Njengoko besiphawulile ngamanye amaxesha, Zimbalwa kakhulu izizathu ezichasene nokuncancisaKe, uninzi loomama banokuncancisa iintsana zabo, ngaloo ndlela babanike okona kutya kokona kugqibeleleyo nokugqibeleleyo; kwaye ngegalelo ngegalelo ukunciphisa ifuthe (kwindalo esingqongileyo) elivela kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa, ukupakisha, njl. Enye into sisigqibo esizimeleyo, nangona ngamanye amaxesha isigqibo singekho kuba oomama baphenjelelwa ngumkhethe kwaye iintsomi.
Inqaku lelokuba akusoloko kunokwenzeka, kwaye namhlanje siza kugxila kwimiba yezonyango engatyhafisi ukuncancisa okanye ivelise uhlobo oluthile lovavanyo lomntu ngamnye olubonisa izibonelelo kunye nomngcipheko, ukuthethelela eyokuqala ngokusekwe kokugqibela. Esinye sezikhokelo ngokubanzi ukusuka ku-WHO Kukuba nanini na xa ukuncancisa kufuneka kuphazanyiswe okwethutyana, kuya kuba lula kumama ukukhupha amabele akhe rhoqo, oko kugcina imveliso. Emva koko siza kufumanisa ukuba zeziphi izizathu zonyango ezizokuphazamisa ukuncancisa.
Kuyakubaluleka kakhulu ukuba iingcali zezempilo ezihamba nokukhulelwa, ukuzala kunye nokhathalelo olusandul ukukhuthaza oomama ukuba bancancise kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko. Kuye kwathiwa kwaye kwaphindwa amaxesha amaninzi, kwaye ngaphandle koku Amanqanaba okuncancisa ayaphucuka: umntwana kufuneka ebotshelelwe ebeleni ngexesha iyure yokuqala emva kokubeleka, ngokuqinisekileyo ixesha lokuncancisa Iya kuba yeenyanga ezintandathu kuphela kwaye ubuncinci iminyaka emi-2 ekhapha ukutya okuncedisayo.
Ukuncancisa kuyancomeka kakhulu kwimpilo yosana nakunina, kuyayithanda imbophelelo kwaye inezinye izinto eziluncedo ezinje ngokuba ihlala ifumaneka kubushushu obufanelekileyo kwaye ngaphandle kokujonga isikhongozeli ukuba sisilawule (kuba sineebhobhosi zethu). Ndingathanda ukuthetha ngokufutshane ngezi zinto zilungileyo kwimpilo yeentsana, emva koko sichaze ezo meko zithethelela ukungqinelani. Yinto yothintelo kuphuhliso losulelo lweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo, iyakhusela kwizifo ezithile ezinjengesifo seswekile okanye ukutyeba kakhulu; kwaye oomama abatsha bayazibona iziphumo ezintle ezinjengokubuyela kwesibeleko kubungakanani bayo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa ngokukhawuleza, kuyayanyaniswa kunye nokukhulelwa, okanye ukuncitshiswa kokopha emva kokubeleka.
Iingxaki ezichasene nokuncancisa.
Emva koko siza kuthetha ngeengxaki ezinxulumene nomntwana nonina:
Ukuphazamiseka kwabantwana.
- Igalactosemia yakudala:
- Isifo seMaple isifo somchamo.
- Pheniceltonuria.
- Ukusilela kwe-lactase yokuqala.
Iintsana ezichaphazelekayo skwaye uya kutyiswa i-lactose-free okanye iifomula ezingenayo i-soy ngaphandle kwebhokisi; Kukho iindlela ezinobumnene ezivumela ukuncancisa inxenye.
Ingxaki yelifa ethintela ukonakala kwezinye iinxalenye zeeproteni. Ifomula yezi ntsana kufuneka zingabinayo i-leucine, isoleucine, kunye nepod.
Ifunyenwe njengelifa kwaye isekwe kukungabikho kwe-enzyme (phenylalanine hydroxylase) esetyenziswa ngumzimba ukwahlula i-amino acid efumaneka kwiiproteni. Iintsana ezine-phenyeltonuria zifuna i-phenylalanine-free formula, kwaye ngokubeka esweni ngokungqongqo banokufumana ubisi kumama.
Kunqabile kakhulu, kodwa nangayiphi na imeko, abo banengxaki kuyo abakwazi ukwahlula iswekile kwiimveliso zobisi (kubandakanya ubisi lwebele).
Ngamanye amaxesha oko kuboniswa kwezonyango kukuncedisa.
