Njengoko ifilosofi yaseJamani uLudwig Feuerbach yathi: "Siyinto esiyidlayo", kwaye kwimeko ye-fetus yinyani ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye ayinakuphikiswa: umzimba wethu wenziwe ngamamolekyuli ezinto eziphuma kukutya esikutyayo imihla ngemihla.
Esibelekweni sikamama, usana olungekazalwa unokutyisa kwaye uphefumle ngenxa ye-placenta. Yile ndlela ukutya kunye neoksijini efika ngayo.
Xa kwisizalo sikamama, umbungu uyakwazi ukutya nokuphefumla ngegazi elijikeleza kwintambo ye-umbilical, ephuma kwi-placenta. Kukulo mbhobho odibanisa usana nomama, oluthi usana lufumane izinto olulufunayo ukuze luphile, kanye njengokuba lutya yaye luphefumla.
Ngexesha leenyanga ezilithoba zokukhulelwa, i-placenta ibonelela umntwana ongekazalwa ukuhamba ngokuqhubekayo kokutya kunye neoksijini kwaye iphelisa into engayifuniyo i-metabolism yomntwana.
Ukutya kufika njani kusana olungekazalwa?
Ukutya kunokufikelela kwi-fetus ngokubonga kwi-chorionic villi, eyenza inxalenye ye-embryonic ye-placenta. I-placenta, ngexesha elifanayo, isithintelo senxalenye yegazi kunye nesihluzo sezinye, oko kukuthi, kwizinto ezimele zikwazi ukutshintshwa phakathi kukamama nosana olusesibelekweni, kuquka iincindi zamadlala zikamama nezilwa.
Zityebile kwiicapillaries, zifunxa izondlo kwimithambo yegazi kamama. Ngale ndlela, usana lufumana ukutya olukufunayo, lufunxa kumzimba kanina. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abafazi abakhulelweyo bagcine ukutya okunempilo kunye nokulinganisela, kuba yonke into efika kumntwana iya kuba nefuthe. ekukhuleni nakwimpilo yabo.
Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukwazi ngokuthe ngqo ukuba ixesha elide kangakanani emva kokuba ukutya kufikelele kwi-fetus, izondlo ezibalulekileyo zidla ngokugqithiswa ngokukhawuleza ngumntwana. Ukuva iintshukumo, abanye oomama batya into emnandi. Oku kungenxa yokuba, ngokungafaniyo ne-macromolecules eyinkimbinkimbi, i-glucose ifikelela ngokukhawuleza kumntwana ngokusebenzisa i-placenta kunye ne-umbilical cord.
Kwenzeka njani ukuphefumla komntwana ongekazalwa?
Ukuphefumla komntwana kuqala ukusuka kwiveki yeshumi elinesibini. Ngoxa esesibelekweni, usana luntywiliselwa kwi-amniotic fluid kwaye alukwazi ukuphefumla ngokuzimeleyo ngemiphunga, oluya kusebenza kuphela ekuzalweni. Ioksijini ifikelela kumntwana ongekazalwa kwi-placenta kunye ne-umbilical vein, ukushiya igazi lomama, apho ligxininiswe ngakumbi, kwaye lidlulela kwigazi le-fetus, ngokuchaseneyo, lihlupheke kakhulu, liyeka i-carbon dioxide kunye nenkunkuma yokuqala. Kuye kwaboniswa ukuba ukunikezelwa okulinganiselwe kwe-oksijeni kunokulibazisa ukuphuhliswa komntwana kunye nokuba i-placenta ivakalelwa kukuba nicotine: yiyo loo nto kucetyiswa ukuba uyeke ukutshaya ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ngokwahlukileyo, imisebenzi evumela umama ukuba aphefumle ngokunzulu, njenge dlala imidlalo okanye ukhwele izinyukoBasebenza njengomsebenzi onempilo kumntwana.
Enyanisweni, kunokuthiwa iintsana aziphefumli kwaphela xa zisesibelekweni. Kunoko, ukutya ioksijini kunye nezinye izondlo, ezifana neevithamini kunye neeprotheni, ngegazi le-umbilical cord.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba ukutya kufike kusana olungekazalwa?
Kubonakala ngathi ukususela kwiveki yesibhozo yokukhulelwa umntwana ongekazalwa unikwa ingca yokungcamla, yaye kamva ezi papillae ziqala ukunxibelelana nengqondo, ngaloo ndlela zibangela ukuba kubekho ukungcamla kwencasa. uphuhliso lwemvakalelo yokungcamla.
Ingena njani ioksijini kusana olungekazalwa?
Umntwana ongekazalwa ufuna ukubonelelwa ngeoksijini rhoqo ngexesha le "perinatal" kwangoko phambi nasemva kokuzalwa. Le oksijini inikelwa ngumama ngeplacenta nenkaba de usana luzalwe lukwazi ukuziphefumlela.
Yintoni ehamba ngentambo ye-umbilical?
Inkaba idibanisa umama nosana. Ngegazi eliqulethwe kwintambo umntwana ufumana ukutya kunye neoksijini kulo lonke ixesha lokumitha, ekupheleni kokukhulelwa malunga neesentimitha ezingama-55 ubude.