuwasusa.
Imifanekiso - ISan Martin, imboniselo, I-Deutsche Pediculosis Gesellschaft