Kwimeko yeentsana ezinobunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-1500 gram), wazalwa ngaphambi kweveki yama-32 yokumitha, kunye nomngcipheko we-hypoglycemia ngenxa yokuhlengahlengiswa komzimba, abo baye bafumana ubunzima be-intrapartum hypoxia, koomama abanesifo seswekile, okanye abanye.
Izifo zoomama
Usulelo lwe-HIV: Ukuhanjiswa kwentsholongwane emzimbeni womntu kubisi lukamama kuyangqinwa. Kodwa ukuba ukutshintshwa akwamkelekanga, kunokwenzeka, kuyafikeleleka, kuzinzile kwaye kukhuselekile (i-AFASS), into edla ngokwenzeka kumazwe asaphuhlayo, ukuncancisa kungcono.
Xa isenzeka, kungcono ukuba unqande ukuncancisa okwethutyana
Le yimeko yamayeza athile njenge-psychotropics yokuthambisa, iiopioid kunye neziphumo kunye ne-antiepileptics; iodine ye-radioactive 131, icytotoxic chemotherapy, iodine, okanye iodophors (povidone iodine). Kwaye izifo ezibini ziyi-septicemia (okanye ukuba kunjalo, esinye isifo esinokwenza ukuba kube nzima ukukhathalela umntwana), kunye nohlobo lwe-Herpes simplex 1 (ukuba nje isilonda esinyangiweyo asinyangwa kwaye asinyangeki, umlomo womntwana ayinakuchukumisa isifuba).
Ukuncancisa akuphikiswanga xa:
Kukho uchungechunge lwe izifo okanye iimeko ezingazukuphazamisa ukuncancisa, kwaye ke ezo zonyango azichasani. Zezi zilandelayo:
- Izifo eziqhelekileyo.
- Uhlobo lwe-A kunye no-B hepatitis.
- Salmonellosis, isifo seengcongconi, irubella kunye noqwilikana.
- Isifo seswekile.
- Izinto ezingcolisa indalo.
- Ukufakwa kwe-silicone.
- Iflethi okanye ingono eguqulweyo.
Ziqhele ukuba zizigulo eziqhelekileyo ezifana norhudo okanye umkhuhlane; Akukho sizathu sokuyeka ukuncancisa, kwaye izilwa-buhlungu zomzimba ezenziwa ngumama zikwadluliselwa emntwaneni.
Eyokuqala kuba usulelo lwayo lululwelo / lomlomo, kwaye okwesibini kuba umngcipheko wokudlulisela usezantsi kakhulu; Ukongeza, kukho ukubakho kokulawulwa kwe-anti-Hepatitis B immoglobulin kunye nokugonya ngaphambi kokuba kugqitywe iiyure ezingama-24 zobomi.
Kwezi meko zimbini zidlulileyo intsholongwane ibekelwe bucala kubisi lwebele, nangona kunjalo ukudluliselwa ngale ndlela kunqabile kwaye izilwa-buhlungu ezivelisiweyo ziphucula indaleko.
Izibonelelo zingaphezulu komngcipheko kwaye ubukho kubisi olungelulo luhlala luphezulu.
Lactation inokusekwa kwaye igcinwe ngaphandle kweengxaki.
Apha besele sithetha ngayo: ngeengcebiso ezilungileyo kunye nomonde omninzi unokuncancisa kwezi meko.
Izifo ekungafuneki ukuba ziphikise nangona zinokuba yingxaki ebalulekileyo yezempilo.
Amathumba ebele, isifo sokukrala kwebele, i-hepatitis C, isifo sephepha kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezinto ezikhuthazayo (ezinje nge-ecstasy) okanye uxinzelelo (njenge-benzodiazepines okanye i-cannabis); Ngokubanzi, baya kuba nefuthe elibi emntwaneni, ke oomama kufuneka bafumane yonke inkxaso yokuyeka ukusebenzisa kunye nokususa i-detox.
Khumbula ukuba xa ufuna ingcebiso, kuya kufuneka usoloko ujonge abo bantu bakunikayo nabakunika ulwazi oluqinisekisiweyo noluthembekileyo; ukuba unamathandabuzo, kuya kufuneka ufumane izimvo ezingaphezulu kwesinye. Kwaye khumbula ukuba akukho mntu unenyaniso epheleleyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuyacetyiswa ukuba uye kumaqela ezokuncancisa, apho ukongeza ekufumaneni oomama abacebisi ngezokuncancisa, uya kuziva ungqongwe ngabanye abantu basetyhini abanenkxalabo kwaye kufuneka babelane ngamava abo.
Via - WHO