Ubutsha lixesha de ubomi apho abantwana baba ngabantu abadala. Kuphakathi kokufikisa, kuqondwa njengomzuzu apho owokuqala ukuguqulwa komzimba, kunye nempumelelo yokukhula kwentlalo, okanye ukufumana uxanduva lomthetho.
Ngexesha lokufikisa, ayipheleli nje ekutshintsheni umzimba kunye nenkangeleko, kodwa sikwangqina ukufunyanwa kwezakhono ezitsha ngokwemigaqo ubudlelwane kunye nokukhula kancinci kancinci kwengqondo.
Ubutsha bumele, ke ngoko, inkqubo yokuzalwa ngokutsha ebandakanya umzimba nengqondo kunye que ithatha inguqu (engasoloko ihamba kancinci) ukusuka ekungakhuli kunye nokuxhomekeka kwentlalo kobuntwana ukuya kukuzimela kobomi bomntu omdala. Kodwa liqala nini eli nqanaba lobomi? Uqala nini ukufikisa? Yaye luluphi utshintsho esifanele silulindele?
Iqala nini iminyaka yokufikisa?
Akukho minyaka esele imiselwe kwaye ilinganayo kumntu wonke kwaye kukho iyantlukwano kwiminyaka yokuqala yokufikisa phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini. Kumakhwenkwe, imiqondiso yokuqala yokutshintsha komzimba (amasende amakhulu kunye nepipi, iinwele ze-pubic kunye ne-armpit) ziqala. phakathi kweminyaka emi-9 neli-14.
Ngoxa, kwelinye icala, ukufikisa kwabasetyhini (uphawu lokuqala lokufikisa kukwandiswa kwembalelwano ngengono, iqhosha lebele), kwenzeka ngokomndilili. malunga neminyaka engama-10 ubudala, kodwa hayi ngaphambi kwe-8 okanye ubuninzi phakathi kwe13. Emva kwesi sigaba sokuqala, kwiinyanga ezilandelayo, siya kubona ukuphuhliswa ngokuthe ngcembe kweenwele, eziza kubonakala kuqala kwi-pubis kwaye emva koko kwindawo ye-armpit. Imbonakalo ye ivumba elibi lokubila o yeegraniti ezincinci Ikwayinxalenye yesi sigaba sotshintsho kwaye inokuvela nangonyaka phambi kophuhliso lwe iqhosha lebele kwabasetyhini kunye nokwanda kwamasende emadodeni.
Kodwa lide kangakanani eli xesha? Nangona kulula ukukhomba ubudala bokuqala kokufikisa, sisenezinto ezininzi zokungaqiniseki malunga nexesha layo. Ukusuka kumbono womzimba, ukufikisa kuphelile malunga phakathi kweminyaka emi-18 neli-20Nangona kunjalo, akukho sivumelwano malunga nobudala apho esi sigaba sobomi siphela, kuba kwabanye kuyafuneka ukuba kuqwalaselwe impumelelo. ukuzimela kwezoqoqosho yenkwenkwe okanye intombazana ekufikelelwe kuyo, nangona kunjalo, kamva kakhulu.
Ziziphi iinguqulelo zokufikisa?
Kubazali, sayina loo nto into iyatshintsha kunyana okanye intombi yakho zinxulumene ikakhulu nokuziphatha, kuba ngokufuthi zizifumana zinxulumana nabantwana abathi (ngamanye amaxesha) ngexesha elithile bangabi qaphela . Nangona kunjalo, umzimba ubuye utshintshe kwaye uguqulelo oluhlukeneyo lubangelwa, njengokuhla kwethoni yezwi okanye ukubonakala kweenwele kwi-armpits kunye ne-pubic area.
Ngaloo ndlela ukufikisa kuphawulwa ngo utshintsho oluninzi emzimbeni kodwa eyona revolution inkulu yile yenzeka kuyo ngengqondo . Uphononongo olwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-resonance magnetic esebenzayo lubonise ukuba ngeli xesha ubuchopho bungaphezulu kweplastiki kwaye bufumana utshintsho olubaluleke kakhulu.
Kodwa masihambe inyathelo ngenyathelo kwaye sibone ngqo kwenzeka ntoni kumzimba womntwana ofikisayo . Kumadoda nabasetyhini utshintsho luqhubeka ngokwahlukileyo, ngoko kulungile ukwahlula utshintsho lomzimba lokufikisa kumadoda nabasetyhini.
Kwezinye iingcali, ngokwenene, umzuzu apho ukuzimela kwezoqoqosho kufezekiswa (ukungena kwihlabathi lomsebenzi) kufuneka kwakhona kuthathelwe ingqalelo, okuhlala kwenzeka emva kwexesha elidlulileyo.
Utshintsho kwingqondo yokufikisa
Nangona kunjalo, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, uguquko olukhulu luyinto eyenzekayo kwi engqondweni yomntwana ofikisayo . Ingqondo lilungu elitshintshayo kubo bonke ubomi, kodwa olona tshintsho lubalulekileyo lwenzeka ngamaxesha amabini akhethekileyo ophuhliso:
- ngexesha Iwaka lokuqala leentsuku zobomi, ixesha apho izixa ezikhulu zonxibelelwano (synaptic network) zenziwe phakathi kweeseli zengqondo (neuron) kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo, inkqubo esisiseko sokufunda.
- ngexesha lokufikisa.
Olona phawu luphambili lwengqondo yokufikisa kukukwazi ukutshintsha ekuphenduleni okusingqongileyo kwaye oku kufezekiswa ngokuguqula uthungelwano lonxibelelwano ezidibanisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho. Uhlenga-hlengiso olukhulu lwesibini lwengqondo lwenzeka ebusheni, olubonakaliswa ikakhulu ngokuthenwa : oko kukuthi, yonke into engazange isetyenziswe ebuntwaneni iyacinywa. Ukuthena kuphenjelelwa yi imiba yokusingqongileyo yentsapho kwaye ikhokelela kumakhonkco afanelekileyo ngakumbi usebenzisa i-criteria "yokusebenzisa okanye ulahlekelwe yiyo". Yintoni, kwimeko apho umntwana ehlala khona, ithathwa njengento ebalulekileyo kwaye ibalulekile, endaweni yoko iqiniswa ngokudala uxhulumaniso olutsha.
Hlalutya kwaye usebenzise imemori
La unxibelelwano olukhawulezayo phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho eziveliswa ngolu hlobo zivumela a ukukwazi ngcono ukuhlalutya kwaye ugcine inkumbulo. Ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho wokwakhiwa koqhagamshelo luseka umgangatho wokufunda..
Nangona kunjalo, oku iplastiki ekhethekileyo Ikrele elintlangothi-mbini, kuba ukuba kwelinye icala livumela abakwishumi elivisayo ukuba bathathe amanyathelo amakhulu kwingcinga, ukukhawula kunye nokuhlalisana, kwelinye icala esi sicatshulwa sibenza babe sesichengeni sokuziphatha okuyingozi.
Oku kungenxa yokuba iinkqubo zobuchopho ezifumana utshintsho olukhulu ngexesha lokufikisa zezo zilawulayo ukukhangela imivuzo, ubudlelwane y indlela yokuziphatha elawulayo. Kodwa kuthetha ukuthini konke oku? Ingqondo yethu yenziwe ziinkqubo ezimbini: inxalenye elawula ithuku neemvakalelo (i-limbic system) kunye nenxalenye esenza siqonde indlela yokulawula ezi. ithuku/iimvakalelo ukuhlala ngaphandle kwenkathazo (i-cortex yangaphambili okanye inkqubo yokulawula).
Ngexesha lokufikisa kwenzeka ukuba iinkqubo ezimbini musa ukuphuhlisa ngaxeshanye, kodwa kuqala ivuthwa kwaye iqinisa i-limbic, ithuku kunye nenkqubo yeemvakalelo eyomelezwa kule minyaka , ngelixa i-prefrontal cortex ikhula ngokucothayo kwaye oku kukhula kuphela mva nje. ukuya kwiminyaka engama-20 (ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kwi-24 iminyaka).
ukuziphatha okuyingozi
Abakwishumi elivisayo badla ngokuba nako ukuziphatha ngokungekho ngqiqweni kunye nobungozi, enye ukubonakaliswa kwengqondo Uluhlu olufutshane kunye nolunxulunyaniswa noxinzelelo loontanga (umzekelo, ukuma kwiziporo zikaloliwe, ukukhalipha uloliwe nokuhamba wedwa ngomzuzu wokugqibela, ukuzama utywala neziyobisi, ukulinge sadora ngaphandle kokukhathalela ukuzikhusela kwizifo ezosulela ngeentlobano zesini okanye ekukhulelweni okungafunwayo); Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba imfuno yokuphonononga iimeko ezintsha ayilawulwa kakuhle yi khonkotha umphambili ayikavuthwa.
Qonda inkqubo yendalo ye ukukhula kwengqondo kusinceda siqonde ukuba ukuthatha umngcipheko, ukufuna imvakalelo, kunye nokurhoxa kwabazali koontanga akuzona iimpawu zengqondo okanye iingxaki zengqondo, kodwa ziyingxenye yokukhula. Enyanisweni, ukufikisa lelinye lamanqanaba obomi kunye amandla amakhulu okudala . Ndiyabulela kwiinkqubo zokuhlaziya ubuchopho kunye noxinzelelo lwehomoni, ukucinga, ngeli xesha lobomi, ukongeza ekujoliseni ngamandla ekuhloleni, kunye neengozi ezibangelwayo, kukuphakama kwezakhono zayo zokuqonda eziphuhlisa kwaye ziphucule. ubuchule. Kwaye yile nguqulelo kanye ekhokelela ekubuzeni yonke into eyaziwayo nefunyenwe ngayo ndiziva ndikhululekile ukuba yinto enye.